单选题 Questions 14 ～ 16 are based on the following conversation. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 ～ 16.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} A finding in recent years shows that men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. Because they do not breathe as often as women, men also need more oxygen. But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to another risk. They draw more of the air when it is polluted. Men's bones are larger than women's and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. A man has broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which makes him stride out with no waste motion. A woman's wider pelvis, designed for childbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of jiggle and sway as she walks. If you think a man is brave because he can climb a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, don't forget it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman's thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing difficult for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling. A man's skin is thicker than a woman's and not nearly as soft. This prevents the sun's radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible fur coat to keep a woman warmer in the winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. Because the fat layer helps insulate them against heat. Men's fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. 41 percent of a man's body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means that men have more muscle power. When we mention strength, almost 90 percent of a man's weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman's weight. The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man wants to loss weight, the pounds roll off much faster. For all men's muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women's nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack. Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} Smog is something combined by smoke and fog. London is always known for its "black fogs". In the winter of 1952, a milky white fog rolled into the city. It soon turned into black smog as the smoke of the city poured into the air. When it was over, more than 4,000 people had been killed by the thick black smog. New York City has had several London type smog since 1950. Each time there were from 100 to 400 deaths caused by the smog. In all the killer smog, factories and homes poured smoke and fumes into the air from the furnaces. The chemical fumes combined with the water-droplets in the fog to form harmful substances. These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air. Usually, such harmful fumes rise into the upper air and are blown away by the wind. But sometimes, there is an unusual weather condition called a temperature inversion. A layer of cold air remains near the ground as smoke and fumes pour into it. This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid. It prevents the polluted cooler air rising. The harmful fumes piles up and make people iii. These fumes contain sulfur dioxide, soot particles, and other chemicals. The smog may be so thick that airports are closed and chains of collisions occur on the highways. Another type of smog occurs in Los Angeles. Here the weather may be clear and sunny, but stinging eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air. The smog is due to invisible gases, mostly from automobile exhausts. Because these chemicals are changed by the sun up in the air, Los Angeles smog is called Photochemical smog. It contains automobile exhaust fumes and nitrogen oxides changed by the sun' s rays. Added to these are sulfur dioxide and other fumes from factories of oil refineries. Photochemical smog is found in many large cities all over the world. Killer smog doesn' t happen very often, fortunately. But in many large cities, a combination of automobiles exhaust fumes, home furnace smoke, and factory waste gases pours into the air. This may also happen in the suburbs in the country, where large factories have been built. A number of harmful substances have affected the health of the population.

单选题According to the passage the following statements can convey a certain kind of information except ______.

单选题The best title for this passage is likely to be

单选题Everyone, it seems, has a health problem. After pouring billions into the National Health Service, British people moan about dirty hospitals, long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country's lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income. But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford's announcement this week that it would cut up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of its "legacy" health-care costs as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers will crush the government's finances, George Bush is expected to unveil a reform plan in next week's state-of-the-union address. America's health system is unlike any other. The United States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $ 6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly. This curious hybrid certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans' bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development (RD) for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited—especially by foreigners—is the army of uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and, if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures, 30% of American health spending is wasted. Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the "so-cialized medicine" of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is done privately, around 60% of America's health-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already spends as much on health as the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) average, and that share is set to grow as the baby-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage. America is, in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default.

单选题The author compare the ocean bottom to a "frontier" in paragraph 1 because it______.

单选题Bacteria are microscopic organisms which live on the surface of objects. They are one of the most ancient living things, which exist on this planet for nearly 4,000 million years. Do you know the size of bacteria? It can only be measured in microns. Maybe you have not a standard in your mind how long a micron is. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter, which equals about the diameter of a pinhead. Therefore, even if we enlarged the rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would only be the size of a pinhead. We barely see bacteria by a magnification an ordinary microscope of 100 times, even if we try, we cannot make out anything of their structure. There are normally millions of them together, for they can multiply really fast. Scientists have found that some bacteria have attached to wavy-looking "hairs" called flagella. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. They are active all the time. Even the bacteria without flagella often bound about in the water. They are pushed here and there, colliding with the watery molecules. Bacteria cannot be detected because they don"t produce bad odor or change the color or texture of the food. Therefore, when people eat the food with many bacteria, they are likely to get hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis and a host of other illnesses. Many households have refrigerators to prevent from bacteria. Of course, freezing food slows or stops the growth of bacteria, however, when food is thawed, the bacteria will become reactivated. Bacteria can not be totally destroyed before the food is thoroughly cooked. We need to know that not all bacteria are in connection with illness. Just some bacteria can cause disease. They are called pathogenic bacteria. Fortunately our immune system can protect us from them. Bacteria are prokaryotes ( single cells that do not contain a nucleus). It may seem weird to classify organisms according to such details, but with or without a nucleus is not trivial at all. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (all organisms with a nucleus inside their cells) is of extreme importance in biology, and is the result of a major evolutionary breakthrough. Visit our program tomorrow if you want to know more, thank you.

单选题The farmers are getting ready ______ the next year. A. for B. in C. to

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单选题There are______books in the library. [A] thousands [B] thousands of [C] thousand

单选题Questions 18—20 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 18—20.

单选题 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own.{{U}} (21) {{/U}}the turn of the century when jazz (爵士乐) was born, America had no prominent{{U}} (22) {{/U}}of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was{{U}} (23) {{/U}}, or by whom. But it began to be{{U}} (24) {{/U}}in the early 1900s. Jazz is America's contribution to{{U}} (25) {{/U}}music. In contrast to classical music, which{{U}} (26) {{/U}}formal European traditions. Jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, {{U}}27 {{/U}}moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz{{U}} (28) {{/U}}like America. And{{U}} (29) {{/U}}it does today. The{{U}} (30) {{/U}}of this music are as interesting as the music{{U}} (31) {{/U}}, American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz{{U}} (32) {{/U}}. They were brought to the Southern states {{U}}(33) {{/U}}slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long{{U}} (34) {{/U}}. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives{{U}} (35) {{/U}}a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the{{U}} (36) {{/U}}. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion,{{U}} (37) {{/U}}on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their{{U}} (38) {{/U}}, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played{{U}} (39) {{/U}}music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes{{U}} (40) {{/U}}at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of Jazz.

单选题What is the nationality of the target readers?