单选题He landed in this country when he was 4 years old without a word of English, and there he has recently graduated with honors from Loyola Academy. An immigrant kid whose family rents an apartment in a city two-flat, he attended the North Shore school with full scholarship. All the aunts and uncles were so proud that they made their way from the old country or from various corners of this country to celebrate his graduation. A debate is raging about whether immigrant children first should be taught English, then their other subjects; or whether they should be taught other subjects in their native tongue as they are more gradually introduced to English over two to three years. California voters recently banished the gradual approach -- bilingual education -- in favor of immersion in the English language. The Chicago Public Schools in February put a three-year deadline on moving into all English classes in most cases. But that was never an issue for this graduate, and it never came up for discussion at his party. Relatives and friends laughed and reminisced in their native tongue, inside and outside, on sofas and lawn chairs. Before long, the instruments came out, old world music filled the air and the traditional dancing began. Like many immigrant chicken, the graduate listens to his parents in the old language and responds to them in English. During a year after arriving here and enrolling in a Chicago Public School he was speaking fluent English with an American accent so strong that his parents would roll their eyes. But fluency had not come easily; it required a year of total immersion in English, including a teacher who never could seem to learn how to pronounce his name correctly. "He'd come home crying," his mother said. Now, you can't hear a trace of his original language in his voice. The switch, at least for him, has been complete; a matter of personal preference early on, he says, but now to the point where he has trouble remembering how to speak his first language at all. But he still understands. At the graduation party, his father asked for a beer in the native tongue, and the young man tossed him a can without missing a beat.

单选题If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its current rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life in the planet. By the middle of the 21 st century, if present trends go on, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on the earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Cart Sagan.　　Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change that atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as the earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.　　Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen should be bred in conditions similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceships will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.　　When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler but before man can set foot on Venus, it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.　　If the experiments are successful, life will become possible there but it will not be pleasant at first. When they go to Venus, the first colonists will have to take plenty of water with them and get used to days and nights lasting 60 earth-days. But there will also be some advantages. The colonists will live longer because their hearts will suffer less strain than on the earth. Apart from that, they will be exploring a new world while those still in the earth are living in closed, uncomfortable conditions. Perhaps it will be the only way to ensure the survival of the human race. The prospect might be very promising but before all these come true, it is every one's responsibility to protect the earth.

单选题 Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In America, most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a passport. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every country in the world. In 1979 almost 15 million Americans held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to reenter the country. When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when ex- changing dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket, check into a hotel or casino. As a passport is as official U. S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires, or war. Don't confuse passports and visas. Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed. Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela now require visas from U.S. citizens. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit. Passport applications are avaliable at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures. Maybe because most Americans use their passports only when traveling and because they are good for five years, many people lose their passports. Last year, more than 25,000 passports were stolen. And every passport is worth thousands of dollars to smugglers or criminals who desire to enter this country illegally or assume a false identity. Travelers should keep their passports in their pockets or pocket- books at all times; never pack them or leave them in a room or automobile; when you arrive back home, store your passport in a safe or safety deposit box. And report a lost or stolen passport immediately; it is literally your identity.

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单选题The author's attitude towards after-school programs may be

单选题No one can deny that pesticides have improved the ability of farmers to bring their crops to market. (1) pesticides, farmers no longer have to worry that they will lose an entire crop (2) an army of cut worms(毛虫)or fruit flies. (3) , Americans can rely on a large and varied food supply. However, we Americans need to become more (4) about the effects those pesticides on our food. More (5) , we need to think about what new (6) is necessary to protect ourselves from a (7) too rich in pesticide residue. If we don't demand greater (8) on pesticide use, we may be surprised, dismayed, and (9) horrified by the consequence of its use. On the most obvious level, farm workers who continue to use the pesticides (10) their present rate will be (11) serious disease. It's no (12) that farmers (13) to herbicides: have a six times greater risk of getting cancer. (14) , children who live in homes where pesticides are used have an increased chance of getting childhood leukemia (白血病). But the farmers are not the only ones (15) risk. Consumers may also suffer serious side effects from daily (16) of foods tainted (污染) by pesticides. Although scientists have yet to prove the link (17) , they are concerned that pesticide use may be one reason for the starting increase in various forms of cancer like breast and colon (结肠) cancers. We need new legislating that (18) stricter standards governing pesticide residues in food. Much of the current legislation is based on ignorance. Simply (19) , we allow high levels of carcinogens (致癌物) in our food because we don't know for sure that they do cause cancer in humans. Yet, why should we take the risk? If there's a chance that a pesticide causes cancer, then it should be (20) from use.

单选题Questions 18～20 are based on an interview about a murder. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18～20.

单选题"Equality between women and men is no longer a negotiable issue. " These are strong words of Gertrude Mongella of Tanzania, the Secretary General of the Beijing Women's Conference. She says equality is at the center of everything which touches women worldwide. In many societies women are invisible. They grow the crops, bring up the children, take care of the home, sell food they produce in their gardens and work in the informal sector — that sector, which doesn't get counted when a country's Gross Domestic Product is calculated. Poor women living on the margin of society, refugee women and migrant women are usually more vulnerable than men in the same circumstances. So unless their special needs are recognized and addressed, many of the world's women will continue to be on the bottom, worker ants toiling in appalling conditions. Education is a major need for women and girls. Today, in spite of repeated calls at international conferences, education for them is often out of reach, or not provided, and is frequently unequal. Educational opportunities for women are limited at best. Women's health needs have in the past often been overlooked, or assumed to be the same as men's. At the Cairo Conference last year it was agreed that the consequence of unsafe abortions are part of overall health care. The conferences recognise that women have specific health needs which must be understood, and that women must have full access to adequate health care services. An old phenomenon but one which has only been recognized as a social ill in recent years is violence against women. Generally this means domestic violence, as women are far more likely to be injured by their husbands or male partners than they are to initiate physical attacks. Violence against women is found throughout the world. Another fairly new realisation is that women suffer greatly in times of war. They lose their homes, conflicts disrupt societies and civilian jobs disappear. In the increasing number of ethnic conflicts women and children are just as likely to become victims as men in the armed forces are. The Beijing Programme of Action also draws attention to a key problem: women's lack of power in decision-making at all levels. In the home women may make the important decisions, but they rarely share power with men in their communities, and they are seldom asked for the opinions when policies are formulated. Nor do most societies actively promote the advancement of women. Women's central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been acknowledged. Women are the ones who grow most of the food crops in developing countries, and they know from their hands-on experience when agricultural techniques upset the environmental balance. As in all the other areas of setting policy, their experience needs to be drawn into the mainstream Women can't be overlooked when environmentally safe sustainable development plans are being worked out. If they are left out of this process, the policies will lose some of their impact. In a "worst case" situation, the policies will fail because they are not grounded in women's experience going back over generations. "As long as women remain unequal they can't have access to resources, they can never participate in political decision-making, they can't make their own choices in life. That is the bottom line. " Mrs Mongella says women round the world are all concerned about equality. In developing countries, in states emerging as industrial powers, in the countries of the West, women are looking for action, action she sometimes calls a revolution.

单选题All of the following are factors to help cause the shift from pure to applied science EXCEFT

单选题We often hear advice from the dermatologists, "You should keep using sunscreen cream--just to be safe". More and more people are questioning about sunscream. Can sunscreen cream help protect me against melanomas? How safe are we in applying these chemical cocktails? Does it actually stop melanomas, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, from forming? As is known to all, sunscreen cream can protect the skin from the harmful effects of sun. The most .important function of it is the prevention of skin cancer. A great number of American people like to use it. Surprisingly, this kind of cancer is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States. It seems that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer. More and more health experts are taking a discommendable attitude to the application of sunscreen. Researchers show that the earlier finding has many flaws and is unable to prove the exact function because they fail to take into account many exceptional cases. For instance, some people prefer to use sunscreen cream while going out. However, sunscreen cream users suffer from cancer more often. In fact, sunscreen cream allows people to remain exposed in the sun longer. People are likely to get skin problem under the sunshine for a long time. Besides, many people use the sunscreen cream in an inappropriate way. The sunscreen cream should be applied about half an hour before going outside, so the time is enough for the sunscreen to soak in and take effect. In fact, the protection of sunscreen will not last indefinitely. It should be reapplied at least every two hours when people stay outdoors for a prolonged period. After swimming, bathing, perspiring heavily, or drying off with a towel or handkerchief, you had better reapply it, too. Millions of gallons of sunscreen cream are consumed each year. Only 5% of products overall met the criteria for safety and sunscreen effectiveness. Three of five brand-name products can not protect the skin from sun damage sufficiently or they contain hazardous chemicals, according to a report by Environmental Working Group (EWG). It is time to change our misunderstanding now. In fact, besides the sunshine-preventing function, it also has the function of protecting our skin. We all know that the sun impacts collagen production in the skin, and without collagen, skin won't naturally maintain that plump, moist, youthful, wrinkle-free look. Without the protection of sunscreen cream, just a few minutes of daily sun exposure over the years can cause noticeable changes in skin. Sunscreen cream can protect our skin from these damaging rays, so that even if we do spend time outdoors, our face is less likely to give away our age.

单选题Hard ______ they had tried, their first attempt at a solution was unsuccessful. A. as B. like C. so D. such

单选题The Great Pyramid of Khufu was ______.

单选题Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each numbered blank. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}then, however, was the new, positive {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}that work against the digital divide. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, there are reasons to be {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}there are. More and more {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}, afraid their countries will be left {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}world poverty that we've ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}potential. To {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}of their sovereignty might well study the history of {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}America's Second Wave infrastructure—{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment.

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单选题The ill-treatment of an elephant during training______.