单选题Paragraph 2 mentions all of the following as necessary elements in the creation of steam caves EXCEPT ______.

单选题There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, the events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessor. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warming may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings, on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, not one will defend or excuse them. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.

单选题What does "that" in "I can't believe we've achieved that only to throw it away I favor... "(Para. 5) refer to?

单选题Which one of the following is not part of Apple's successful story?

单选题Paul Johnson"s A History Of The American People is what we have come to expect from this productive writer—clear, colorful narrative, vivid character sketches, marvelous research, sweeping, confident statements, and an insistent conservative viewpoint which tempts him into serious omissions. He will not conceal his opinions, he tells us. Good. Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivity—his or ours. Almost at start, we notice something interesting: Johnson passes quickly over a defining moment in American history—the Columbus story—important because it is the first lesson every American schoolchild learns. How you treat that story—what you choose to tell of it—signals your view of the longer American experience, reaching to our time. In school textbooks, Columbus has always been presented as a hero. Only recently has a new set of facts—always available but ignored—begun to get into public attention: that Columbus, on landing, and desperate for gold, encountered native Americans who were peaceful and generous ( by his own admission) and tortured them, kidnapped them, enslaved them, murdered them. Johnson, who goes into much detail about other matters (like Ronald Reagan"s jokes) is silent on this. Among his numerous references there is none to Bartolome de las Casas, an eyewitness, who described in detail the horrifying evils committed by Columbus and his fellowmen against the Indians, which resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped out— genocide is an appropriate term—by the year 1550. I suggest this is not an innocent omission. Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the United States. Yes, he says, there were "severe wrongs" committed in "the dispossession of a native people" and in the institution of slavery. But has the US, he asks at the start of his book, "made up for its organic sins"? His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has become (he says at the end) "a human achievement without parallel.., the first, best hope for the human race". Since Johnson has decided that the US is "the first, best hope for the human race", he has shaped its history accordingly. If we prefer to see that history as a complex and unfinished struggle of Americans for justice, against militarism, for economic, racial and sexual equality, we are badly served by a flattering admiration of those in power, pretending to be a history of "the people".

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单选题Questions 11-13 are based on the following conversation on transportation in 21st century.

单选题The author describes" America the Beautiful" as a song which is______.

单选题Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 1 it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 2 the workers in government offices who 3 our health, our food, our water, and all 4 things that we can not do for ourselves. By 5 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 6 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 7 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 8 , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer"s 9 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 10 people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 11 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or"duties". 12 , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 13 pay the duties, in the 14 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 15 things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 16 . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 17 is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 18 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 19 with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 20 arrangement.

单选题Davison knelt down close to the bottom of the basement stairs. He was saved for the moment by the thick fog which covered the street. Could the policemen be sure that he hadn"t turned round and run back into the main street? But they weren"t taking chances. Davison slowly went down the street as they searched all the doorways. There wasn"t a light on in the basement flat behind him. That alone was dangerous. The policemen were coming close but they wouldn"t expect to find him in an occupied flat. There was a notice on the door which said "No milk till Monday", he tore it down. He tried the door and found it was double locked. The footsteps came nearer very slowly. They must be searching thoroughly. He knew there was one chance because people were often careless, so he took out a knife, slipped it under the catch of the window and pushed upward until the window slid up. He climbed through quickly and fell on to a bed. He closed the window and turned on the light at once. He heard steps coming towards the front door. On no account must the place seem empty. He looked for an electric point, and quickly connected the radio and turned it on. Then he opened the door opposite and found himself in the bathroom. Somebody—it could only be a policeman—rang the doorbell. Luckily he found what he wanted in the bathroom cupboard straightaway—a razor, a stick of shaving soap and a towel. He tied the towel over his collar and managed to soap over his neat beard and the ugly scar on his chin fairly thickened before the bell rang again. Davison moved slowly to the front door and opened it. Two policemen stood outside and one of them had a dirty piece of paper in one hand. "We"ve just found this note, "he said. "As it says "No milk till Monday", I thought the flat might be empty and the light left on by mistake. " He looked at Davison carefully.

单选题 {{I}} Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.{{/I}}

单选题 It was not "the comet of the century" experts predicted it might be. However, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by an astronomer who was searching the sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten months before it passed the Earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of these predictions, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were very happy nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds—methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide—never before seen in comets, but found it the far reaches of interstellar space. This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnants from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane, key components of Jupiter, were seen in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze of space has kept them unchanged.

单选题Questions 17—20 are based on the following passage about a sad mother. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.

单选题A person becomes part of the Christian community through baptism — it is a matter of choice (21) birth. The Christian community is a gathered community (22) who believe that Jesus is the Christ and that they have salvation (23) . It is open to males and females of any age, race, or (24) . A Christian is normally affiliated with a particular parish or congregation that is (25) the care of a particular clergy-person A baptized person is usually (26) a Christian by all Christians everywhere: however, there may be some additional requirements to meet if a person (27) to a church of a different tradition. Giving money and goods needed by others (28) a part of Christian living. Some Christians engage in tithing, the (29) of 10 percent of their income to support the work of the church, (30) includes charitable services of those in need. Other Christians give smaller (31) of their income to the church but contribute either directly to those in need or to organizations that serve human beings or lower animals. Although some Christians believe the world will continue to become more evil until Christ returns to earth, (32) think that they (33) improve the world. Christian service to God means, (34) , not only charity to meet current needs but also altering institutions and structures of society in order to (35) poverty, illness, and injustices, For some Christians, the social implications of the gospel are almost as important as the religion. John Woolman visited the slaveholders in the United States to (36) them to free their slaves. Henry Ward Beecher openly supported a campaign to free all the slaves. Walter Rauschenbusch labored to improve living and working conditions for poor people in cities. Albert Schweitzer brought modern medicine to people in Africa. Martin Luther King used the (37) resistance methods (38) by Mohandas K. Gandhi to win recognition of civil right for black people of the United States. Mother Teresa worked to save abandoned children in Calcutta. These few examples give some idea of the (39) of activities (40) have fostered to improve the living conditions of their fellow humans.