单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly recreates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of ail time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real life. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office. Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men: In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affelck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale). The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic. And the jaw dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's 40 minute recreation of Dec. 7,1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says.he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies shot their ship sinking scenes at the same location: Fox Studios Baja in Mexico. Harbor's makers have even taken a Titanic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song, There You'll Be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also had only one pop song: Celine Dion's My Heart Will Go On. "If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance action material," says a critic.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I don't know the word for "ribbons", so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said "Beautiful". She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn't sure if she understood me (I don't speak Laotian very well). I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn't make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy. The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn't, of course. I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me! There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as ff I could make up for all the months that I didn't cry.

单选题The author mention that Put in administration initially seemed determined to discount somepossible reasons because it______.

单选题To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights, movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals — no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way — in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as mew treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and ac- quire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research com- munity should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry Will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

单选题 Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. What do you do to {{U}}(21) {{/U}} care of the books in your library? Some of the most collectors {{U}}(22) {{/U}} to read the books in their collection; {{U}}(23) {{/U}} the books remain in mint {{U}}(24) {{/U}}. Others buy two copies of a book; they {{U}}(25) {{/U}} one, and leave the other untouched. Many readers must read their books, {{U}}(26) {{/U}} they still want to protect and care for the volumes. Here are some tips to remember {{U}}(27) {{/U}} you want your books to remain in good condition. Firstly, avoid Writing. You may have been told to {{U}}(28) {{/U}} in the margins of your books, or even to underline or highlight words, phrases, and paragraphs. But, if you plan to {{U}}(29) {{/U}} the book, add it to your library, or even sell it -- don't write in the book. The ink permanently damages your book. Use a journal or notebook to take {{U}}(30) {{/U}} on pages or use pieces of paper or Post-It notes. If you are {{U}}(31) {{/U}} to write in your book, use a pencil, and erase the markings. Secondly, avoid Food and Drink. Food and Liquids which are hazards to your books. The best practice is to avoid eating or drinking {{U}}(32) {{/U}} you read. If you need to read while you eat, make sure your fingers are clean and dry as you hold the book or turn the pages. Also, {{U}}(33) {{/U}} the book away from the food and drink. Check the table or other surfaces for water, crumbs, and stickiness {{U}}(34) {{/U}} you put your book {{U}}(35) {{/U}}. Finally, take care. When you handle your book, hold it {{U}}(36) {{/U}} care. When you read the book, don't {{U}}(37) {{/U}} down the corners of the pages and use a bookmark instead. Don't fold the {{U}}(38) {{/U}} of the book back. Don't break the binding; and don't {{U}}(39) {{/U}} your book with the book {{U}}(40) {{/U}}, face-down. Use a book cover to keep your books in the best condition.

单选题If the Federation of American Scientists made a list of educational video games, you might expect to find Oregon Trai, the Story of Conestoga Wagons Trekking into the American West, or the geography favorite Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiegol? And don't forget Half-Life 2. That's the one where you burn alien zombies to death with exploding barrels of fuel. OK, that's exaggerating—but only a little. Where parents see hours wasted in front of a screen, these scientists see potential. An FAS study released this week, titled "Harnessing the Power of Video Games for Learning," reports that best-selling games are built in surprisingly pedagogical ways. Players improve at their own pace. Beating a level requires experimentation, failure and learning from mistakes. Most new games can be played online, requiring collaboration and leadership. Game play is precisely calibrated to balance challenge and progress. It's a stark contrast to a typical classroom in which one teacher tries to engage 30 students with printed information. "It's like hiring an individual tutor for every student," says FAS president Henry Kelly of using video games to teach. "There's a big argument going on now about whether kids are being tested too much or too little. In a game, you're continuously being tested and you don't mind it." Some commercial games are already being used in the classroom. The Civilization series lets users build empires in ancient Persia and other historical periods, and Roller Coaster Tycnon, Where players construct a theme park, combines physics and business management. And the U. S. military makes extensive use of video simulations: the Army reports 7.6 million users have registered for America's Army, a training and recruiting game. The report calls for a new generation of educational games that are as immersive and graphics-intensive as megabudget titles like Madden NFL 07 and Battlefield 2142. "When you show a child a traditional educational game, they'll roll their eyes," says Kay Howell, a coauthor of the study. "But I don't think they roll their eyes because it's learning; I think it's because there's such a huge and obvious gap in quality compared to what they play at home." The federal government, she says, should close that gap by under-writing new game-publishing houses. But some educational observers find the video game recommendations too unorthodox. "This is really silly," says Chester E. Finn, president of the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, a K-12 education research group in Washington. "Are they next going to propose government-funded studies of the educational value of comic books, reality TV shows and instant messaging?" Other critics contend the report's recommendations shouldn't be seen as a cure all. "We think it's a good idea that this stuff is being explored," says Chad Colby, a spokesman for the Department of Education. "People do tend to look at these things as silver bullets, or a fix in themselves, when it's really one tool out of many." The larger problem with the federation's ideas, Colby says, is a lack of familiarity with how education funding works: only 8.3 percent of the country's total education budget comes from the federal government, and most of that is targeted toward students in poverty. The study's recommendations might be hard to implement: not all school districts have computers and networks capable of running high-end games. The FAS report calls for the production of games that can be Web-based and downloadable to PCs, but it might be less expensive to design games for the established consoles that many families already have at home. "These are technologies that kids and young adults are living with every day of their lives," says Howell. "Why do we expect?/

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} In the 1960s the West Coast became an important center for rock music. Los Angeles and Southern California are famous for sunshine and surfing. There, a quieter kind of rock called surf rock became famous. The Beach Boys sang songs like "Surfin' U. S. A.", "California Girls" and "Fun, Fun, Fun". These songs made people dream about the good life in California. San Francisco was a center for young people and rock music in the late 1960s. This was the time of the Vietnam War, student protest, hippies, and drugs. Hippies talked about love and peace. They wore brightly colored clothes and had long hair. They listened to rock and folk-rock music. Drugs were a serious problem during that time. The deaths of three young rock stars, Janis Jopling, Jim Morrison and the great guitar player Jim Hendrix were all related to drugs. Not all of the rock musicians came from California or the U. S. A.. That was the time of the great British rock groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. British rock musicians had a very important place in the rock music of the 1960s in America. Another kind of softer rock music was created by the singers. Singers like Joni Mitchell and James Taylor wrote their own lyrics and their own music. Their songs were about love and friendship, good and bad times. In the 1960s big rock concerts were very welcomed by everyone. The most famous concert was Woodstock. In 1969 in New York State, a million young people came together to hear the rock stars. This peaceful Woodstock concert was the most important musical event of the 1960s. After World War Ⅱ a great number of black people moved from the South to the big industrial cities like New York, Detroit, and Philadelphia. Many black people lived in poor parts of the city such as Harlem in New York. Musicians wrote and sang about life in the big cities. Life was difficult but music and dancing made it a little easier. Popular black music had a strong beat for dancing. At first this music was called rhythm and blues. The 1960s called it soul. In Detroit, a black musician named Berry Gordy set up an all black record company. It was called Motown. Motown or motor town is another name for Detroit, where cars are made. Most of the famous soul musicians like the Supremes, the Temptations, and the Jackson Five recorded with Motown.

单选题Although many governments try to convince their respective subjects that atomic energy is an acceptable alternative (21) the burning of fossil fuels, no government has taken the least trouble to explain the dangers. Maybe they are (22) them. (23) the reason, the public must learn by experience, even though this (24) may be catastrophic. While it is true that nuclear reactors do not produce visible smoke, it is certainly not (25) that they do not pollute. And the pollution they produce is much more insidious precisely because it is (26) . (27) inconvenient it may be for governments to publish all the facts, they have no moral excuse for not doing so, (28) they think they are acting in our best interest. At least some of the facts are known, even though they are not widely reported. Nuclear reactors produce radioactive water and gases in vast (29) . What (30) all this waste? It is (31) concrete tanks and stored on tank farms. It is (32) in disused salt mines. It is run into fractured rock. It is buried. It is (33) about in special trains. But even when dumped, it has to be kept (34) by sprinklers to stop it from boiling. And the contents of the tanks are, of course, extremely corrosive. The efforts of a fracture in the tank or a failure of the cooling system would be (35) . While every effort is made to (36) that radioactive wastes do not escape into the sea or (37) supplies of drinking water, such a leakage would be too horrible (38) contemplate. But even then, governments would, presumably continue to belittle the hazards. It seems that (39) governments can get away with not telling the truth, they will continue to keep silent. Nevertheless the people (40) to know the full facts. Do you know what happens to the radioactive waste in your country? No? Well—find out!

单选题 It is easy to say letters are a (n){{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}way for family members to{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}in touch when the children{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}schools and jobs or{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}families of their own. But what if you think letter writing is not your strong point? And your long-distance phone bill{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}a national debt? Here are some advisable thoughts: Begin a post-card exchange. The message space is small but{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}is the{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}of home that counts. And it can be{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Cards{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}from the silly to the poetic; from seasonal scenes to famous paintings from art museums. Operate a clipping service. Envelopes{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}with news items and cartoons are a welcome sight at mail call. Watch newspapers and magazines for articles that amuse or inform. You might{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}a few brief comments in a note--soon you might be writing a whole letter. A daughter found a story about the joys (and hazards) of wallpapering a room and sent it to her mother with a written{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}of her childhood memories of that experience in their own household. She discovered letter writing was easy when she{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}her own experience. Send greeting cards which say "thinking of you." Busy young people find this an especially helpful way to fill the spaces between long, catching-up-to-news-letters. Use little note papers instead of lettersheet. Again, the writing space is small, but your thoughtfulness will be appreciated. Some organizations sell cards and notepapers as fund-raisers; for example, UNICEF{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}money for the United Nations Children Fund with all-occasion cards and stationery designed by famous artists world-wide. This enables your message to do double to contact a loved one with{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}to a cause. Send mementos from things you do. A theater program, a movie review from the newspaper--they can put into words that you want to say. Begin a photo-of-the-month exchange.{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}the family album or take pictures of family faces and places. A mother sent her son of his childhood photos and found herself writing memories she had never shared. Her son, deeply{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, replied: "Send me more of my life history." Keep a{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. An executive wrote a paragraph a day before leaving his office and{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}the paragraphs at the end of the week to his daughter. "At first it was pretty mundane," he said, "but soon I was looking for interesting things to write about and it became a real dialogue between us." Remember, it is not a skill with words that{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}; it is the sight of an envelope from a family member.

单选题As the new economy has cooled, there has Been a steady drumbeat of layoff announcements. More than 36,000 dotcom employees were cut in the second half of last year, including some 10,000 last month. But th6 firings went well beyond dotcomland. There were more than 480,000 layoffs through November. General Motors is laying off 15,000 workers with the closing of Oldsmobile. Whirlpool is trimming 6,300 workers; Aetna is letting go 5,000. The remarkable thing is that US unemployment has so far stayed strikingly low. While the NASDAQ plunged and growth trailed off last year, the unemployment rate fluctuated between 3.9% and 4.1%. That pales compared with the unemployment rates during Old Economy dark years like 1992 (7.5%) and 1982 (9.7%). And it gives the lie to an Old Economy article of faith--that there was a "natural rate of unemployment below which the economy could not operate without spurring inflation". The supposed natural rate: just under 6%. How to account for the strong jobs picture? In part it's because of the tight labor market of the New Economy. Employers fought hard during the expansion to recruit and retain skilled workers. They are not looking to slash their payrolls unless they think a major recession is coming--because they know how much time and effort went into building their work forces. There is also more worker "churning" going on. Employees are losing their jobs for economic reasons, but they're generally finding new work quickly. The latest rite of the Internet world is the "pink-slip party" for those just let go. Dotcommers go to commiserate and often come away with new job offers. Job churning makes the economy more efficient: it directs workers to the positions where they are most useful. But it comes at some psychic cost to employees and weakens the social fabric. Workers who shift from job to job do not have the security, or form the same workplace bonds, which corporate long-timers did in the Old Economy.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of non-human animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rainforest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only' because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures.9 Or is there more to it. than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures. Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate.. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own. provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of. say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come. The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously over-crowded. This may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare — the average multiplied by the number of people — is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counter-intuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.

单选题Why did the captain's "night writing" excite Braille?

单选题 Every business has trouble sooner or later, and it is the chief executive officer's responsibility to set things right. Good executives{{U}} (21) {{/U}}themselves in touch with their companies — they know what is going on at every level. Yes, they delegate,{{U}} (22) {{/U}}they also follow up to make certain{{U}} (23) {{/U}}each delegated task has been completed. No major{{U}} (24) {{/U}}should be made in a company{{U}} (25) {{/U}}the president's knowledge. Even though the president or CEO is{{U}} (26) {{/U}}responsible for the failure or success of his company, a smart CEO{{U}} (27) {{/U}}himself with competent workers at all levels, especially{{U}} (28) {{/U}}the administrative level. He then consults with his executives and supervisors{{U}} (29) {{/U}}he has to make an important decision. He{{U}} (30) {{/U}}their input and creates an open atmosphere where all may feel comfortable to share{{U}} (31) {{/U}}ideas. By{{U}} (32) {{/U}}this practice, a president knows that when a decision has been made, his administrators will feel{{U}} (33) {{/U}}they have had a part in it, or at least they will understand{{U}} (34) {{/U}}the decision was made. He can then{{U}} (35) {{/U}}them to support the decision at their level. {{U}} (36) {{/U}}is considered poor practice for an administrator to{{U}} (37) {{/U}}about an executive decision after it has been discussed openly and decided upon in committee. The time to{{U}} (38) {{/U}}disagreement is during committee discussion or with the president privately. Publicly, an administrator is expected to support the president{{U}} (39) {{/U}}the company has become involved in an illegal activity. Americans consider this public support{{U}} (40) {{/U}}form of professional behavior.

单选题Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon?

单选题What is the passage mainly concerned about?

单选题"The finding” in the second paragraph refers to______.

单选题It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of