单选题What is the author's attitude toward conducted tourism?

单选题The period of adolescence, i. e., the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period 6f time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one's life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.　　In modem society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, primary school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities, It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of child-hood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver's license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point tO the prolonged period of adolescence.

单选题In the last week of August, 70 two-ton bulls climbed to the top of a cliff above Maggie Beach, a remote and forbidding area in southwestern Alaska. One by one, the huge and ungainly mammals waddled over the edge and fell 100 feet onto the rocks below. It was the third consecutive year that walruses plunged to their death on this beach — and scientists still can't explain why. For as long as humans can remember, every summer walrus bulls "haulout" along the beaches of Bristol Bay to sun and feed themselves in anticipation of the long winter ahead. Until the fall of 1994 the walruses were content to lounge along the sandy shore. Then one day, says Togiak Reserve manager Aaron Archibeque, a fierce storm struck the cape, and some of the animals retreated up a bluff in search of shelter, or so scientists thought. Perhaps disoriented or unsteady on rain-slickened grass, 42 of the bulls fell over the edge of the cliff. During another storm in October 1995, 17 more died. But this year, the walruses began climbing the bluff late on a clear, moonlit night. The next morning, two biologists with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service camping at a field station near the beach noticed the migration. They managed to turn back 150 bulls, Archibeque says, but 70 reached the top where almost all plunged to their death. Such behavior among walruses has never been documented before, Archibeque says. "It's a real herd response," says Seagars, a scientist with the Fish and Wildlife Service. "Once the first one falls, it is too late for the second or third or fourth to turn around." Could the walruses be committing mass suicide? Marine biologists emphatically reject that idea as misguided human projection. "That is anthropomorphising," says Seagars. Should humans intervene to prevent the annual immolations? A barrier could be built to prevent the walruses from making their deadly climb, Seagars says. "There have been intense debates about whether interfering with nature is the right thing to do," he says, "But it's very difficult to watch natural selection at work./

单选题{{I}} Questions 11-13 are based on an introduction to education in Canada. You now have 15 seconds to read the questions 11-13.{{/I}}

单选题The word "institutions" (Para. 12, line 2) here probably refers to

单选题A British investigation has found flaws in London"s pre-war assessment of Iraqi"s weapons threat, but the report has cleared Prime Minister Tony Blair of deceiving the nation into going to var. The investigation, led by former British civil service chief Robin Butler, concludes that British intelligence officers were wrong to say that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction that could be deployed within 45 minutes. That finding was a key element in a British government document issued in September 2002 that helped persuade the public and parliament that Iraq must be disarmed. Mr. Butler told reporters Iraq had no deployable(可使用的)chemical or biological weapons at the time of the March 2003 invasion. "We say it would be an unwise person who reaches the conclusion that nothing will ever be found in Iraq. But I do distinguish between stocks of agent, and weapons," he said. "And we do conclude that Iraq did not have significant, if any, stocks of chemical or biological weapons in a state fit for deployment." The Butler report clears Prime Minister Blair of knowingly manipulating poor intelligence to win support for the invasion. Mr. Butler says no one in particular is responsible for the intelligence failures. "I think no single individual is to blame. This was a collective operation, in which there were the failures we"ve identified, "he said. "But as I"ve said, no, in my view, there was no deliberate attempt on the part of the government to mislead." Mr. Blair appeared in parliament shortly after the report"s release. He accepted responsibility for the intelligence mistakes, but said Saddam Hussein"s Iraq posed a threat that could not be ignored after the 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States. "I can honestly say I never have had to make a harder judgment. But in the end, my judgment was that after September 11th, we could no longer run the risk. That instead of waiting for the potential threat of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction to come together, we had to get out and get after it," he said. Mr. Blair brushed off suggestions from the opposition Conservative Party that his credibility has been damaged by Iraq, and that parliament would be less likely to trust him if asked again to vote to go to war. Mr. Blair pointed out that the Conservatives also had supported the invasion of Iraq, and continue to do so. The Butler commission was less critical of pre-war intelligence failures than a U.S. Senate report issued last week. Some leading senators have said President Bush probably would not have gotten the Senate"s support to invade Iraq if the poor intelligence assessments had been known at the time.

单选题The art of tattooing is an old custom practiced around the world. "Tattoo", a word coming from polynesian "tatu", was a symbol of high social status in the Marquesas islands. Among New Zealand Maori warriors it distinguished one man from another. Tattoos also identified the marital status of Eskimo women. Tattoos were supposed to give magical properties to Burmese males and to some South American tribes. English aristocrats were tattooed with their family coats of arms, and the names and emblems of their private clubs. Rich men in America also had tattoos of their emblems: reproductions of paper money! Today tattoos are popular among criminals, merchant seamen, and members of armies, navies and air forces. But more tattoo clients are women who get a tattoo to make themselves look more beautiful. Getting a tattoo is quick and easy. Lyle Tuttle is a well-known tattoo artist who owns three tattoo studios in California. Tuttle has tattooed many rock musicians and Hollywood stars including Peter Fonda and the late Janis Joplin. The average tattoo costs between twenty five and fifty dollars, depending on how big it is, how many colors it has, and where you want it tattooed. After a customer chooses his or her tattoo design, the tattoo artist washes the area to be tattooed with surgical soap. Then he draws the design with a ball point pen, inserts a needle in the desired colored ink, turns on the electricity, and starts to work. The machine makes a buzzing sound as it punctures the skin to a depth of between one-thirty-second and one-sixteenth of an inch 21,600 times a minute. After the tattoo artist outlines the design, he shades it using different color inks. Within a day, a crust will form over the tattoo; this crust falls off five to seven days later. Once applied, the tattoo becomes permanent, and mistakes cannot be corrected. The design can only be covered up with an equally dark or darker tattoo. "The only way to get rid of a tattoo," says Lyle Tuttle, "is to cut it off./

单选题 You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to read your answer. You will hear each piece once only. Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.

单选题Let's go and play games outside, ______ ? A. can we B. will you C. shall we

单选题 Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were the southern black agriculture, Du Bois's career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro : A Social Study, in which he examined that city's black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois's Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America. Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth shouId have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1)public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race. As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accornmodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth", according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.

单选题At the beginning, the Spanish monks processed the cocoa beans______.

单选题According to the passage, what is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order?

单选题TheDragonBoatFestivaliscelebratedon______.A.thefifthdayofthefifthmonthinthesolarcalendarB.thefifthdayofthefifthmonthinthelunarcalendarC.theseventhdayoftheseventhmonthinthesolarcalendarD.theseventhdayoftheseventhmonthinthelunarcalendar

单选题According to Paragraph 3 ,which of the following is true?