问答题It is astonishing how little is known about the working of the mind. But however little or much is known, it is fairly clear that the model of the logic-machine is not only wrong but mischievous. There are people who profess to believe that man can live by logic alone. If only they say, men developed their reason. looked at all situations and dilemmas logically, and proceeded to devise rational solutions, all human problems would be solved. Be reasonable. Think logically. Act rationally. This line of thought is very persuasive, not to say seductive. 61)It is astonishing, however, how frequently the. people most fanatically devoted to logic and reason, to a cold review of the "facts" and a calculated construction of the truth, turn out not only to be terribly emotional in argumentation, but obstinate before any "truth" is ".proved"—deeply committed to emotional positions that prove rock-resistible to the most massive accumulation of unsympathetic facts and proofs. If man's mind cannot be turned into a logic-machine, neither can it function properly as a great emotional sponge, to be squeezed at will. All of us have known people who gush as a general response to life—who gush in seeing a sunset, who gush in reading a book, who gush in meeting a friend. They may seem live by emotion alone, but their constant gushing is a disguise for absence of genuine feeling, a torrent rushing to fill a vacuum. 62)It is not uncommon to find beneath the gush a cold, analytic mind that is astonishing in its meticulousness and ruthless in its calculation. Somewhere between machine and sponge lies the reality of the mind — a blend of reason and emotion, of actuality and imagination, of fact and feeling. 63)The entanglement is so complete, the mixture so thoroughly mixed, that it is probably impossible to achieve pure reason or pure emotion, at least for any sustained period of time. It is probably best to assume that all our reasoning is fused with our emotional commitments and beliefs, all our thoughts colored by feelings that lie deep within our psyches. 64)Moreover, it is probably best to assume that this stream of emotion is not a poison, not even a taint, but is a positive life-source, a stream of psychic energy that animates and vitalizes our entire thought process. 65)The roots of reason are embedded in feelings—feelings that have formed and accumulated and developed over lifetime of personality-shaping. These feelings are not for occasional using but are inescapable. To know what we think, we must know how we feel. It is feeling that shapes belief and forms opinion. It is feeling that directs the strategy of argument. It is our feelings, then, with which we must come to honorable terms.

问答题The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful. (63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War Ⅱ to send secret messages. Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as tile Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.

问答题Write an essay of 160—200 words on the topic Will E-books Replace Traditional Books .9 based on the following outline given in Chinese. 1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多 2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是…… 3.我的看法 You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Write an article on advertisement. Your article should cover the points below: 1)The omnipresence (无所不再, 普遍) of advertisements 2) Their advantages 3) Their disadvantages

问答题Directions: Study the following table carefully and write a composition on Changes in People's Diet. Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following table. In your essay, you should first describe the table, then interpret its meaning, and give you comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 {{U}}A one-month survey results indicate that smoking, alcohol and marijuana use increase among residents of Manhattan during the five to eight weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11,2001.{{/U}} Almost one-third of the nearly 1 000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11 attacks. About one-fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about one tenth reported an in- crease in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana. 62){{U}}The investigators found survey Participants by randomly, dialing New York City phone numbers and screened Potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. {{/U}}Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15,2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11,2001,22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettas,59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11,23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day. The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. 63){{U}}People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those people who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only.{{/U}} 64){{U}}Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from one's home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use.{{/U}} Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances. Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. 65){{U}}Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11 led to an increase in substance use.{{/U}}

问答题showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)thesymbolicmeaning3)thespecialunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytocommunicate.

问答题Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)interpretitsmeaning,and3)supportyourviewwithexamples.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题 Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground -clearing way to start. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. {{/U}} On one view of Tights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. {{/U}}Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says I don't like this contract? The point is this: without agreement on the fights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans or with no consideration at all. {{/U}}This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lay outside the area of moral choice. {{/U}}Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely logical. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl is to weigh others’ interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}When that happen, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at {{/U}}.

问答题The boss made the little boy do heavy work.

问答题Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

问答题 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The computer and Internet impact our daily life everywhere. 61) {{U}}Today, there's scarcely an aspect of our life that isn't being upended by the torrent of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowding the Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with each other via electronic mail.{{/U}} "If the automobile and aerospace technology had exploded at the same pace as computer and information technology," says Microsoft, "a new car would cost about $ 2 and go 600 miles on a thimble of gas. And you could buy a Boeing 762 for the cost of a pizza. " Probably the biggest payoff, however, is the billions of dollars the Internet is saving companies in producing goods and serving the needs of their customers. 62) {{U}}Nothing like it has been seen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines began producing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year.{{/U}} All the time spent online has left many young infotech workers without much time for life—or love—offline. 63) {{U}}The U. S. free enterprise system, which reaches a frenzy in Silicon Valley, has recognized that the local love boat is taking on water and is rushing in to save the day.{{/U}} Dating services are approaching overload. Seminars and love doctors are teaching these rich, busy young singles how to find and capture their heart's desire in this romantic wasteland. And dot-com facilitators such as Matchmaker. com are struggling to bring the sexes together online. One reality that losers in this love bazaar must face is that they weren't picked because they were out of shape. But not to worry since the Cyber Age has the answer to this one, too. Computerized fitness programs with audio, visual, and cyber personal trainers are ready to turn your home and treadmill into your own personal health club. Turn on iFit. com's "One-On-One Training" audio workouts and you can bend and stretch to your favorite music. 64) {{U}}Its "Adventure" series video workouts will automatically adjust the speed and incline of your iFit-compatible treadmill as you gaze into your TV screen and experience the " beautiful rock formations of Utah's Red Rock" or " the tropical paradise of Hawaii. "{{/U}} 65) {{U}}Americans spend more on entertainment than on clothing or health care, and the convergence of computers and telecommunications is generating new ways to amuse ourselves undreamed of until now.{{/U}} The Internet is a land of endless amusements, and among the wildest is the Sims-simulations. These are about creating, managing, and controlling the lives of tiny computerized people.