单选题 Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child's individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life changes in general. Stress,such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children's characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame,anger,and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls' adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self- control,as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents' fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.

单选题Inflation has just exploded. The real problem is that we have an underlying rate of inflation—an impetus of wages chasing prices—of maybe 9 percent that is heading towards 10 percent. There also have been tremendous shocks in energy, food and housing prices, making it worse. By the end of the year, we will be in a situation where year in, year out, we can look forward to at least 10 percent inflation. And the question will be: How much worse will oil, food and housing prices make that? The situation has degenerated to the point that the only way to turn it around is to think of some very extreme changes in policy. A policy of gradualism, where you"re talking about a mild recession and another 1 to 2 million people unemployed, won"t make much difference. Postponing action just means that inflation presses further and is even more difficult to deal with. You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint. All the burden now is on monetary policy. We should shift to a much more restrictive revenue policy and an easier monetary policy. To be significant, the 1981 budget should be cut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed. That"s a major cut in government programs—and very hard to do. It"s impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living. So it means cuts across the board in every area—including the indexed programs, such as Social Security and food stamps. State and local-government revenue-sharing programs are another major candidate. You"ve also got to reopen the 1980 budget and cut that. Then I would favor wage and price controls to break the impetus of the wage-price interaction. In order to get quick results, I"d set the standard around 5 or 6 percent for both wages and prices. Basically, you"re aiming to cut the rate of inflation in half the first year. There would be no exceptions, but you would focus on large corporations and major labor settlements. For the special sectors where the big shocks have occurred, controls won"t work. Instead, you need additional policies in each one of those areas. There are no cheap or easy solutions to the inflation problem. My answer is to take all the things that everybody wants to do, and instead of choosing among them, do all of them. We"ve got to think in terms of a comprehensive program.

单选题The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator." In my fridgeless fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price. So most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

单选题The phrase "the latter" in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

单选题Most of us Americans have a vague, uneasy sense of wicked wastefulness. We throw out the never-opened pack of food that"s past its sell-by date before answering a call on the fourth mobile phone we have had in five years. We gaze around our living space groaning at the sheer quantity of little-used clothing, blocking it up like a blood clot in an arterial vein. Our despair is genuine at the way we are running out of the earth"s resources and at the fact that we have so much when two-thirds of the world"s population only just get enough to eat and drink. Yet we feel completely powerless to do anything about it, too busy, irritable and tired to focus on practical steps. For the problem goes even deeper than material wastefulness: We know we are wasting our time, our being, our lives. We have compromised in our choice of career, lovers, friends; we put on a face to meet the faces that we meet. Trapped in marketing characters, not only in our office politics but in our intimate relationships, too, we play too many games. Deep down, we know that it"s time to "get a fife", to stop being distracted by pointless consumerism, unreal relationships, and "Affluenza-infected" career ambitions. The first step to salvation is to understand how much it is not your fault. If you read Vance Packard"s 1958 book about the advertising industry, The Hidden Persuaders , it proves that long ago retailers were devising ways to deliberately deceive us into confusing mixed wants with true needs in order to keep the consumption bandwagon rolling. In recent years, manufacturers have intentionally speeded up the rate at which electronic goods become obsolescent and instead of the proper repair customer services that used to exist, there are merely expensive help-fines, When your toaster or printer or MP3 music device breaks down after only a year, it is no accident that there is no one who will repair them— "it"d cost more than buying a new one, love". So this is a selfish capitalist system which is designed to maximize profits through rapid turnover of "newer, better" goods that break down sooner and are designed to be irreparable. It"s not your fault! What you can do is withdraw as much as possible from the consumption game. Every time you are about to buy something ask yourself, "do I need this, or do I just Want it?"

单选题 Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is driven primarily by advances in information technology, but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution. To anticipate developments in this field, the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at the start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey — in 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 — giving us a wealth of data and experience. We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades. Time horizons play a crucial role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research, while those more than 30 or 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a 10- to 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts. It is this time frame that our Forecast addresses. The Forecast uses diverse methods, including environmental scanning, trend analysis, Delphi surveys, and model building. Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies. Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for further study, and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feed- back and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus, we conduct another survey after an additional time period of about two years. Finally, the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates. For our latest survey conducted in 1996, we selected 85 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when (or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would happen, and the estimated size of the economic market for it. In short, we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually "emerged".

单选题

单选题Recently, people more concern about _________.

单选题Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. During the i980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed countries {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}solutions. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized countries. Industry in the developed countries is highly automated and very {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}workers are needed to {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}many countries do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}vocational and professional training. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, just to begin training, the students must {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}do not return home. All countries agree that science and technology {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}be shared. The point is: countries {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}the industrial processes of the developed countries need to look carefully {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}the costs, because many of these costs are {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Students from these countries should {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}the problems of the developed countries closely. {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}the benefits.

单选题How many people in Southeast Asia have died of the deadly flu earlier this year?

单选题 The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago and decided it was not for you. The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers—there are, after all, about 100 million of them, work with them, play with them, and get along with them very well. And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you are open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers—or you wouldn't be reading this. And those three things make you incredibly important today. Because they mean that yours is the voice—not the smokers' and not the antismokers' —that will determine how much of the society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific re search on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmokers as well as the smokers. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly-contributed dollar on education (much of it in antismoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research. There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even those who may serve society. The antismoking wall-builders have to give them their due help to make us more keenly aware of choice. But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greater number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society's interests better by working together in mutual accommodation. Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society forward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions can.

单选题{{I}} Questions 11～13 are based on the following talk about an unusual flight experience. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11～13.{{/I}}

单选题