单选题{{B}}Part B{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. We've all had to start conversations that we dreaded having -- everything from asking for a raise to asking for a divorce to asking for help with the laundry. These strategies help the conversation go more smoothly. 61) {{U}}Let's say you need to call a friend whom you haven't seen in a few years to ask for a favor.{{/U}} Don't chat and chat, then casually mention the favor at the end. You're not going to fool him about why you called. It's better to say something like, "It's so great to talk to you. I really want to catch up and hear everything that's been going on for the last few years, but first, I have to tell you the reason I called. " Otherwise, the person on the other end tends to feel wary and distracted. 62) {{U}}If you have to talk about some sort of dishonesty or bad service, work yourself into a mild state of mind.{{/U}} Explain the situation in a straightforward way. Joke around. Show that you're a reasonable person. This is obvious, but picks your moment. Look for a moment of calm, lack of interruption, and physical comfort. 63) {{U}}Also, if the conversation will be particularly painful to the other person, choose circumstances that are the most comfortable for him or her, not for you.{{/U}} Sometimes, you should wait; you might get a better result. Think about why the subject is difficult for you. Do you hate to talk about money? Are you afraid of someone? Are you worried about damaging a relationship? One of the most helpful of the commandments is "Identify the problem". 64) {{U}}If you examine why you're dreading a particular conversation, you might be able to deal with it in a different way.{{/U}} Write a note instead of having a conversation. When writing, you can pick your words exactly, and by communicating that way, you allow the other person to react privately, with time for reflection. Or you can write a note alerting the person to the fact that a painful conversation is necessary. It sounds simplistic, but if you know you're going to broach a difficult subject on a particular day, get plenty of sleep and exercise in the period before. Feeling energetic, well-rested, and calm in body will put you in better spirits. Obviously, the tips aren't universally applicable. You wouldn't take notes when confronting your teenager and you wouldn't bring your spouse to your performance review. 65) {{U}}But by thinking constructively about how to broach a difficult subject, you might make it less painful and more productive, for everyone.{{/U}}

单选题Predictions of many robots in industry have yet come true. For ten years or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The maker for (21) robots is over-supplied now, and the driving force of the robotics revolution is (22) to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most. "Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty (23) finding customers. They are offering big (24) just to get in the door. There has been a (25) growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we admit we are either deceiving (26) or that the market is slowly growing." said John Reekie, chairman of Colen Robotics. "The following things must happen (27) the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy, (28) there has been a computer (29) program. There must be a robot policy. Finally, some kind of (30) intelligence needs to be (31) ." Colen makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small (32) with companies like ASEA or Fujitsu Fanuc. But Galen with others and departments in universities such as Surrey, Manchester, and Durham possess an advantage (33) the giants. The big companies sell very expensive (34) to businesses with expert knowledge in automation. The (35) companies make robots for teaching people, and now they have realized that there is a need for small. (36) robots that they can meet. The little companies either bring their educational machines (37) an industrial standard or design from the start. One technique that they all adopt is to choose (38) components where possible. The major cost of making (39) their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is (40) scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The sue of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.

单选题Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain's physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. "That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to with stand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. "Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said." People lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood." There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss. Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. For example, Coffey's team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone's mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be "a proxy for many things". More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team's findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise." The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage)," he said. "My hunch is that we can." According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles. "A hot topic down the road," Coffey said, "will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline." Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown, In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with morn education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.

单选题 The age of gilded youth is over. Today's under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents. Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation. When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears. These findings are revealed in a study of the way how the ageing of Britain's population is affecting different generations. Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology at King's College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations. "Today's older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners, " she said. "They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings to care for them. " The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, today's under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home, it is more likely to be a flat than a house. Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of ￡13, 000. She now earns about ￡20, 000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets the lunge sofa-bed to her brother. "My father took pity and paid off my student debts, " she said. "But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years-and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man. " Tinker's research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.

单选题The most famous of Cairo's sights is ______.

单选题After age of 40, ______.

单选题As one of the biggest restaurants in the world, McDonald"s origination and development has been a miracle in this field. The McDonald"s story began in 1954 in San Bernardino, California. At first, the restaurant is run by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald. It didn"t go very well at first; at one time it was nearly closed. However, the two brothers insisted on and overcame the difficulties, and made it turn for the better day by day. Ray Kroc, a milk shake machine salesman, saw the massive potential of the brothers" business and decided to get involved. He purchased the rights from the brothers, on April 15th, 1955. He became the McDonald brothers" first franchisee when he opened his own McDonald"s restaurant in Des Plaines, a suburb just north of Chicago. The entry of Ray Kroc into the business contributed to the development in the history of McDonald"s. He bought the rights to expand the McDonald"s concept outside of California and Arizona, and quickly built the restaurant chain and by 1959 over 100 restaurants were in operation. What is the secret of Ray Kroc? As a matter of fact, the restaurant was a favor for many of the local teens at first and the menu was primarily barbeque items. Eight years later, the restaurant was closed for several months as it was renovated to become a restaurant that served food and was easy to prepare and served quickly. The food was very limited including Hamburgers, French fries and cold drinks. The employees prided themselves on creating an assembly line type of food preparation and being speedy in getting their food to the customers. The very basic step paved the path to glory. It separated McDonald"s from the rest of the competitors and attributes to their great success. The restaurant proved to be an instant success. By 1984, McDonald"s served 17 million customers a day that was equivalent to serving lunch to the entire population of Australia and New Zealand. Today, McDonald"s becomes one of the most famous and successful "fast food" chain in America and the world. McDonald"s restaurants are now located in 31,000 locations all over the world, and the company employs more than 1.5 million people. Just have a look at its development in UK. In September 2004 the UK companyowned restaurants employed 43,491 people: 40,699 hourly paid restaurant employees, 2,292 restaurant managers, and 500 office staff. McDonald"s franchisees employed a further 25,000 people.

单选题From what the author said in Para. 1, it can be inferred that______.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} Some people ought to defend the workaholic. These people are unjustly accused, abused, and defamed -- often termed sick or morbid or on the border of pathology. About 30% of American business and commerce is carried on the shoulders of workaholics. The ratio might exist in art and science too. Workaholics are the achievers, the excelers. There is a national conspiracy against excellence and undue admiration of commonness and mediocrity. It is as if we are against those who make uncommon sacrifices because they enjoy doing something. Some famous psychologists say that the workaholic has an inferiority complex which leads to overcompensation. This is certainly not the case. Inferiority, or low esteem, describes laziness more accurately than it describes dedication. We do not seem to realize that very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud all had single-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including family and friendship. The accusation is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses. But guilt can exist in the balanced life also. Think how many "normal" people and middle-ages who have never done anything well -- they are going to settle for less than what they could have become.