问答题 The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.{{/U}} But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out -- often encouraged by college administrators.{{/U}} Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves -- they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain ~ all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school.{{/U}} We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things -- maybe it's just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not.{{/U}} This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.

问答题There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental: it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (61) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience: but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences: family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity: systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (62) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the eonduet of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains its importance. (63) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident: the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (64)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctive human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. (65)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.

问答题China's policy of developing the west is being carried out. As younger builders, we must have helpful suggestions for better construction of the West Region. Please list them in an essay on the topic "China's West Region Construction of the West". You should write 160- 200 words .

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan150words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.2.Giveyourcomments.

问答题Part A Task: Identifying oneself; identifying things/people; passing on information. Interlocutor: Good morning (afternoon). My name is...and this is my colleague... He/She is just going to be listening to us. And your names are...and...? Give me your mark sheets please. Thank you. (Hand over the mark sheets to the assessor.) First of all, we'd like to know something about you, Candidate A, so I'm going to ask you some questions. What is the biggest traditional festival in our country? What do you do during the Spring Festival? Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated in your country? Thank you. Now, we'd like to know something about you, Candidate B, so I'm going to ask you some questions. What changes have taken place in your hometown in the last 20 years? Has your life changed in the last 10 years, and if so, in what way? Is there anything you'd like to change in your life?

问答题Directions: Nowadays, the conflict between economic development and environmental protection has become more and more serious. What are your points of view? Write an essay of 160～200 words. Make your points of view clear. In your essay, you should 1) State your opinion; 2) Give your reasons and suggestions.

问答题In most cases, however, the extermination of one group by another has been the result of deliberate action.

问答题 　　If you plan to fly off on your holidays this Christmas or New Year, relax. Forget the fact that airliner crashes have killed more people in the world this year than ever before. According to aviation information consultancy Airclaims, 1,187 passengers have been killed in 1996, three times more than last year.　　61) UBut despite this increase, described by aviation experts as a statistical abnormality, the overall trend is for an even lower rate of accidents/U. Increased growth in travel may give the impression that the actual accident incidence is increasing.　　62) USpectacular catastrophes grab the headlines, like the mid-air collision between a Saudi Arabia Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakh Airlines Ilyushin IL-76 freighter near New Delhi last month, which killed 349/U. But the accidents on the world's roads kills hundreds of thousands of people and goes largely unreported.　　63) USo while you're strapped in your seat at 37.000 feet. and the first sign of clear air turbulence starts to rattle the ice in your gin. don't worry/U. The cruising section of air travel almost. never leads to accidents. It's the take-off and landing phase where most fatal accidents occur.　　Experts say it is still much safer than traveling in a car, unless you are in an elderly jet, or flying into relatively dangerous airspace over continents like Africa.　　"I don't want to be overly calm, but fortunately fatalities are relatively rare. Having an extra one or two crashes can make a considerable increase. The trend is to halve passenger deaths (per flight) every l0 years," said Airclaims director Paul Hayes. Flight International Safety editor David Learmount agrees. "There are about 40 accidents every year including cargo planes. We've had about 34 so far this year, so in terms of numbers it's not been bad," Learmount said. "But some have been very nasty this year. Since the previous worst year in 1985 (when 1,169 died in Western built planes) there was only about half the amount of aviation that there is now; so this year is markedly safer than 1985."　　According to Learmount, old planes still present sound safety records. However later, highly automated 747s and Airbuses do have a better safety record, Learmount said, using a Boeing study as an example. 64) USome experts worry about hidden problems which might show themselves in older planes, which tend to migrate to less developed countries' airlines while Western outfits buy new planes/U. 65) U"Older jets are a serious concern to the industry. Reservations are expressed privately about the number of older aircraft," said Paul Beaver, spokesman for Jane's Defence Weekly. "It's not a crisis, just something they've got to be aware of."/U

问答题 Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.{{/U}} Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and Systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos ("human") and logos ("the study of"). By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.{{/U}} Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.{{/U}} Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Tylor defined culture as"...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."{{/U}} This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit which Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.{{/U}}

问答题With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more people have access to it for information, entertainment and even education. As a new means of education, online education has caused much public concerti. There is a discussion in a local newspaper about this means of education. Write an essay on the topic Online Education for the same newspaper to state your (man opinion. You should base your essay on the fol- lowing outlines (given in Chinese): (1)目前网络教育已经形成一种热潮； (2)我认为这股热潮的原因是…… (3)我对网络教育的评价。 You should write 160～200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Redheads and people with flat feet were also to be avoided, but if the fisherman did happen to meet them, he could avert bad luck by speaking to them first.

问答题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. (61) You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. (62) It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems. (63) It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. (64) It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. (65) To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

问答题Directions: Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company, but others prefer to change jobs frequently. You should use specific reasons to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both sides.

问答题ThegraphshowsthepercentageofmenandwomenemployedinexecutivepositionsinACMEOilCompanyfromJuly1993toJune1994.Writeareportof160—200wordsforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshowninthegraph.OfficerGradeAHighestOfficerGradeELowest

问答题For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition based on the following directions: 1) Title: Private Cars in China 2) You should write an essay on the outline below in no less than 150 words. 3) Your essay should be written on ANSWER SHEET 2.A. Encourage or not encourage private cars.B. Use specific reasons to support your point of view.C. Measures of encouraging or limiting private cars. You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those natural systems. 61) There is a material and energy basis for the relations between human economies and their ecosystems, defining not only economic, but social, structures and processes. Economies possess general ecosystem properties, such as dynamism, evolution, integrity, stability and sustenance. Economies are embedded in larger natural ecosystems, and exchange flows of materials and energy with natural systems. 62) What makes humans and their economies unique as a sub-ecosystem is their ability, through willful effort, ignorance and human designed tools, to dramatically restructure and reform processes in ecosystems of which they are a part; The ability is to such a magnitude that human welfare can be diminished or enhanced by those original actions. Some types of economic activities, and the welfare that originates from them, would not be sustainable if they substantially adversely impact natural systems. 63) The willful effort to extract useful things from natural systems is motivated by the satisfaction of basic biological needs and the seemingly limitless search for pleasure through consumption of goods and through social associations. The magnitude of potential impact on their own welfare through effects on natural systems requires that human decisions be guided by some notion of the value of their actions and the value of their impacts on ecosystems, either in terms of benefits of use or costs of abuse. Some concept of value is required for rational activities of human economies within their natural systems. Both the structures and processes of natural systems have identifiable instrumental value to the human economy. These narrow use values may be reflected by the summation of individual values, to the extent they are private. However, natural systems also have aesthetic, moral and cultural values. These values are more intrinsic and unmeasurable using traditional human preferences. 64) Valuation is made more complicated by the fact that our natural environment is highly likely to shape values through establishing social and economic relations, aesthetic standards and culture. If so, our decisions now about the natural environment will shape future value systems, making values endogenous and, therefore, a poor guide to behavior. 65) A way out of this dilemma is to make valuations of natural systems based on "What we would like to see society become" rather than to ask what current valuations are. The value of natural systems is then based on their ability to assist us in becoming what we wish to be.

问答题Interlocutor:NowI'dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselves.Pleasespeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutthePicturesforcandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandeconomy,manyfamiliesbuytheirchildrenelectronicproducts.Somechildrenareaddictedtotheseproducts.Whatdoyouthinkofthat?Makeyourchoiceandgiveyourreasons.Thispictureisforyourreference.Youhavethreeminutesforthis.Wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?Picture