单选题She had just finished her homework ______ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. while B. when C. after D. since

单选题 Questions 14～17 are based on a dialogue about intermarriage, You now have 20 seconds to rend Questions 14～17.

单选题This article is about

单选题Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that has had a major impact on American culture from the late 19th century to the present. Pragmatism calls 1 ideas and theories to be tested in practice, by 2 whether acting upon the idea or theory produces desirable or undesirable results. The ideas of the pragmatists were considered 3 when they first appeared. To some critics, pragmatism"s 4 to affirm any absolute standards carried negative implications for society. 5 , pragmatists do not believe that a single absolute idea of goodness or justice exists, but 6 that these concepts are changeable and depend on the 7 in which they are being discussed. The 8 of these absolutes, critics feared, could result in a (n) 9 in moral standards. The pragmatists" denial of absolutes, 10 , challenged the foundations of religion, government, and schools of thought. 11 , pragmatism influenced developments in psychology, sociology, and many other schools and movements. 12 political groups have also drawn 13 the assumptions of pragmatism, from the progressive movements of the early 20th century to later experiments in social reform. Pragmatism is best 14 in its historical and cultural context. It arose during the late 19th century, a period of rapid scientific advancement 15 by the theories of British biologist Charles Darwin, whose theories 16 to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a 17 state of progress. During this same period, a decline in 18 religious beliefs and values accompanied the industrialization and material progress of the time. In 19 , it became necessary to rethink 20 ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality.

单选题 It's plain common sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It's plain common sense, but it's not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently. People might think that the higher a person's level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people's average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two. The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can coexist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won't make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn't appear to be anyone's heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself. Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who's happy, who isn't and why. {{U}}To date, {{/U}}the research hasn't found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings. Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn't mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that's that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.

单选题The author uses "backward" here to indicate that ______.

单选题Human intelligence and the IQ scales used to measure it once again are becoming the focus of fiery debate. As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation"s schools, an old but explosive issue is reappearing; What is intelligence—and is it determined largely by genetics? The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some U. S. scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests. Now, the racial issue is being joined by others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ—intelligence quotient—tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors as family background, poverty and emotional disorders. Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of supersmart children of brainy parents—and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents. Critics such as Harvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments: "Genetic determinism could be used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and inevitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless." Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exposing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunt"s studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a child"s IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points. At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs.

单选题The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining ______.