单选题The first three paragraphs tell us that______.

单选题Californians are preparing for an earthquake by ______.

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about the history of daylight saving time.

单选题The boy has as much progress ______ we had expected. A. as B. that C. which D. what

单选题 Questions 17 ～ 20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 ～ 20.

单选题 A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day "outlook" which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

单选题According to the passage, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ______.

单选题The earliest stages of photography are in many ways the most satisfying. Learning to handle the controls is easy and comes quickly, and you can measure the results in terms of sharp and correctly exposed pictures. Once you have mastered that, you can start on the second stage of your photographic career. Applying these basic skills in a wide range of situations to give the pictures you want, concentrating on what you see through the viewfinder and tuning that into the most effective picture becomes totally absorbing. All good photographs have one thing in common: there is no doubt what the subject of the picture is meant to be. Focus, exposure and composition all lead your eye to the same point, they all make the subject of the picture stand out. Every photographer must apply those same standards to his or her work, not only to the finished results but to the subject before he or she takes it. Always work out quite clearly what the subject of the picture is to be and why you are taking the picture. For example, "I am going to take a picture of this street to show the different styles and ages of the buildings and that people have been living, working and shopping in them since time began." By doing this you have a better idea of what to include in the picture and what to leave out. How often have you been shown photographs taken by people away on a trip somewhere? The commentary is always similar, something about "the car park is out of the picture to the left", or "you can't quite see from this picture but if you go up the street ...". The photographs are usually confusing collections of buildings, people, parked cars, possibly a distant glimpse of an ancient cathedral, and best of all, a figure which you are told is Aunt Henrietta, disappearing in the middle distance. When photographers show you their pictures, they have a clear idea of what they want to bring to your attention, but it often does not appear in the picture. If they had given just a little of their time to think about their future commentary before taking the picture, then the picture would relate its own story. Good pictures communicate quickly and easily.

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单选题Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their basis from newly made decisions, there are other instances when decision-making does not really take place. The latter, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may involve routine, programmed, impulsive or intuitive action. When you wake up in the morning and prepare to attend class, do you consciously make decisions about such things as which side of your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to put on first? Probably not. Although you may have made a conscious decision about what you were going to wear to class, you probably didn't spend any time in making a decision about how to get ready to at- tend class. Every individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from decisions made at an earlier time in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type of action. Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had to make separate decisions for each action you take? You use routine plans or action resources to make new decisions. In addition to the habitual behaviors or routines you follow, you also have certain specific actions you undertake in a given situation. These are called programmed decisions. Programmed decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral. actions repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions. on the other hand, utilize your past experience in a similar situation For instance, you know you are going to have a test. Your method of studying for this test will ha done using your knowledge of a similar experience. The degree of success previously achieved will be a determinant in how. when, where, and the length of time you study for this test. Programmed decisions, like routines are a resource in your management. When the action undertaken proves to be successful you repeat the same action the next time when a similar situation occurs. This successful achievement, measured by the satisfaction you received, determines when and the extent to which you modify the original decision before employing it again in other like situations. Both routine and programmed decisions serve useful purposes. They act as resources by eliminating the need to make new decisions. They also evaluate managerial action. The success you achieve enables you to by- pass or minimize the use of the decision-making process.

单选题What kind of difficulties do the sole mothers come across in the labor market?

单选题The novel A Tale of Two Cities was written by ______. A. Charles Dickens B. Mark Twain C. George Eliot D. Oscar Wilde

单选题In the long run, the social effect of computers is that ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}} In the 18th century, New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How to explain the change in its size and importance? To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history and economics. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America's most famous cities. The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily-populated areas in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across tile sea enter America, and the products of the land are sent there for export across the sea. Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into completed goods, That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance. About 1815, when many Americans from the east coast had already moved to the west. trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem, The slow wagons of that time. drawn by horses or oxen, were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe's canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long trip of low land Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After working for several years it was completed in 1825. The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast. In later years, transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that emended from the Atlantic Ocean far up to the western branches of the Mississippi. The new railroads made canal shipping not as important as before, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas. Exports from New York were greater than imports. Consequently, shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result. Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of them remained in the city. Others stayed in New York for a few weeks, months or years, and then moved to other parts of the United States. For these great numbers of new Americans. New York had to provide homes, goods and services. Their labor helped the city become great