单选题We used to call them "electronic brains". That was back in the 1950's, when names like ENIAC and Univac were room-sized clunkers with hot tubes, punch cards, and mechanical clacking noises. Computers are much, much smaller and many times smarter now. But we know better than to call them "electronic brains". Computers don't really think. They calculate. They manipulate binary digits, one's and zero's, like the beads of an abacus, only much faster. Computers can compete at chess because the board's options are limited. Program all of the possibilities and you've got Deep Blue, a competitor — but not a thinker. When chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov faced off IBM's Deep Blue, the machine won. That upset a lot of people. Not me. I'm happy to concede the few things a machine can do, if it helps us to appreciate the many things humans can do better — like, for example, making a mess. I'm real good at that. Look at my desk. Some people say a cluttered desk is a sign of a creative mind. People look at my desk and say I must be very creative. But where others see chaos, I see order. Believe it or not, I know where everything is — usually. Order is in the mind of the beholder; so is disorder. Today's scientists think about chaos the way Einstein thought about relativity. Chaos was an important theme in the movie "Jurassic Park". A concept called "chaos theory" predicted the breakdown of order and dinosaurs running amok. In simplest terms, chaos theory tries to appreciate just how much the universe is a vast, disorderly place, where here and there sheer probability has caused disorder to give way to a quite lovely and wondrous order. On at least one lovely planet, our own, it has created the human brain. It is a complex piece of meat chock full of disorderly thoughts that here and there give way to wondrous order. To information theorists, our brains must look like a jumble of entropy, "noise" and random errors in the transmission of signals and messages out of which an often-lovely order emerges, just as a painting, when viewed close up, looks like so many chaotic brush strokes and squiggles; but when viewed from farther back, it becomes the Mona Lisa, orderly and beautiful, yet still mysterious, a reflection of its creator's sense of himself. The smartest computer's talents pale next to Leonardo De Vinci's genius. This computer is no more aware of what it does or what it is doing than a lawn mower is aware of the lawn it's cutting.

单选题In the writer's opinion, people judge others by ______.

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单选题The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means that ______.

单选题Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws require children to go to school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter. The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite separate and independent. They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most Americans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom. Public schools are usually maintained by school districts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city. In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city council. The state legislature decides which method should be used. Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a good education. A good education prepares a person to live a better life. It helps him to become a better citizen. Nearly all states give financial aid to local school districts. State departments of education offer other kinds of aid. States offer help with such things as program planning and the school districts. The federal government also helps. The National Defense Education Act allows school districts to get financial aid for certain purposes. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 added many other kinds of financial help. But neither the state nor the federal government dictates school policy. This is determined by local school boards.

单选题 According to Peter Salovey, Yale psychologist and author of the term EQ, IQ gets you hired and EQ gets you promoted. Salovey tells of a simple test. Some four-year-old kids were invited into a room and were given the following instruction: "You can have this marshmallow right now; or if you wait, you can have two marshmallows when I get back." Then, the researcher left. Some kids grabbed for the treat as soon as the researcher was out the door, while others waited for the researcher to return. By the time the kids reached high school, significant differences appeared between the two groups. The kids who held out for two marshmallows were better adjusted, more popular, more adventurous, more confident, and more dependable than kids in the quick gratification group. The latter group was also more likely to be lonely, more easily frustrated, more stubborn, more likely to buckle under stress, and more likely to shy away from challenges. When both groups took scholastic aptitude tests, the "hold out group" walloped the "quick gratification group" by 210 points (the test scores range from a minimum of 200 points to a maximum of 800, with an average for all students of 500 points). Researchers have been discussing whether it's possible to raise a person's IQ. Geneticists say No, while social scientists say Yes. But while brain power researchers continue the debate, social science researchers have concluded that it's possible to improve a person's EQ, and in particular, a person's "people skills," such as empathy, graciousness, and the ability to "read" a social situation. According to the social scientists, there is little doubt that people without sufficient EQ will have a hard time surviving in life. EQ is perhaps best observed in people described as either pessimists or optimists. Optimistic people have high EQ and treat obstacles as minor, while the pessimistic people have low-EQ and personalizes all setbacks. In social research circles, EQ denotes one's ability to survive, and it's here that there may be an overlap between EQ, IQ, genetics and environment. As to that, I am reminded of the words of Darwin, "The biggest, the smartest, and the strongest are not the survivors. Rather, the survivors are the most adaptable." Those of us who survive and thrive in this complex world are not only the most adaptable, but also the most optimistic and the most likely to have a high EQ.

单选题In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes". If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of "Momism" — but we don't want to exchange it for a "neo-Popism". What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (相关的，切题的) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

单选题All scientific truth is tentative because

单选题Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}. As was discussed before, it was not {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}through the telegraph, the telephone, radio and motion pictures {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}its impact on the media was not immediately {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}, with display becoming sharper and storage {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}increasing. They were thought of, like people, {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}generations, with the distance between generations much {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}within which we now live. The communications revolution has {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.