单选题 The future of space exploration depends on many things. It depends on how technology evolves, how political forces shape competition and partnerships between nations, and how important the public feels space exploration is. The near future will see the continuation of human space flight in Earth's orbit and unpiloted space flight within the solar system. Piloted space flight to other planets, or even back to the moon, still seems far away. Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant, but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction. The 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey depicted commercial shuttles flying to and from a giant wheel-shaped space station in orbit around Earth, bases on the moon, and a piloted mission to Jupiter. The real space activities of 2001 will not match this cinematic vision, but the 21st century will see a continuation of efforts to transform humanity into a spacefaring species. Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration, in Earth's orbit and beyond. In 1998 no single government or international enterprise had plans to send people back to the moon, much less to Mars. Such missions are unlikely to happen until the perceived value exceeds their cost. One belief shared by a number of space exploration experts is that future lunar and Martian expeditions should be aimed at creating permanent settlements. The residents of such outposts would have to "live off the land," obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment. On the moon, pioneers could obtain oxygen by heating lunar soil. In 1998 the Lunar Prospector discovered evidence of significant deposits of ice, a valuable resource for settlers, mixed with soil at the lunar poles. On Mars, oxygen could be extracted from the atmosphere and water could come from buried deposits of ice. The future of piloted lunar and planetary exploration remains largely unknown. Most space exploration scientists believe that people will be on the moon and Mars by the middle of the 21st century, but how they get there, and the nature of their visits, is a subject of continuing debate. Clearly, key advances will need to be made in lowering the cost of getting people off Earth, the first step in any human voyage to other worlds.

单选题Parents now have a popular belief that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, greatly different ideas about how to teach it or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is that how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling. If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will be prone to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的). "It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which included some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动力) to seek improvement.

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单选题Questions 17—20 are based on the following monologue. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.

单选题 Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. Bat, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work: Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

单选题 A rose by any other name may smell as sweet, but if it's not red or yellow, it doesn't sell. According to James Crowe, chief executive of the Worcester—based research company, Scintilla, the color of a product can dictate the strength of its sales. His company has pioneered a method of testing consumer response to color which he claims can predict, with 90% accuracy, sales of a new product for up to 18 months after the launch. The method, "Chromtest", has been used to test everything from ladies' dresses to sunglasses. Clients include Parsifal Lager, Amir Fashions, Coloroll Wallpaper and Meadowcourt China. Color, says Mr. Crowe, is critical in ensuring product acceptance. It is not merely a case of choosing an acceptable primary color—shades, tones and texture can all have a bearing on the consumer's final choice. "We could take 10 colors, each with six shades and virtually guarantee that two of the shades would be most popular with 80% of the people interviewed," he said. "Products are associated with lifestyle: most kitchens are now in wood so if you make toasters you don't want a color that is unsuitable." Mr. Crowe, a former lecturer at the Institute of Marketing, formed Scintilla in 1992 with the help of a $5000 second mortgage. First year turnover was $100000. This year with 30 staff it will be ten times that. Chromtest, which was developed with the help of Crowe's artist wife, Susanne, now accounts for around 70% of turnover and provides most of the profits. Crowe admits that British companies still have their doubts, though he says a few retailers now insist that products are color screened before they are allowed on their shelves. He contrasts this with European manufacturers who commission over half the company's works. European tests do vary dramatically, however, and Crowe argues that, as with branding, color and design for pan-European products carry numerous pitfalls. For example, a recent test of a brown dinner service in Britain, Germany and France shows that while consumers in the first two countries like the product, Parisians will not eat off brown plates.

单选题You will three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to read your answer. You will hear each piece only once. {{B}}Questions 11～13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11～13.{{/B}}

单选题What the wise man said suggests that

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单选题According to the article, the video game player can ______.

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