问答题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed35minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegraphbelow.Rememberthatyourcompositionshouldbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline:(1)Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph.(2)Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity.(3)Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayonit.Inyouressay,youshould(1)describethecartoonbriefly,(2)interpretitsmeaningand(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Directions: Now the traffic problem is becoming more and more serious, especially in big cities. You are supposed to write a composition about this phenomenon based on the following outline. (1) What causes this problem? (2) What effects does it bring about? (3) How to solve this problem? You should write approximately 160—200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Neither the Americans nor the Russians have the resources to continue human space flight on their own; both sides know they need each other. 1 It"s much easier and cheaper to get used to each other and to blend differing operating styles, languages, and systems on the aged Mir (a Russian word for "peace") than trying to do that while jointly building a new space station. NASA, in fact, calls its program of shuttle flights to Mir Phase 1 of the International Space Station (ISS). Phase 2 marks the beginning of actual construction. The procedures used to dock the shuttle to Mir, for example; also will be used as a lifeboat for the ISS. And Progress freighters, like the one that crashed into Mir in June, will haul cargo to the ISS. 2 One unintended benefit of Mir"s technical troubles is that they have actually forced the two nations to work much more closely together than they had planned. Except for a brief period in the 1970s with Skylab, NASA has never operated a space station; the Russians have been running them for years. Astronauts have long been trained intensively to perform specific tasks on shuttle flights lasting 18 days or less. 3 Russian astronauts, however, learn more general skills, since they spend many months in orbit and no one can forecast all the problems they might encounter. As a result of shuttle-Mir experience, NASA is revising astronaut training to include more of the general skills they will need on the ISS. NASA decided to send astronauts to Mir based on its long record of safe operation. But this year, crews aboard Mir have faced two of the most serious emergencies in the history of human space flight. 4 In February, an oxygen generator caught fire, shooting out 4-foot-long jets of flame like; fire extinguishers were bolted in place, delaying reaction to the fire. In June, a Progress Freighter collided with the Spektr module, puncturing it. Spektr had to be sealed off to prevent all the air from leaking from the spacecraft. 5 The ancient computer that controls Mir has failed many times, causing most other systems, including the one that keeps the station"s solar panels pointed at the sun, to shut down. One failure in August occurred while a Progress was docking. Last week, the computer crashed again, the carbon dioxide removal system shut down, and a mysterious brown fluid-probably rocket fuel—appeared to leak from the station.

问答题Interlocutor:Now,I'dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselvesandspeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutPictureforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)Ifyouneedaplacetolivein,youcaneitherrentanapartmentorbuyoneonbankloan.Makeyourchoiceandgiveyourreasons.Thispictureisforyourreference.Youhavethreeminutesforthis.Wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?

问答题Directions: Read the following statement and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should 1) state your opinion, and 2) support it with examples. "The man who reads well is the man who thinks well, who has a background for opinion and a stand for judgment." You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions: A friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either to go on vacation or to buy a car. Your friend has asked you for advice. Compare your friend's two choices and explain which one you think your friend should choose. You should write your essay no less than 160 words.

问答题 {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. {{/U}}That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.{{/U}} Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.{{/U}} But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, we can't yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}De spite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, re searchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.{{/U}} What they found, in attempting to-model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of millimeter in a controlled factory environment. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. {{/U}}The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't quite know how we do it.

问答题Neither the Americans nor the Russians have the resources to continue human space flight on their own; both sides know they need each other. 61)It's much easier and cheaper to get used to each other and to blend differing operating styles, languages, and systems on the aged Mir (a Russian word for "peace") than trying to do that while jointly building a new space station. NASA, in fact, calls its program of shuttle flights to Mir Phase 1 of the International Space Station (ISS). Phase 2 marks the beginning of actual construction. The procedures used to dock the shuttle to Mir, for example, also will be used as a lifeboat for the ISS. And Progress freighters, like the one that crashed into Mir in June, will haul cargo to the ISS. 62)One unintended benefit of Mir's technical troubles is that they have actually forced the two nations to work much more closely together than they had planned. Except for a brief period in the 1970s with Skylab, NASA has never operated a space station; the Russians have been running them for years. Astronauts have long been trained intensively to perform specific tasks on shuttle flights lasting 18 days or less. 63)Russian astronauts, however, learn more general skills, since they spend many months in orbit and no one can forecast all the problems they might encounter. As a result of shuttle-Mir experience, NASA is revising astronaut training to include more of the general skills they will need on the ISS. NASA decided to send astronauts to Mir based on its long record of safe operation. But this year, crews aboard Mir have faced two of the most serious emergencies in the history of human space flight. 64) In February, an oxygen generator caught fire, shooting out 4-foot-long jets of flame like; fire extinguishers were bolted in place, delaying reaction to the fire. In June, a Progress Freighter collided with the Spektr module, puncturing it. Spektr had to be sealed off to prevent all the air from leaking from the spacecraft. 65)The ancient computer that controls Mir has failed many times, causing most other systems, including the one that keeps the station's solar panels pointing at the sun, to shut down. One failure in August occurred while a Progress was docking. Last week, the computer crashed again, the carbon dioxide removal system shut down, and a mysterious brown fluid — probably rocket fuel — appeared to leak from the station.

问答题 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.{{/U}} The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.{{/U}} Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick ,objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted' can not be well defined.{{/U}} Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality ,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.{{/U}}