单选题Text 4 Queuing is nothing special in Japan. Every day, television programs show long lines of people queuing for up to one hour even in front of regular noodle shops, only to finish their food within less than ten minutes. Why Japanese people queue so often? Do they love it? Probably they do. According to Japanese people, just like an excessively high price can evoke an image of equally high quality, long waiting lines act as an indicator for popularity, reduce availability and increase the subjective value of a good. Thus, for many Japanese customers, waiting lines are probably the most effective advertisement. For example, in an article published in The Japan Times in summer 2007, a Japanese woman confessed that she enjoyed queuing outside shops and restaurants and that she usually joined the line before asking the person in front of her what kind of product was sold. Standing in line also increases and extends anticipation until—yatto! (finally!)—patience is rewarded with the desired product. But when taken to an extreme level, the product one is actually queuing for ceases to be of any importance at all. There are also some customers who are unable to queue or who are unwilling to wait, thinking it's a waste of time queuing in a line. What could they do? They can rent a queuer who will stand in line and purchase the desired product for them. Obviously, this service is not free of charge. Some service companies who offer all kinds of unusual service provide rentable "queuers" . What's more, in addition to providing queuers to individuals, the service companies also provide queuers to some shops to increase the image of a hard-to-get product and make customers want to join the line by forming or extending lines. Therefore, waiting lines have become a marketing tool and it would not be surprising to find professional queuers in a line. Some people view it a pure speculation, but they can't deny that it really works and the wage of a few professional queuers to keep the line in shape would be a minor investment compared with what would happen if the queue suddenly disappeared. However, success is not always guaranteed because the attractiveness of waiting in line can easily backfire if the desired product does not meet expectations.

单选题The experiments in giving the virus to animals proved that this type of influenza was easy to catch ______.

单选题 Questions 11～13 are based on a story about a man and his pet bird. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11～13.

单选题 {{I}} Questions 14--16 are based on the following monologue about Marco Polo's life as a traveller. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.{{/I}}

单选题______ the Internet is bridging the distance between people, it may also break some families or cause other family problems. A. While B. If C. When D. Since

单选题The GOOD HEALTH SYMPOSIUM A Recipe for Balanced Living 09:30 — 17:15, SATURDAY 19th APRIL COMMONWEALTH INSTITUTE THEATRE. Kensington High Street TICKETS — ￡2.50 (￡1.50 students/non-wage earners) 09:30 Arrivals and refreshments 10:00 REDUCE CORONARY RISK BY BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION Dr Chundra Patel 10:50 WHAT WERE PEOPLE PROGRAMMED TO EAT? Dr David Ryde 11:40 LEARNING TO COPE WITH STRESS Donald Norfolk 12:30 Lunch (Buffet vegetarian lunches will be available at ￡2.00. per head.) 14:00 OUR HEALTH IN OUR HANDS Dr Denis Burkitt 14:50 EAT, DRINK AND BE WORRIED Dr Erik Millstone 15:40 Tea 16:20 HOMEOPATHY AND NUTRITION DrAndrew Lockie 17:10 Dr Alan Long will conclude the symposium. There will be time after each lecture for discussion and questions. For details of speakers please see opposite. Organised by The Vegetarian Society DETAILS OF SPEAKERS DR CHANDRA PATEL is a senior clinical lecturer in the Department of Community Medicine, University of also a founder member of the British Holistic Medical Association (BHMA). DR DAVID RYDE has had over 30 years in general practice. He is an expert on obesity and weight loss. DONALD NORFOLK is an osteopath and the author of "Fit for Life" and "The Stress Factor". He has appeared on TV and radio. DR DENIS BURKITT is a foremost medical epidemiologist and a world expert on the importance of fibre in the diet. DR ERIK MIL LSTONE is a lecturer in Science Studies at the University of Sussex. He is a nationally-known expert on food additives and labelling. DR ANDREW LOCKIE is medical homeopath and labelling. DR ALAN LONG who will conclude the symposium, is an Hon. Research Advisor to the Vegetarian Society. There will be a large display of books on health and vegetarian cookery at the event. ADVANCE TICKETS — available from: "Good Health" Symposium, Vegetarian Centre & Bookshop. 53 Marloes Road, Kensington, London W86 LA Please enclose SAE and cheque / P.O. for correct amount Including ￡2 for advance lunch ticket (if required).

单选题There are many medical problems in the modern society. One of the most alarming medical problems in the world is a (21) disease named HIV virus. This kind of virus is first (22) twenty years ago. It weakens the body and develops fully blown AIDS. AIDS is not obvious in the early stage. Sometimes symptoms occur within a few weeks after (23) . They are often flu-like, such as (24) , fever, headache, diarrhea and night sweats. The three main (25) routes of HIV are sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids or tissues and from mother to (26) or child during perinatal period. This kind of virus can always (27) some families apart. People's first (28) is a denial about their loved one's condition. HIV positive people are those who have tested positive for the virus. (29) they are related to conditions that are far less serious than HIV, they can only be treated when potential patients are (30) of the risk of infection. They choose to deal with the risk instead of avoiding of it. (31) tests are the best way to monitor HIV because they can slow the progress of the virus (32) time. But we have to admit that it is no longer associated (33) death immediately, but drugs are not (34) . Doctors (35) HIV positive people to have regular tests to monitor the progress of the disease. By now there is still not successful vaccination against HIV, so much effort has been (36) mainly on educating the public about (37) HIV is passed on. In addition, more emphasis is contributed to introduce to the citizens about personal measures that (38) the risk of infection. "We are concerned about these individuals, because we know that early treatment can help (39) their life and ensure that they do not (40) others, including their newborn children. " Dr Donald Gelhorn (president of the College of Family Physicians of Canada) says.

单选题Which of the following descriptive adjectives can be used to best describe the personality of Ramos?

单选题 Questions 17～20 are based on a radio interview about divorce. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17～20.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays--not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry' s and our recognition that protecting mankind' s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.

单选题A parent with a child carrying a musical instrument or a drawing board walking along a Beijing subway platform or street is a familiar sight on weekends. They are on the way to training schools. Education of their children has become the most important responsibility of parents who were sent to rural areas for "re-education" during the "Cultural Revolution" from 1966 to 1976. They lost the chance for university education and now hope their children can receive a better education than they did. As a result, these people now in their forties expose their little children to early training so that they can enter a prestigious school. The parents imagine a road to success: from excellent primary and middle schools to an elite university and then to a good job. On average, they may spend about 100 yuan a month on their children's education. And what results have these parents obtained? Most of them feel that the large investment has failed to lead to rapid progress in their children's study. "We seem to be throwing our money away," said one parent. However, many parents still think that spending more on their children's schooling will result in high scores. These parents have also introduced a "contract system", which offers rewards for good school grades. More than 80% of parents in families in Chengdu have signed contracts with their children, according to the Consumers" Times. The paper notes that the heavy pressure put on children to perform well at school has resulted in a decline in children's health. The parents' investment in their children also includes hiring tutors. A survey of 250 students in Xuzhou found that 10% of their parents hired tutors. The pay for one tutorial hour is three yuan. Liberation Daily commented that these parents have too high expectations of their children. According to the article, "They are trying to help the young plants grow by pulling them upwards." They ignore their children's psychology and perhaps will damage the real talents the children possess.

单选题 {{I}}Questions 17—20 are based on the following monologue about Peter. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.{{/I}}

单选题Questions 14—16 are based on the following passage about education in the United States. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14—16.

单选题 Questions 14--16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.