问答题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (61) At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. (62) This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (63) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opirli0n resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (64) We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. (65) The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

问答题 There is a range of factors that affect the demand for private rental accommodation in Astoria. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}In the past, the 20～29 year age group has had the highest rental participation rates. A continued decline over the next decade in the size of this group indicates a long-term easing of demand. Other factors may also have an adverse effect on rental demand, such as falls in the rates of overseas immigration or high unemployment rates,{{/U}} especially among younger age groups. Furthermore, a decline in the participation in full-time employment of those in the 18～24 year age group will also have a negative influence on demand. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}On the other hand. a factor that may reverse these trends will be the ongoing difficulties faced by low to moderate income groups in buying their own homes and the long waiting periods for public housing{{/U}}. In Astoria, landlords play an important role as suppliers of housing in the private rental market. Generally, they fall into one of six categories. Firstly, the absentee landlord is an individual who, rather than making a conscious investment decision, is forced to rent out his or her own home while away for a period of time. The absentee landlord typically holds no more than one property but, as a group, they control approximately 25% of rental properties in Astoria. The survey found that this group represents approximately 37% of landlords. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Next. the equity investor is the type of landlord who holds between two and four properties over many years with the intention of complete ownership to provide income in retirement{{/U}}. This group controls about 25% of private rental properties. Similarly, the negative gearer owns a number of properties in the same range but only for a medium-term period. The investment is used to reduce overall taxation and the properties generally are sold when equity reaches 40~50%. This type of investor controls approximately 20% of all private rental properties. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Another type of landlord is the property speculator who holds at least five properties and is always trying to increase the number. _Property speculators generally own properties for a moderate to long period.{{/U}} Furthermore, they generate levels of equity equal to about 50% of the value of their properties. The equity is then reinvested in additional properties. Rental income approximately equals costs. The property manager and the property speculator equally share 25% of private rental properties in Astoria. The former type of landlord also has large numbers of properties but with equity levels three-quarters of the value of the properties. A property manager is typically an incorporated company whose main business is in the property field. The properties are held for long periods and the rental income generated significantly exceeds costs. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The final category, is that of the casual landlord who is typically a person who informally lets a room or shares the house he or she lives in. usually as a means of easing loan cost.{{/U}} Landlords in this group tend to own only the building they live in and are thought to make up the remaining share of the rental market.

问答题A fable is a story that usually has animals us the main characters and teaches a moral or a lesson. Tell the fable "the fox and the grapes" written by the Greek writer Aesop in writing and give the moral at the end.You story should be written in 160 - 200 words on ANSWER SHEET2.

问答题The authors attribute each tower's collapse to three separate but related "loading events". 61) The first event was a Boeing aircraft hitting the building, cutting through the exterior structure and creating a fireball that immediately consumed some of the estimated 10.000 gallons (38 kiloliters) of jet fuel. The high-rises structural systems were sufficiently redundant. However, that this major damage by itself did not cause the collapse. According to the report, "most of the load supported by the failed columns is believed to have been transferred to adjacent perimeter columns through Vierendeel behavior of the exterior wall frame". 62) The second event was the continuing tire. fed both by the remaining jet fuel and the office contents of furniture and paper. 63) This fire heated and weakened the structural systems. adding stress to the damaged structure. Meanwhile, the sprinklers were not operating as designed, "Even if these systems had not been compromised by the impacts," says the report, "they would likely have been ineffective... 64) the initial flash fires of jet fuel would have opened so many sprinkler heads that the systems would have quickly depressurized and been unable to effectively deliver water to the large area of fire involvement." The third event was a progressive collapse: 65) "As the large mass of the collapsing floors above accelerated and impacted the floors below, it caused an immediate progressive series of floor failures, punching each in turn onto the floor below, accelerating as the sequence progressed. Freestanding exterior walls.., buckled at the bolted column splice connections and also collapsed./

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}Write an essay on making friends. In your essay, make full use of the information provided below. (1) Why do people need friends? (2) What is friend? (3) How to make friends? You should write approximately 160—200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.{{/I}}

问答题Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoints, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks(" "). You should write 160-200 words. American beverage giant Coca-Cola is offering a hefty "environmental hardship allowance" to its China-based expatriate employees, as foreign companies struggle to attract and retain staff with many people scared off by chronic pollution. China"s hazardous air pollution, with just three out of 74 cities last year meeting minimum government standards, has become the key issue for foreign companies looking to post workers to cities such as Beijing or Shanghai. Many companies offer better medical insurance benefits, more paid trips home and subsidies for air filters to the roughly half a million foreigners working in China. Australian architectural firm Hassell provides its staff in China with face masks to travel to and from work. It also changes its air filters every week during periods of heavy pollution. "In Australia, you might do that every year," said Peter Duncan, Hassell"s managing director for Asia, who is based in Shanghai. Three decades of double-digit growth and lax regulation has taken its toll on China"s environment. According to environment ministry statistics only three cities out of 74 met government standards for pollution last year. In Beijing, more than half of the days in May failed to meet government standards for air quality, while Shanghai fared slightly better with 58 per cent of days in the commercial capital-considered satisfactory. The World Health Organisation said earlier this year that air pollution was responsible for the deaths of 3.7 million people under the age of 60 across the globe in 2012. Peter Arkell, managing director Asia for recruitment firm Swann Global, said the Coca-Cola allowance showed the company was having trouble retaining and attracting staff to China. "I hear more and more stories about executives not extending their contracts because they don"t think China is a good place to bring up a family," he said. "It (the environmental payment) is a way of addressing the air pollution issue but it does look like a pretty generous payment to me."

问答题61) Man's preoccupation with time derives ultimately from his unique relationship to it. All animals are changed by it. But only human can manipulate it. Like Proust, the French author whose experiences became his literary capital, man can remember the past. He can also summon up things to come, displaying imagination and foresight along with his memory. 62) It can be argued that memory and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence; that man's ability to manipulate time, to employ both past and future as guides to present actions, is what makes him human. To be sure, many animals can react to time after a fashion. A rat can learn to press a lever that will, after delay of some 25 seconds, reward it with a bit of food. 63) But if the delay stretches beyond 30 seconds, the animal is at a loss. It can no longer associate reward so far in the future with present action. Monkeys, more intelligent than rats, are better able to deal with time. If one of them is allowed to see food being hidden under one of two cups, it can choose the right cup even after 90 seconds has passed. 64) But after that time interval, the monkey's hunt for the food is no better than chances predicts. With the apes, man's nearest cousins, "time sense" takes a bit step forward. Even under the laboratory conditions, quite different from those they encounter in the wild, apes sometimes show excellent abilities to manipulate the present to obtian a future goal. Let's take a chimpanzees(黑猩猩) for example. 65) They can learn to stack four boxes, one atop the other, as a platform from which it can reach a hanging banana. They also carry their ability to cope with the present action by means of tools like human being. And it is by the making of tools -- physical tools as crude as a stone chopper, mental tools are subtle as a mathematical question -- that man characteristically prepares for future contingencies. Chimpanzees in the wild have been seen to strip a twig of its leaves to make a probe for extracting termites from their holes. Significantly, however, the ape does not make this tool before setting out on a termite hunt, but only when it actually sees the insects or their nest. Here, as with the banana and the crates, the ape can only deal with a future that is immediate and visible -- and thus halfway into the present.

问答题 Directions: You are asked to write 160～200 words under the title of The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring. You should base your composition on the outline given in English below: Outline: 1) Advantages of private tutoring 2) Disadvantages of private tutoring 3) My general opinions toward the pros and cons of private tutoring

问答题{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science, I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue{{/U}}. For example Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don't know in much detail how the change in our eyes give rise to sensation. But there is every reason to think that as we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment.{{/U}} That is one reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries. But we have got to prepare for the future, and we cannot do so rationally without some philosophy. Some people say we have only got to do the duties revealed in the past, and laid down by religion, and God will look after the future. Others say that the world is a machine, and the course of future events is certain, whatever efforts we may make. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Marxists say that the future depends on ourselves, even though we are part of the historical process. This philosophical view certainly does inspire people to very. great achievements.{{/U}} Whether it is ture or not (and I think it is true)it is a powerful guide to action. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}We need a philosophy, then, to help us to tackle the future. Agnosticism easily becomes an excuse for laziness and conservatism.{{/U}} Whether we adopt Marxism or any other philosophy, we cannot understand it without knowing something of how it developed. That is why a knowledge of the history of philosophy is important to Marxists, even during the present critical days.

问答题Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayin35minutes.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:(1)Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.(2)Giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Interlocutor:NowI'dlikeyoutotalkaboutsomethingbetweenyourselvesandspeakloudlysothatwecanhearyou.Youshouldtakecaretosharetheopportunityofspeaking.(PutPicturesforCandidatesinfrontofbothcandidatesandgiveinstructionswithreferencetothepicture.)Youaregoingtotalkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflivingincityandcountryside.Pleasediscussaboutwhereyouprefertolive.Thepicturesareforyourreference.Youhavethreeminutesforthis.Wouldyouliketobeginnow,please?

问答题Work can bring us happiness. Write an essay on the topic of Work and Happiness. The first sentence is given and you're required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be 160-200 words. You should write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Work and Happiness Happiness is dependent upon work. ___________________________________

问答题Resignation is of two sorts, one rooted in despair, the other in unconquerable hope. The man who has suffered such fundamental defeat that he has given up hope of serious achievement may learn the resignation of despair, and if he does, he will abandon all serious activity. He may camouflage his despair by religious phrases, or by the doctrine that contemplation is the true end of man, but whatever disguise he may adopt to conceal his inward defeat, he will remain essentially useless and fundamentally unhappy. The man whose resignation is based on unconquerable hope acts in quite a different way. Hope which is to be unconquerable must be large and impersonal. Whatever my personal activities, I may be defeated by death, or by certain kinds of diseases; I may be overcome by my enemies; I may find that I have embarked upon an unwise course which cannot lead to success. In a thousand ways the failure of purely personal hopes may be unavoidable, but if personal aims have been part of larger hopes for humanity, there is not the same utter defeat when failure comes.

问答题 61. {{U}}Sweden has got a population of only 8 million, but it is a large country with an area of 450,000 square kilometers. {{/U}}62. {{U}}There are frontiers with Norway to the west and Finland to the east and the distance from the southern to northern coasts is very long.{{/U}} In 1977, the Swedish king was Charles XVI and the Prime Minister was Mr. Fielding. 63. {{U}}Sweden is neutral and is not a member of the European Economic Community (EEC).{{/U}} Its last war was from 1813 to 1814 when its army under the first Bemadotte king of Sweden was at the battle of Leipzig against Napoleon. 64. {{U}}Sweden's principal trading partners are Germany and Great Britain. Her main exports are machinery, paper, cars and iron and steel.{{/U}} In 1971, machinery was 26% and cars 10% of her exports, and exports were greater than imports by 2,000 million crowns. Between 1963 and 1971 there was an increase of 61% in industrial production. Sweden is a wealthy country. Taxes are high but her people are very well-off. With Denmark and Norway, Sweden has got her own airline, SAS. Her air force is very strong and she has got her own SAAB fighters. 65. {{U}}Sweden is famous for the Nobel Prize, for the films of Ingmar Bergman, for the plays of Strindberg, and for Volvo cars.{{/U}} Stockholm is one of the loveliest cities in the world.

问答题Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:1)describethecartoon,interpretitsmeaning,and2)givecommentsonthisphenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.