问答题In the 16th and 17th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education. Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psych-educational thought. He wrote texts thai were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius. 61)He recommended that instruction start with the general and then move tc the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses. He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach; and that parents have a role to play in the schooling of their children. The contributions of one of our many ancestors often are overlooked, yet Juan Luis Vires wrote very much as a contemporary educational psychologist might in the first part of the 16th century. 62)He stated to teachers and others with educational responsibilities, such as those in government and commerce, that there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned, and in this way he anticipated Herbart and the 19th-century psychologists. He noted that what is to be learned must be practiced, and in this way he anticipated Thorndike's Law of Exercise. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, anticipating Dewey. 63) He wrote about individual differences and about the need to adjust instruction for all students, and anticipated the work of educational and school psychologists in the area of special education. He discussed the school's role in moral growth, anticipating the work of Dewey, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan. He wrote about learning being dependent on self-activity, a precursor to contemporary research on meta-cognition, where the ways in which the self monitors its own activities are studied. Finally, 64 )Vives anticipated both the contemporary motivational theorists who avoid social comparisons and those researchers who find the harmful elements of norm-referenced testing to outweigh their advantages, by writing about the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments and not in comparison with other students. 65) Thus, long before we claimed our professional identity, there were individuals thinking intelligently about what we would eventually call educational psychology, preparing the way for the scientific study of education.

问答题Interlocutor:NowIamgoingtogiveyouapictureandI"dlikeyoutofirstdescribeitbrieflyandthengiveyourcommentonwhatyouseeinthepicture.(PutPictureforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidates)Youareaskedtotalkaboutthevariouswaysofpeoplespendingtheirfestivalsnowadays.CandidateA,thisisyourpicture.Youhavethreeminutestotalkaboutit.CandidateB,listencarefullywhileCandidateAisspeaking.Whenhe/shehasfinished,I"dlikeyoutoaskhim/heraquestionaboutwhathe/shehassaid.CandidateA,wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?Interlocutor:Thankyou.Now,CandidateB,couldyoupleaseaskyourpartneraquestion?

问答题Write a composition on the following topic: "People behave differently when they wear different clothes." Do you agree or disagree with the statement above? Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. You should write 160--200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Although there have been recent attempts to portray the holocaust as a secret undertaking of the Nazi elite that was not widely supported by the German people, historical evidence suggests otherwise.

问答题Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Man's preoccupation with time derives ultimately from his unique relationship to it. All animals are changed by it. But only human can manipulate it.{{/U}} Like Proust, the French author whose experiences became his literary capital, man can remember the past. He can also summon up things to come, displaying imagination and foresight along with his memory. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}It can be argued that memory and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence; that man's ability to manipulate time, to employ both past and future as guides to present actions, is what makes him human.{{/U}} To be sure, many animals can react to time after a fashion. A rat can learn to press a lever that will, after delay of some 25 seconds, reward it with a bit of food. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But if the delay stretches beyond 30 seconds, the animal is at a loss. It can no longer associate reward so far in the future with present action.{{/U}} Monkeys, more intelligent than rats, are better able to deal with time. If one of them is allowed to see food being hidden under one of two cups, it can choose the right cup even after 90 seconds has passed. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But after that time interval, the monkey's hunt for the food is no better than chances predicts.{{/U}} With the apes, man's nearest cousins, "time sense" takes a bit step forward. Even under the laboratory conditions, quite different from those they encounter in the wild, apes sometimes show excellent abilities to manipulate the present to obtain a future goal. Let's take a chimpanzees (黑猩猩) for example. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}They can learn to stack four boxes, one atop the other, as a platform from which it can reach a hanging banana. They also carry their ability to cope with the present action by means of tools like human being.{{/U}} And it is by the making of tools—physical tools as crude as a stone chopper, mental tools are subtle as a mathematical question—that man characteristically prepares for future contingencies. Chimpanzees in the wild have been seen to strip a twig of its leaves to make a probe for extracting termites from their holes. Significantly, however, the ape does not make this tool before setting out on a termite hunt, but only when it actually sees the insects or their nest, Here, as with the banana and the crates, the ape can only deal with a future that is immediate and visible—and thus halfway into the present.

问答题For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition about "Honesty". Your essay should include the following points:1) what is honesty?2) how important is honesty?3) how to behave in the life in an honest way?Your whole composition should be about 160-200 words. Remember to write clearly or ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题1.Youmustgiveabriefexplanationofthecharts.2.Youmustfindreasonsforthechanges.3.Youmaywriteimpactsofchangesonthesocietyasawhole.

问答题情景： 明天是星期天。按照计划，你们班准备组织同学们进行参观和植树活动。请你以班长的身份，通知同学们参加。 任务： 请你用英语写一则50字左右的通知，告诉同学们： (1)明天上午8点钟在校门口集合； (2)上午参观美术馆，下午到公园植树； (3)天气预报有雨，自备雨具。 请用下面格式： NoticeAttention please, ______________________________ ______________________________Monitor of Class TwoOct.11,2011

问答题Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2)givecommentsonthisphenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题I have noticed that children are not even being school in social graces. At a Sunday brunch, a clown was making balloon animals for the children. 61) My friend's daughter, Sarah, stood by me waiting for her turn. The children grabbed their balloons one by one and ran. 62) I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say" when the clown handed Sarah her balloon. The clown beamed at us, grateful he had actually been acknowledged. I don't blame the children, however. They emulate what they see. 63) And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition -- be it another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway -- without ever stopping to thank the source. Rude language is now so common that it is accepted behavior. And I'm not talking about the obviously blue vocabulary in books and movies, or that damn is considered harmless compared to what else has become acceptable. I'm referring to inconsiderate word choice. For example, while discussing a story idea with an editor, a very young stall member asked if I was the "chick" who had called for information. I said nothing, knowing that a show of displeasure would have labeled me oversensitive rather than him rude. 64) Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally ever before. And, yes, we have made real strides in these areas. But isn't it ironic that these same people don't find it necessary to say "Excuse me" to an older couple walking very slowly in front of them, before zooming around the couple? It's not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what has happened to our society. The matter at hand is simply to thank the next person who provides a helping hand when needed. In a crowded world, manners are very important. Small, friendly human interactions help ease the everyday stress of having to hurry, trying to squeeze onto a crowded thoroughfare, standing in one more line to deal with a clerk of some kind, or calling a customer service representative for the third time about a mistake on a bill. Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. 65) Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?

问答题Interlocutor:I'mgoingtogiveeachofyouapictureandI'dlikeyoutofirstdescribeitbrieflyandthengiveyourcommentonwhatyouseeinthepicture.(PutPictureforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidates.)CandidateA,thisisyourpicture.Youhavethreeminutestotalkaboutit.CandidateB,listencarefullywhileCandidateAisspeaking.Whenhe/shehasfinished,I'dlikeyoutoaskhim/heraquestionaboutwhathe/shehassaid.CandidateA,wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?CandidateA:(about3minutes)Interlocutor:Thankyou.Now,CandidateB,couldyoupleaseaskyourpartneraquestion?(Halfaminuteforaskingandansweringthequestion.)CandidateB:(about3minutes)Interlocutor:Thankyou.Now,CandidateA,couldyoupleaseaskyourpartneraquestion?(Halfaminuteforaskingandansweringthequestion.)图片说明：主要讨论缺水问题：(土地由于干旱开裂，树木干枯，缺水严重。)

问答题Love is always an eternal topic on earth. To some people, if there is no love, one will live a dull and boring life. While other people believe that love is blind. Love is an sensitive topic on campus. In your essay, give your views on love in college. You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题As I am one of that sauntering tribe of mortals, who spend the greatest part of their time in taverns. coffee-houses and other places of public resort. I have thereby an opportunity of observing an infinite variety of characters, which, to a person of contemplative turn, is a much higher entertainment than a view of all the curiosities of art or nature. Amongst a multiplicity of other topics. we took occasion to talk of the different characters of the several nations of Europe; when one of the gentle men, cocking his hat, and assuming such an air of importance as if he had possessed all the merit of the English nation in his own person, declared that the Dutch were a parcel of avaricious wretches; the French a set of flattering sycophants; that the Germans were drunken sots and beastly gluttons; and the Spaniards proud, haughty, and surly tyrants; but that in bravery generosity clemency, and in every other virtue, the English excelled all the rest of the world.

问答题There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (62) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1, 000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. (63) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feelings too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, " he says. (64) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration. "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. " Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. (65) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.