单选题 Since the {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the National Environmental Policies Act in 1969, the United States Congress, legislature at the federal level, has {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}a series of laws designed to prevent the air and water pollution and to {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}noise. At the same time, legislatures at the state {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}have also been active in this area, and many states have laws that are similar to the federal laws. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}},a state law must not conflict with a federal {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}or {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce. The city of Burbank in California adopted an ordinance {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}the nighttime takeoffs of jet aircraft between 10 p.m and 7 a.m. Lockheed owned and operated the Burbank Airport. It {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}Brubank to prevent the enforcement of the ordinance. The judgment is {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}Lockheed. The federal government of the United States has passed laws {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}aviation and noise in the federal Aviation Act of 1958 and the Noise Control Act of ]972. Such legislation preempted the field and {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}state action, because {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}regulations would place an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce. If each airport had its own landing time {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}, it would be very difficult to plan flights. Moreover the bunching of flights to {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}local curfews would produce even greater noise and would increase the danger of {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}by increasing traffic {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}. From the nature of aviation {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, a single national control was essential. As a local regulation, the {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}prohibiting nighttime takeoffs adopted by the City of Burbank was {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}declared illegal.

单选题The author mentions the "stump speech" in paragraph 2 as an example of

单选题 Questions 14 ～ 16 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 ～ 16.

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) had found a new way to catch criminals by looking at their jeans. Scientists from the bureau reported at last week's meeting of the American academy of Forensic Sicences in San Francisco that every pair of blue jeans has a unique wear pattern. The FBI has already used this "bar code" to place a suspect at the scene of a crime. Richard Vorder Bruegge, a scientist at the FBI laboratory in Washington D.C., and his colleagues developed the technique while helping to identify suspects who were robbing banks and setting off bombs in Washington. In April 1996, one of the gang was caught on film. He was wearing a mask, but part of his trousers was visible. When the photograph was enlarged, Vorder Bruegge noticed light and dark lines running across the seam of the man's jeans. His seam found that the pattern originated from slight imperfections introduced when the trousers were made. Workers sew the seams by pushing the fabric through a machine, and the irregularity of that motion stretches and binds the fabric. The colored layer of cotton in the raised portion is worn away, creating white bands. The patches are more striking on jeans than other types of trousers because they are often allowed to become extremely worn, "People just keep wearing them," says Vorder Bruegge. The FBI analyzed the jeans of suspects in the Washington case. One pair had a pattern with over two dozen features that matched the jeans Vorder Bruegge's team photographed. At the trial, the defense called in a used jeans exporter as an expert witness who claimed the patterns were common to all jeans. He showed the court 34 similar pairs, but in each case the FBI could distinguish them from the accused. The suspect was convicted.

单选题The phrase "scale down "in Par

单选题 After a three-year survey of the social and behavioral sciences, a committee of the NRC has concluded that these sciences are losing out in the race for federal science funds. Between 1972 and 1978, federal support for the social and behavioral sciences fell 25 percent, while support for other areas of science rose 36 percent. "Psychological, social and cultural studies pertaining to virtually everything that people treat as a problem in our civilization," the committee writes, "play a large role. "Paradoxically, one would think these would be times when social science research would be riding high. Yet even though governments are more than alarmed about a variety of social problems, they are inclined to deal with them by trial and (often) error. The abuse of drugs is a widely-spread concern, but governments seem to concern themselves with the qualifications of teachers and their salaries. If we lack an adequate understanding of drug abuse and educational processes, are we flying blind attempting to deal with these behaviors.? What domains of your life could benefit from social and behavioral science research? For instance, are we concerned about crime? Consider that recent sociological research reveals that nearly half of all urban dwelling American males can expect to be arrested for some non-traffic offense during their lives. However, a very small group of career predators are responsible for a grossly disproportionate share of all crimes committed. What does this in sight suggest to you about American criminal justice and prison policies? Sociological work also shows that most criminals halt their careers by age 25 to 30. Does this finding have policy implication? If a 29-year-old burglar whose criminal career is nearly over is imprisoned for ten years, may many years of that imprisonment be wasted on expensive and unnecessary confinement?

单选题Questions 17-20 are based on an interview in a TV show.

单选题The author most likely places the word "civilized" in quotation marks (line 2, par

单选题Which fact mentioned in the text exemplifies "decay is compost for growth" well?

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单选题How much of the WHO's budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth?

单选题One reason why the outbreak of the disease was not discovered sooner was that ______.

单选题He was so deep in thought, thinking of the problem ______ he knocked into the tree without noticing it. A. when B. while C. that D. so

单选题From the text can see that the writer seems ______.