问答题Tourism is one of the great promising industries of the last few years. In most countries there are official organizations to encourage tourists. In fact, very often the ordinary people are worse off became the presence of large numbers of tourists means that the price of food becomes too expensive for poor people in the tourist cities. In your essay, give your views on the pros and cons of tourism. You should write 160 - 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2

问答题For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Studying Over- seas". You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below: (1)有些人认为出国留学有一定的好处，但困难太多； (2)我则认为…… (You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2．)

问答题Many people complain that work nowadays is more stressful and less leisurely than in the past. There is a discussion on the newspaper inviting public comment on this problem. Write an essay to the editor of the paper. (1) analyzing the causes of the social problems (2) illustrating its influences on people's daily life You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayonit.Inyouresssay,youshould(1)describethepicturebriefly,(2)analyzethissituation,and(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题In the 16 th and 17 th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education, Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought. He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius. 61) He recommended that instruction start with the general and then move to the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses. He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach; and that parents have a role to play in the schooling of their children. The contributions of one of our many ancestors often are overlooked, yet Juan Luis Vives wrote very much as a contemporary educational psychologist might in the first part of the 16 th century. 62) He stated to teachers and others with educational responsibilities, such as those in government and commerce, that there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned , and in this way he anticipated Herbart and the 19th-century psychologists. He noted that what is to be learned must be practiced, and in this way he anticipated Thorndike"s Law of Exercise. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, anticipating Dewey. 63) He wrote about individual differences and about the need to adjust instruction for all students, and anticipated the work of educational and school psychologists in the area of special education. He discussed the schools"s role in moral growth, anticipating the work of Dewey, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan. He wrote about learning being dependent on self-activity, a precursor to contemporary research on meta-cognition, where the ways in which the self monitors its own activties are studied. Finally, 64) Vives anticipated both the contemporary motivational theorists who avoid social comparisons and those researchers who find the harmful elements of norm-referenced testing to outweigh their advantages, by writing about the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments and not in comparison with other students. 65) Thus, long before we claimed our professional identity, there were individuals thinking intelligently about what we would eventually call educational psychology, preparing the way for the scientific study of education.

问答题 The world's tropical rainforests comprise some 6% of the Earth's land area and contain more than half of all known life forms, or a conservative estimate of about 30 million species of plants and animals. 61){{U}}Some experts estimate there could be two or even three times as many species hidden within these complex and fast- disappearing ecosystems — scientists will probably never know for certain so vast is the amount of study required{{/U}} Time is running out for biological research. 62){{U}}Commercial development is responsible for the loss of about 17 million hectares of virgin rainforest each year — a figure approximating 1% of what remains of the world's rainforests.{{/U}} The current devastation of once impenetrable rainforest is of particular concern because, although new tree growth may in time repopulate felled areas, the biologically diverse storehouse of flora and fauna is gone forever. 63){{U}}Losing this bountiful inheritance, which took millions of years to reach its present highly evolved state, would be an unparalleled act of human stupidity.{{/U}} Chemical compounds that might be extracted from yet- to-be-discovered species hidden beneath the tree canopy could assist in the treatment of disease or help to control fertility. Conservationists point out that important medical discoveries have already been made from material found in tropical rainforests. The drug aspirin, now synthesised, was originally found in the bark of a rain- forest tree. Two of the most potent anti-cancer drugs derive from the rosy periwinkle discovered in the 1950s in the tropical rainforests of Madagascar. The rewards of discovery are potentially enormous, yet the outlook is bleak. Timber-rich countries mired in debt view potential financial gain decades into the future as less attractive than short-term profit from logging. Cataloguing species and analysing newly-found substances takes time and money, both of which are in short supply. The developed world takes every opportunity to lecture countries which arc the guardians of rainforests. 64){{U}}Rich nations exhort them to preserve and care for what is left, ignoring the fact that their wealth was in large part due-to the exploitation of their own natural world.{{/U}} It is often forgotten that forests once covered most of Europe. Large tracts of forest were destroyed over the centuries for the same reason that the remaining rainforests are now being felled—timber. 65){{U}}As well as providing material for housing, it enabled wealthy nations to build large navies and shipping fleets with which to continue their. Plunder of the world's resources.{{/U}} Besides, it is not clear that developing countries would necessarily benefit financially from extended bioprospecting of their rainforests. Pharmaceutical companies make huge profits from the sale of drugs with little return to the country in which an original discovery was made.

问答题Changes are being seen in the social values held by the Chinese in the 90's. What do you think is the most essential value for China in the 21st century? Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. ON THE MOST ESSENTIAL SOCIAL VALUE In the first part of your writing you should present your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

问答题 I enjoy life because I am endlessly interested in people and their growth. 61) {{U}}My interest leads me to widen my knowledge of people, and this in turn compels me to believe in the common goodness of mankind. {{/U}}I believe that the normal human heart is born good. That is, it's born sensitive and feeling, eager to be approved and to approve, hungry for simple happiness and the chance to live. It neither wishes to be killed, nor to kill. If through circumstances, it is overcome by evil, it never becomes entirely evil. There remain in it elements of good, however recessive, which continue to hold the possibility of restoration. I believe in human beings, but my faith is without sentimentality. 62) {{U}}I know that in environments of uncertainty, fear, and hunger, the human being is dwarfed and shaped without his being aware of it, just as the plant struggling under a stone does not know its own condition. {{/U}}63) {{U}}Only when the stone is removed can it spring up freely into the light. {{/U}}But the power to spring up is inherent, and only death puts an end to it. I feel no need for any other faith than my faith in human beings. Like Confucius of old, I am absorbed in the wonder of earth, and the life upon it, and I cannot think of heaven and the angels. I have enough for this life. If there is no other life, than this one has been enough to make it worth being born, myself a human being. With so profound a faith in the human heart and its power to grow toward the light, I find here reason and cause enough for hope and confidence in the future of mankind. 64) {{U}}The common sense of people will surely prove to them someday that mutual support and cooperation are only sensible for the security and happiness of all. {{/U}}Such faith keeps me continually ready and purposeful with energy to do what one person can towards shaping the environment in which the human being can grow with freedom. This environment, I believe, is based upon the necessity for security and friendship. I take heart in a promising fact that the world contains food supplies sufficient for the entire earth population. Our knowledge of medical science is already sufficient to improve the health of the whole human race. Our resources and education, if administered on a world scale, can lift the intelligence of the race. 65) {{U}}All that remains is to discover how to administer upon a world scale, the benefits which some of us already have. {{/U}}In other words, to return to my simile, the stone must be rolled away. This too can be done, as a sufficient number of human beings come to have faith in themselves and in each other. Not all will have such faith at the same moment, but there is a growing number who have the faith. Half a century ago, no one had thought of world food, world health, world education. Many are thinking today of these things. In the midst of possible world war, of wholesale destruction, I find my only question this: are there enough people now who believe? Is there time enough left for the wise to act? It is a contest between ignorance and death, or wisdom and life. My faith in humanity stands firm.

问答题不消说，相识的人数是随了年龄增加的，一个人年龄越大，走过的地方、当过的职务越多，相识的人理该越增力了。可是，相识的人并不就是朋友。我们和许多人相识，或是因为了事务关系，或是因了偶然的机缘棗如在别人请客的时候同席吃过饭之类。见面时点头或握手，有事时走访或通信，口头上彼此也称“朋友”，笔头上有时或称“仁兄”，诸如此类，其实只是一种社会上得客套，和“顿首”、“百拜”同是仪式的虚伪。这种交际可以说是社交，和真正的友谊相差似乎很远。

问答题 Immediately after the Civil War, however, the diet began to change. 61. {{U}}Rail transportation increased the supply and improved the quality of the milk that reached urban centers; cold storage and refrigerator cars made possible the greater consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fresh fish; and commercial canning extended the range of appetizing and healthful foods.{{/U}} Subsequently food statistics indicated an increased consumption of dairy products, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, sugar and syrups, coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices. Decreased consumption was shown for meats, potatoes, and grain products. 62. {{U}}By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products, rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American public.{{/U}} Whereas a grain and fish diet, such as in Japan, requires only a quarter of an acre high-yield cropland and no pasture per capita, the American diet requires about two and a half acres of cropland and ten acres of pasture per capita. Also it indicated a shift toward the so-called protective foods, toward those high in vitamins and proteins. 63. {{U}}This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection (the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906), by the increasing use of mechanical refrigerators in the 1920's and 1930's and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades.{{/U}} In the years after World War Ⅰ a food revolution took place that was reminiscent of the one that occurred after the Civil War. The output of the food-manufacturing industry quadrupled from 1900 to 1940. 64. {{U}}In that interval, as we have mentioned earlier, home canning gave way to commercial canning, and the labor of housekeeping was lightened.{{/U}} Fortunately most of the major dietary changes that have taken place since the middle of the 19th century have resulted in better nutrition for the population. In part, these shifts have taken place because of a preference for new foods rather than old, but in part, they have been made because the new foods were advocated by nutritionists. Apparently American dietary customs were not so deeply ingrained as to prevent change in the interests of better health. 65. {{U}}Possibly one factor that has contributed to the readiness of Americans to accept new foods or food preparations is the general familiarity most have with a variety of regional dishes coming from many different lands.{{/U}} Within a small area in New York City or San Francisco, one can find restaurants specializing in French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabian, or Chinese cuisine. And at a Chinese restaurant in the United States the chef and waiter are as likely as not to be Oriental.

问答题Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题

问答题You are required to write a composition about the trend of aged people to live alone. Your composition should contain the following points. (1)Present situation. (2)Possible reasons for such situation. (3)Your own opinion. You should write 160--:200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.

问答题A continuing phenomenon in business education is the emphasis on ethics. The American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation standards emphasize the need for an ethical awareness along with an understanding of "influence of political, social, legal and regulatory, environmental, and technological issues..." 1 One of the difficult ethical challenges it wants addressed concerns "inclusiveness," which we have interpreted to mean a "large umbrella" approach, in, for example, employee concerns. To this end, matters such as sexual preference are dealt with in a case involving a supervisor. 2 Possibly the greatest ethical idea that could build bridges in an increasingly fragmented society is the idea that empirical evidence must be sought and used to bring an agreement in controversial public issues. Clearly the greatest impact upon the business enterprise evidencing external political and social environments occurs with respect to law. Law is the way in which society and the political process translating into concrete form the forces shaping the business environment. Perhaps the most important development is the recognition that positive law has become the ethic of our time. 3 A key reason for this is the highly competitive nature of the business environment, where international competitors are threatening the very existence of the domestic U. S. businesses; this competition forces U. S. businesses to take a "bare bones," "do just what the law requires and no more" approach to ethics. Actually, the U. S. legal system is for more than a "bare bones" to legal rights. 4 In fact, it could persuasively be argued that law in this nature has crept into the realm of natural law and norms formerly described by private decision makers are now decreed by legislative commands. It is true that ethics involves doing the "right" thing, the just thing, the morally correct thing; however, positive law is now commanding us to "do the right thing." Given the need to keep costs under control, most U. S. businesses give a sigh of relief and say, "This is enough ethics for me; thanks," if they can simply comply with the pervasive positive law. These businesses point out that their foreign competitors do not have the extensive—and expensive—protective labor laws, the Clean Water Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and a host of other laws. 5 These laws have praiseworthy goals; nonetheless, they make competing with businesses in other countries without such laws difficult, if not impossible, particularly when costs are taken into account.