问答题some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plan at all for their free time. There is a discussion in the local newspaper on this issue: Which do you prefer — planning or not planning for your leisure time? Write an essay for the same newspaper to (1)compare the benefits of planning free time activities with the benefits of not making plans, (2)state your own choice, and (3)give reasons. for your choice. In your essay, you should use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. You should write 160～200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题1)该图是2010年3月～11月SNS(社交网络服务)类网站月度有效浏览时间变化：2)描述变化；3)说明原因。

问答题 Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. A consumer walks into a store. He stands in front of hundreds of boxes of laundry detergent. He chooses one brand, pays for it, and leaves. Why does he pick that specific kind of soap? Is it truly better than the others? Probably not. These days, many products are nearly identical to each other in quality and price. If products are almost the same, what makes consumers buy one brand instead of another? 61. {{U}}Although we might not like to admit it, commercials on television and advertisements in magazines probably influence us much more than we think they do.{{/U}} Advertising informs consumers about new products available on the market. It gives us information about everything from shampoo to toothpaste to computers and cars. But there is one serious problem with this. The "information" is actually very often "misinformation." It tells us the products' benefits but hides their disadvantages. 62. {{U}}Advertising not only leads us to buy things that we don' t need and can' t afford, but it also confuses our sense of reality.{{/U}} "Zoom toothpaste prevents cavities and gives you white teeth!" the advertisement tells us, but it doesn' t tell us the complete truth: that a healthy diet and a good toothbrush will have the same effect. Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives. Advertisements show us who we aren' t and what we don' t have. Our teeth aren' t white enough. Our hair isn' t shiny enough. Our clothes aren' t clean enough. Advertisements make us afraid that people won' t like us if we don' t use the advertised products. "Why don' t I have any dates?" a good-looking girl sadly asks in a commercial. "Here, "replies her roommate, "try Zoom tooth paste!" Of course she tries it, and immediately the whole football team falls in love with her. "That' s a stupid commercial," we might say. But we still buy Zoom toothpaste out of fear of being unpopular and having no friends. 63. {{U}}If fear is the negative motive for buying a product, then wanting a good self-image is the positive reason for choosing it.{{/U}} Each of us has mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. For example, a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star. A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong attractive athlete, Advertisers know this. They write specific ads to make certain group of people choose their product. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality; each person believes that he is expressing his personality by choosing that brand. Advertisers get psychologists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. These experts tell advertisers about the motives of fear and self-image. They also inform them about recent studies with colors and words. 64. {{U}}Psychologists have found that certain colors on the package of an attractive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors.{{/U}} Also, certain words attract our attention. For example, the words "new", "improved", "natural", and "giant size" are very popular and seem to pull our eyes and hands toward the package. Many people believe that advertising does not affect them. They know that there is freedom to choose, and they probably don' t realize the powerful effect of advertising. 65. {{U}}They may not clearly understand that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in aggressive competition for our money, and they are extremely successful.{{/U}} Do you believe that ads don' t influence your choice of products? Just look at the brands in your kitchen and bathroom.

问答题 The greatest impact on the family over the last 50 years has been the changing role of the wife. These changes have affected not only her life but also that of her husband and children 61){{U}}The family has changed from an economically, defined unit under the authority of the father and having minimal interpersonal emotional ties to a unit with strong emotional ties directed primarily by the mother to her husband and children.{{/U}} One important result was greater emotional and general psychological seclusion of the woman which clearly implied that the female role was culturally a secondary one. In recant decades it has become clear that for a distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable. For many the family is of diminishing importance. The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change. Today, over 80 percent of all women complete four years of high school as compared to only 35 percent in 1940. This is related to the fact that marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman. The proportion of women aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by the mld-1970s. 62){{U}}Child bearing is being postponed, so that compared to the 1960s, 10 percent fewer women bear their first child in the two .years immediately following, marriage{{/U}}. Furthermore, more women today remain childless. Work, older age at marriage, and fewer children are the basic changes that have taken place-in women's roles in recent years. The trend among women is toward increased education, and this is linked to other role changes. 63){{U}}The higher a woman's educational attainment, the more likely she is to work, to staff in the labor force longer, and to have more job opportunities available to her{{/U}}. This further suggests that when women axe married their work has a great impact on their marriages. For example, since working wives contribute 25 to 40 percent of their total family income, their position as decision-makers in the family is usually strengthened. 64){{U}}Weitz points out that the social trends towards increased education for women mean not only mort work experience but also delayed marriage and decreased fertility{{/U}}. These changes, in turn, point the way toward even greater labor force participation throughout the life cycle. The number of women entering the work force is rapidly increasing. Women outnumber men in the total population by about 7 million. 65){{U}}When that is added to the fact that labor force participation of males is slowly declining because of the trend toward earlier retirement, "it may not be too long before one out of every two American workers is a woman. "{{/U}}

问答题Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. (61) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (62) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. (63) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, (64) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments. (65) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

问答题Directions: Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media in China. You are required to analyze the reasons and express your point of view.

问答题Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement), or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes). {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}They are generally meant to identify the company's expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might arise in the course of doing business.{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness, consistency in application, and the avoidance of ethical disasters.{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the company's policies, specific case studies, and legal requirements.{{/U}} Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the company's rules of conduct. Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct. A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior. Lying has become expected in fields such as trading. An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers. Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct. Some claim that ethical problems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment. Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, and that they are mainly to limit the company's legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving the appearance of being a good corporate citizen. Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its employees will follow the rules. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen if the employee had only followed the code properly.{{/U}} Sometimes there is disconnection between the company's code of ethics and the company's actual practices. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, at worst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞两面派), and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool.{{/U}}

问答题Directions: Some people believe that students who want to attend colleges or universities after graduation from high school should spend one year taking a job to gain work experience or traveling to enlarge their vision. You should use specific reasons to state the advantages and disadvantages of this practice.

问答题To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer, for not measuring wind velocity.

问答题Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

问答题No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

问答题he opening up policy has brought about great advances in various fields in China, yet a few still claim that things were much better before. 　　There is a discussion in a newspaper on these two viewpoints. 　　Write an essay to the newspaper 　　1) criticizing their view and 　　2) justifying your stand. 　　In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the graphs printed below.

问答题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. It's now clear that the flood of money into emerging markets was another financial bubble. There was the housing bubble, of course. But before that there was the dot-corn bubble; before that the Asian bubble; before that the commercial real estate bubble. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}That last bubble, by the way, imposed a huge cost on taxpayers, who had to bail out failed savings-and-loan institutions.{{/U}} The thing is, it wasn't always thus. The 50s, the 60s, even the troubled 70s, weren't nearly as bubble-prone. So what changed? One popular answer involves blaming the Federal Reserve—the loose-money policies of Ben Bernanke and, before him, Alan Greenspan. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}And it's certainly true that for the past few years the Fed has tried hard to push down interest rates, both through conventional policies and through unconventional measures like buying long-term bonds{{/U}}. The resulting low rates certainly helped send investors looking for other places to put their money, including emerging markets. But the Fed was only doing its job. It's supposed to push interest rates down when the economy is depressed and inflation is low. And what about the series of earlier bubbles, which, at this point, reach back a generation? {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}I know that there are some people who believe that the Fed has been keeping interest rates too low, and printing too much money, all along.{{/U}} But interest rates in the 80s and 90s were actually high by historical standards, and even during the housing bubble they were within historical norms. Besides, isn't the sign of excessive money printing supposed to be rising inflation? We've had a whole generation of successive bubbles—and inflation is lower than it was at the beginning. The other obvious culprit is financial deregulation—not just in the U.S. but around the world, and including the removal of most controls on the international movement of capital. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Banks gone wild were at the heart of the commercial real estate bubble of 1980s and the housing bubble that burst in 2007.{{/U}} Cross-border flows of hot money were at the heart of the Asian crisis of 1997-1 998 and the crisis now erupting in emerging markets—and were central to the ongoing crisis in Europe, too. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}In short, the main lesson of this age of bubbles—a lesson that India, Brazil, and others are learning once again—is that when the financial industry is set loose to do its thing, it lurches from crisis to crisis.{{/U}}

问答题1) Many people regard it absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English exam in China. 2) However, some others hold different opinions. 3) As far as I am concerned, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.