单选题Very early in the morning, before daybreak for the greater part of the year, the men would throw on their clothes, breakfast on bread and fat, snatch the dinner baskets which had been packed for them overnight, and hurry off across the fields to the farm. Getting the boys off was a more difficult matter. Mothers would have to call and shake and sometimes pull boys of eleven or twelve out of their warm beds on a winter morning. Most of the young and those in the prime of life were thickset, red-faced men of good medium height and enormous strength, who prided themselves on the weights they could carry and boasted of never having had "an ache nor a pain" in their lives. The elders stooped, had gnarled and swollen hands and, walked badly, for they felt the effects of a life spent out of doors in all weathers and of the rheumatism which tried most of them. They still spoke the dialect, in which the words were not only broadened, but in many words doubled. Boy was "boo-oy", cola "coo-al" and so on. In other words, syllables were slurred and words were run together, as "brenbu'er" for bread and butter. They had hundreds of proverbs and sayings and their talk was stiff with smile. Nothing was ever simply hot, cold or colored; it was "as hot as hell", "as cold as ice", "as green as grass" or "as yellow as a guinea". To be nervy was to be "like a cat on hot bricks"; to be angry, "mad as a bull", or any one might be "poor as a rat", "sick as a dog", "as ugly as sin", "full of the milk of human kindness", or "stinking with pride". The men's incomes were the same to a penny (ten shillings a week); their circumstances, pleasures, and their daily field work were shared in common but in themselves they differed, as other men of their day differed, in country and town. Some were intelligent, others slow in the uptake, some were kind and helpful, others selfish. A stranger would not have found the dry humor of the Scottish peasant, or the racy wit and wisdom of Thomas Hardy's Wessex. These men's minds were cast in a heavier mould and moved more slowly. Yet there were occasional gleams of quiet fun. When Edmund was crying because his pet magpie had flown away one may told him to go and tell Mrs. Andrews about it (she was the village gossip) "and you'll soon know where she's been seen". Their favorite virtue was endurance. Not to flinch from pain or hardship was their ideal. A young woman would say to the midwife after her first confinement, "I didn't flinch, did I? Oh, I do hope I didn't flinch," and a man would tell how he had taken a piece of fence to fight off a charging bull, and not he but the bull had "flinched./

单选题Questions 14～17 are based on a dialogue about intermarriage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14～17.

单选题 Although there had been various small cameras developed, it was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography attracted America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far comers of the earth. Eastman called his new famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that he liked the word. It was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language. An immediate consequence of Eastman's invention was a blizzard of amateur photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word came from hunters' jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good day's shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon. Photography became not only easy but fun because of the Kodak. Almost overnight photography became one of the world's most popular hobbies. A new and universal folk art was born; the showing of one's latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes. Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One ardent amateur was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took a lot of photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, "I think you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it." "The little black box," as the Kodak was affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way people communicated. "A picture is worth a thousand words" was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone—1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak—it is estimated that almost thirty billion were taken in America alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally mind-boggling. Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has greatly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photographs have greatly extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings. Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his "little black box"?

单选题______ nothing to do with us. A. What he did is B. What he has done is C. What did he do has D. What has he done has

单选题Pursuing free trade through WTO has many attractions. Countries bind themselves and their trading partners to transparent and non-discriminatory trade rules, which the WTO then enforces even handedly. Since most governments operate on the premise that opening domestic markets is a concession to be traded for access to foreign markets, multilateral liberalization is often the most effective route to free trade. A successful WTO round requires two big bargains to be struck: a transatlantic deal between America and the EU and a north-south deal between the rich and the poor. Yet at Seattle this year there is a long way to go before such broad bargains can be considered, let alone struck. America wants a few priority issues to be settled. Its list includes an extension of the duty-free status of e-commerce, a broader IT pact, reform of the WTO dispute settlements system, increased WTO transparency and the phase out of tariffs in eight sectors including chemicals, energy products and environmental products. The EU on the other hand professes to want a more comprehensive approach that focuses on removing tariff peaks for such imports as textiles, glass and footwear, but would preserve tariff preferences for developing countries. The biggest obstacle may be the insistence of many developing countries that they will block further liberalization until their gripes over the Uruguay round are addressed They want their obligations in areas such as intellectual property, investor protection, subsidies and anti-dumping to be eased. They argue that the Uruguay round has failed to deliver expected benefits in such areas as agriculture and textiles. Though by no means a monolithic block, the developing countries share a feeling that whatever the promise of liberalization at the WTO, rich countries will Conspire to keep their markets closed. Indeed, the EU insists that freeing trade should be "controlled, steered and managed according to the concerns of EU citizens". That is in keeping with a view, widespread on the continent, that "a protectionist trade policy is a price readily paid for political objectives". However great these obstacles are, they could be overcome if America were still leading the drive for freer world trade. With its economy doing well, greater access to foreign markets seems a less pressing priority. The Clinton administration is unwilling to make politically painful concessions required to achieve that aim. So there is a possibility that the Seattle round will turn out to be a fiasco. If that happens, it will encourage the anti-WTO groups to go on the offensive. America, the EU and Japan would increasingly be tempted by managed trade.

单选题Judging from the passage, the author might be ______.

单选题Experts such as the so-called insiders

单选题Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece by ______. A. Jane Austen B. Emily Bronti C. Charles Dickens D. William Makepeace Thackeray

单选题What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live (21) competing interests. Your roommate's need to study for an exam may take (22) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the (23) of your romantic interest may have other options. In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and (24) consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want to influence (25) others believe and behave. We may not always prevail—other points of view may be more persuasive, (26) on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to (27) that our position receives the attention it deserves. Some people, however, (28) to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome intrusion (29) their lives or as a manipulation or domination. (30) , we believe that persuasion is (31) —to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, (32) or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or (33) on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls (34) sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us (35) the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. (36) , an essential part of education is learning to (37) the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practise the other. (38) its personal importance to us, persuasion is essential to society. The (39) to persuade and be persuaded is the foundation of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment (40) the Constitution.

单选题Questions 11-13 are based on the following dialogue between a student and a librarian.

单选题WhatisEinstein'sgreatestcontributiontohumanbeings?A.Histeaching.B.Histheoryofrelativity.C.Histheoryonadvancedmathematics.D.Hisresearch.

单选题The word "stressed" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

单选题In Paragraph 3, the writer contrasts America with the Old Country to show ______.