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单选题Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one: you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answer. You will hear each piece only once. Questions 11-13 are based on a report about the post-graduation lives of those well-educated young eastern Germans. You now have 15 seconds to read Question 11--13.

单选题According to the passage, which of the following was probably true about copper in the colonies?

单选题In Amsterdam ( 阿姆斯特丹), there is an unusual Children Restaurant. It is run (经营) by children. From the manager to the cooks, waiters and other members are all children from six to twelve years old. They themselves do all the necessary work such as cooking and cleaning. These children are selected (挑选) in Amsterdam. After training (培训), they may work in the Restaurant for four weeks. All of them like their work. This restaurant was founded (创办) in 1983 by a woman cook, who wanted to give the children chances to learn to be useful to the public. And now she is the only adult (大人) there, but her job is just to take care of the children. The Restaurant is welcomed almost by everyone. Since there are only 20 seats in the Restaurant, it is always full of people. If you want to have a meal in the restaurant, you must tell them ahead of time (提前). The cost of a meal is different according to different people. Usually four dollars for each adult, but much cheaper for the children. And its business hours are only on Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons.

单选题Questions 17—20 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 17—20.

单选题 Read the following text. Choose the best word for or phrase each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cot D on ANSWER SHEET 1. The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage {{U}}(21) {{/U}} in the United States—about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people—is {{U}}(22) {{/U}} higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is {{U}}(23) {{/U}} as widespread as it was several decades ago. {{U}}(24) {{/U}} of American adults who are married {{U}}(25) {{/U}} from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried {{U}}(26) {{/U}} their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some {{U}}(27) {{/U}} in their lives. Experts {{U}}(28) {{/U}} that about the same proportion of today's young adults will eventually marry. The timing of marriage has varied {{U}}(29) {{/U}} over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the {{U}}(30) {{/U}} of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry {{U}}(31) {{/U}} the first time at an average of five years later than people {{U}}(32) {{/U}} in the 1950s. {{U}}(33) {{/U}} , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous {{U}}(34) {{/U}} in U. S. history. Today's later age of marriage is {{U}}(35) {{/U}} the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. {{U}}(36) {{/U}} , a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before {{U}}(37) {{/U}}. Experts do not agree on {{U}}(38) {{/U}} the "marriage rush" of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a {{U}}(39) {{/U}} to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic {{U}}(40) {{/U}} and war.

单选题According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?

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单选题American economists once spoofed university education as the only industry in which those who consume its product do not purchase it; those who produce it do not sell it, and those who finance it do not control it. That apt description, made in the 1970s, has been undermined since then by the emergence of the first for-profit universities in the United States. Controlled by entrepreneurs, these schools which number about 700 and counting sell a practical education to career-minded students and make a good buck doing it. They are now expanding abroad, creating the first multinational corporations in a sector long suspicious of balance sheets. The companies are lured by a booming market in which capitalist competition is still scarce. The number of university students is expected to double in the next 25 years to 170 million worldwide. Demand greatly exceeds supply, because the 1990s saw massive global investment in primary and secondary schools, but not in universities. The number of children enrolled in primary or secondary schools rose by 18 percent around the world—more than twice the rate of increase in any previous decade. Now these kids are often graduating from high school to find no openings in national universities, which nevertheless don't welcome for-profit competition. The Brazilian university teachers' union warned that foreign corporations would turn higher education into "a diploma industry". Critics raised the specter of declining quality and a loss of Brazil's "sovereign control" over education. For-profit universities met with similar suspicion when they first opened in the United States. By the 1980s they were regularly accused of offering substandard education and had to fight for acceptance and respect. Lately, they have flourished by catering to older students who aren't looking for keg parties, just a shortcut to a better career. For-profit colleges now attract 8 percent of four-year students in the United States, up from 3 percent a decade ago. By cutting out frills, including sports teams, student centers and summer vacation, these schools can operate with profit margins of 20 to 30 percent. In some countries, the American companies operate as they do at home. Apollo found an easy fit in Brazil, where few universities have dorms, students often take off time between high school and college, and there's no summer vacation—just two breaks in July and December. In other Latin countries, Sylvan has taken a different approach, buying traditional residential colleges like the Universidad del Valle de Mexico (UVM). It has boosted enrollment by adding and heavily advertising courses in career-track fields like business and engineering, and adding no-frills satellite campuses. Sensitive to the potential hostility against foreign buyers, Sylvan keeps original school names, adding its own brand, Sylvan International Universities, to publicity materials, and keeps tuition in line with local private schools. Most of the schools that Sylvan has purchased were managed by for-profits to begin with, including the prestigious Les Roches Hotel Management School in Switzerland. But in general, Says Urdan, Sylvan's targets "have not been run with world-class business practices. They're not distressed, but there's an opportunity for them to be better managed." When Sylvan paid $50 million for a controlling stake in UVM two years ago, the school had revenues of about $80 million and an enrollment of 32,000. The success of the for-profits is nothing to be afraid of, says World Bank education expert Jamil Salmi: "I don't think they will replace traditional universities, but they can push some more traditional providers to be more innovative and more attentive to the needs of the labor market." Some students at Sylvan schools in Latin America welcome the foreign invasion. At the Universidad de las Americas in Santiago, Daniela Villagran says friends tease her for studying at "Yankeeland," but she figures Sylvan connections "will give me an edge when I go out to look for a job." The emphasis on independent thought is what separates UVM from other institutions in Mexico. And, for better or worse, more American schools are on the way.

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单选题With which of the following statements would the author be likely to agree?

单选题Questions 14-16 are based on the talk about No Tobacco Day. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.

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单选题Whatdoweknowabouttheman?[A]HeenjoyedhimselfinGuilin.[B]Hedidn'tliketravelinginGuilin.[C]HespentthreedaysinGuilin.

单选题 Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not {{U}}(21) {{/U}} known; there is no good evidence that screening is much helpful, and treatment {{U}}(22) {{/U}} in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be {{U}}(23) {{/U}} . This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, research {{U}}(24) {{/U}} the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. {{U}} (25) {{/U}}, however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for {{U}}(26) {{/U}}. premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved {{U}}(27) {{/U}}, but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can {{U}}(28) {{/U}} tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by {{U}}(29) {{/U}} on the type of education that already appears to have a {{U}}(30) {{/U}} effect on cigarette assumption by whitecollar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar {{U}}(31) {{/U}} per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, {{U}}(32) {{/U}}, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become {{U}}(33) {{/U}} only recently. In China, lung cancer {{U}}(34) {{/U}} accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century {{U}}(35) {{/U}} the rise in smoking to increase the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990's or early in the next century, {{U}}(36) {{/U}} prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase is already plainly evident in parts of the {{U}}(37) {{/U}}. There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now {{U}}(38) {{/U}}; Secondly, it is generally incurable; Thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, {{U}}(39) {{/U}} tobacco consumption will also have a substantial {{U}}(40) {{/U}} on many other diseases.