单选题The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to be true of United States trade laws?

单选题 {{I}}Questions 11-13 are baaed on the following talk on Special Olympics. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 -13.{{/I}}

单选题The example of American Indian languages in the passage is to illustrate that ______.

单选题In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers are completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new super systems argued that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities travelling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that only one rail company serves most shippers. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone"s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to, which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be this with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $ 10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail"s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who"s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} 　　It was the single, strangely spiraled tusk that first alerted scientists. Sticking out of the ice covered by Siberian soil, like an ivory tombstone, it revealed the. presence of a true scientific wonder: underneath lay the frozen body of a mammoth. The discovery has presented researchers with an unprecedented challenge--to move to laboratory, a mammoth's entire, undisturbed body where it can be analyzed at leisure and its biological secrets revealed. Last week, scientists completed the first stage of this remarkable transfer, using a helicopter to lift a twenty-three-ton block of ice and mammoth to a new site where defrosting can be started. As one of the team, Dutch paleontologist Dick Mol put it, "It's very exciting. I've been working on mammoths for more than 25 years, and this is a dream for me—to find the soft parts and touch them and even smell them." In particular, the discovery and recovery of the 23,000-year-old body has raised speculation that it may be possible to clone a mammoth from one of its cells. Could the same process used to clone Dolly the sheep be attempted with a mammoth, using an elephant as a surrogate mother? It is certainly an enticing prospect. Herds of woolly mammoths grazing the pastures of the world's many natural parks would be a mighty attraction, and a massive triumph for modem science, showing it could even resurrect eradicated species. Extinction would no longer be forever. Mammoths once roamed the world's northern hemisphere until they abruptly disappeared. Some. scientists argue that as the last Ice Age ended, the world went through major ecological changes, and these large woolly mammals found life awkward, sweaty and unaccommodating. No longer able to compete for resources, they became extinct.

单选题"Tea breaks do matter" ( Line 2 ,Para. 2) indicates that ______.

单选题Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful then idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from toil. At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of those earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded. Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find. The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can acquire. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle.

单选题Questions 11—13 are based on the following news about oil spill at Seaview Beach. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11—13.

单选题{{I}} Questions 11-13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read the questions 11-13.{{/I}}

单选题The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.

单选题The classic semantic triangle reflects ______. A. the naming theory B. the conceptual view C. the contextualist view D. the behaviorist view

单选题According to the passage, the Justice and Defense Departments opposed the proposed revision of the Freedom of Information Act on the grounds that it______.

单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}} Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world's favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people were expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. "If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one," said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. "But in the last five years or so, when someone asks, 'Should I attempt to get an MBA?' The answer a lot more is: 'It depends.'" The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. , has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires "extremely disappointing" and said "MBAs want to move up too fast, they don't understand politics and people, and they aren't able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they're out looking for other jobs." The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA bas acquired an image of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a drive against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women's movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. "They don't get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business", said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin Management Consulting Firm.

单选题In defending the firework sale in US, the American Pyrotechnic Association argued______.

单选题 In 1911, Americans smoked almost 10 billion cigarettes. Sixty years later this number{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}700 billion.{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}this amazing increase, the demand for cigarettes in the United States is now{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}dropping. Since 1973, per capita cigarette{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}has decreased approximately I percent{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. According to some estimates, 90 percent of all cigarette smokers would like to cut down or quit smoking{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but that, of course, is not easy to do and{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}do not succeed. Smokers who try to "{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}the habit" may experience both physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms for several weeks. They may suffer, for example,{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}headaches, nausea, irritability, and an inability to concentrate. Some{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, such as drowsiness and craving (a strong desire for a cigarette), get even{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}after the first ten days. Most people continue to crave cigarettes for at least a month, and approximately one-fifth continue to{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}them for as many as five to nine years after they have{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. As the American people have become increasingly conscious of good{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}habits, their attitudes toward smoking have changed. Nonsmokers are demanding the right to{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}smokeless, nontoxic air, especially since recent studies have{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}that secondhand smoke, that is, the cigarette smoke in the air, is{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}dangerous.{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the demands of antismoking advocates are getting re-suits. Some cities, such as Eugene, Oregon, have already passed strict laws that re-quire restaurants to provide nonsmoking{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It seems that smoking is no longer considered{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}acceptable behavior by many in American society.

单选题In the sentence "what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right" ( Line 1, Para. 6 ),the writer means to show that ______.