问答题In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle defined the basic concepts and principles of many of the sciences. 1 In the first place, Aristotle criticized Plato"s theory of Forms by arguing that forms could not exist by themselves but existed only in particular things, which are composed of both form and matter. He understood substances as matter organized by a particular form. Nature, for Aristotle, is an organic system of things whose forms make it possible to arrange them into classes comprising species and genera. Each species, he believed, has a form, purpose, and mode of development in terms of which it can be defined. 2 The aim of science is to define the essential forms, purposes, and modes of development of all species and to arrange them in their natural order in accordance with their complexities of form. The main levels are the inanimate, the vegetative, the animal, and the rational. 3 The soul is the form of the body, and humans, whose rational soul is a higher form than the souls of other species on earth, are the highest species of perishable things. The heavenly bodies, composed of an imperishable substance, or ether, and moved eternally in perfect circular motion by God, are still higher in the order of nature. Aristotle"s political and ethical philosophy similarly developed out of a critical examination of Plato"s principles. 4 The standards of personal and social behavior, according to Aristotle, must be found in the scientific study of the natural tendencies of individuals and societies rather than in abstract realm of pure forms. Less insistent therefore than Plato on a rigorous conformity to absolute principles, Aristotle regarded ethical rules as practical guides to a happy and well-rounded life. His emphasis on happiness, as the active fulfillment of natural capacities, expressed the attitude toward life held by cultivated Greeks of his time. In political theory, Aristotle agreed with Plato that a monarchy ruled by a wise king would be the ideal political structure, but he also recognized that societies differ in their needs and traditions and believed that a limited democracy is usually the best compromise. 5 In his theory of knowledge, Aristotle rejected the Platonic doctrine that knowledge is innate and insisted that it can be acquired only by generalization from experience. He interpreted art as a means of pleasure and intellectual enlightenment rather than an instrument of moral education.

问答题Large numbers of able and promising youths have taken up important leading posts in recent years. In this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic: On the Promotion of Able and Young Cadres (论提拔年轻有为的干部). You should base your composition on the following outline: (1) Superiorities of young leaders. (2) How to cope with the relationship between them for young leaders and seniors. You should write 160—200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Interlocutor:I'mgoingtogiveeachofyouapictureandI'dlikeyoutofirstdescribeitbrieflyandthengiveyourcommentonwhatyouseeinthepicture.(PutPicture1forcandidatesinfrontofbothcandidates.)Picture1CandidateA,thisisyourpicture.Youhavethreeminutestotalkaboutit.CandidateB,listencarefullywhileCandidateAisspeaking.Whenhe/shehasfinished.I'dlikeyoutoaskhim/heraquestionaboutwhathe/shehassaid.CandidateA,wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?CandidateA:...(Aboutthreeminutes.)Interlocutor:Thankyou.Now,CandidateB,couldyoupleaseaskyourpartneraquestion?(Halfaminuteforaskingandansweringthequestion.)Interlocutor:Thankyou.Picture2CandidateB,thisisyourpicture.Youhavethreeminutestotalkaboutit.CandidateA,listencarefullywhileCandidateBisspeaking.Whenhe/shehasfinished.I'dlikeyoutoaskhim/heraquestionaboutwhathe/shehassaid.CandidateB,wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?CandidateB:...(Aboutthreeminutes.)Interlocutor:Thankyou.Now,CandidateA,couldyoupleaseaskyourpartneraquestion?(Halfaminuteforaskingandansweringthequestion.)Interlocutor:Thankyou.Thisistheendofthetest.

问答题Industrialsafeoperationhaslongbeenamatterofconsiderableconcernofourgovernment.Hove-ever,theoccurrenceofaccidents,especiallyofdeathaccidentsisstillincreasinginthepastfiveyearsdespitemuchgovernmentaleffort,Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperabouthowtocurbtherisingofdeathaccidentseffectively.Writeanessayforthesamenewspaperto(1)describethedrawing,(2)analyzethereasons,and(3)stateyourposition.Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthedrawingprintedbelow.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Interlocutor:Now,I"dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselvesandspeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutthePictureforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)I"dlikeyoutotalkaboutthephenomenonthatmoreandmorestudentsincollegearenowchoosingapart-timejob.Giveyourcommentonwhatyouseeinthepicture.Thispictureisforyourreference.Youhavethreeminutesforthis.Wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?

问答题Interlocutor:Now,I"dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselvesandspeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutPictureforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)Youareaskedtotalkaboutthepicturewhichshowsthatmoreandmoreadultsarenowgoingtoreceiveadulteducation.Pleasegiveyourcommentonthisphenomenon.Thispictureisforyourreference.Youhavethreeminutesforthis.Wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?

问答题 Direction: For this part you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Cars and Air Pollution". You should base your composition on the following lines. 1) 私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生； 2) 比较明显的大问题有…… 3) 我对这种现象的看法。You should write 160～200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.

问答题For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition based on the following directions: 　　1) Title: The Importance of Forgetting 　　2) Base the article on the following outline: 　　A. Put forward the idea that to forget is important. 　　B. Prove your idea with a supposition. 　　C. Conclusion. 　　You should write 160 - 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayonit.Inyouresssay,youshould(1)describethepicturebriefly,(2)analyzethissituation,and(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading Preferences. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below: Categories of books Percentage of book circulation in the libray Popular fiction 65.9% General Nonfiction 18.2% Science/Technology/Education 10.8% Art/Literature/Poetry 5.1%　　Reading preferences of students in an American university in 2002　　(1)根据上表,简要描述美国大学学生借阅图书的分布情况；　　(2)你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的说评论；　　(3)你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍?说明理由。

问答题Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoints, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks(" "). You should write 160-200 words. Some of the old worries about artificial intelligence were closely linked to the question of whether computers could think. The first massive electronic computers, capable of rapid calculation and little or no creative activity, were soon dubbed "electronic brains". A reaction to this terminology quickly followed, computers were called "high speed idiots", an effort to protect human vanity. But not everyone realized the implications of the high-speed idiot tag. It has not been pointed out enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was already a remarkable state of affairs. One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. We tend to assume that human beings think, some more than others, though we often call people thoughtless or unthinking. Dreams cause a problem, partly because they usually happen outside our control. They are obviously some type of mental experience, but are they a type of thinking? If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain, then many species are capable of thought. And what is true of thought is also true of the many other mental processes. One of the immense benefits of a research is that we are being forced to scrutinize, with new rigor, the working of the human mind. It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms. No fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer, nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as robots. It seems that, viewed in terms of intellect, the computer should be set well above plants and most animals. Only the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect and even then with diminishing success.

问答题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic: My View on Science and Technology. You should write an essay of 160～200words and you should base your composition on the following outline: 1) the benefits modern science and technology has brought to us; 2) its negative effects; 3) state your opinion.