问答题It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (63) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (64) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (65) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50M took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (66) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (67) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "United we stand, divided we fall"—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

问答题 61) {{U}}In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. {{/U}}The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. 62) {{U}}In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare mole fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".{{/U}} If the process goes too far and man's role is not regarded as important as before -- and that has happened in some cases -- we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. We should reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of "Momism", but we don't want to change it into a "Neo-popism". What we need is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equality. 63) {{U}}There are signs that psychologists and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit, nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is at home. {{/U}}64) {{U}}We are beginning, however, to study a man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. {{/U}} 65) {{U}}The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down roles, because each family member needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. {{/U}} Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

问答题 Directions : Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Neither the Americans nor the Russians have the resources to continue human space flight on their own; both sides know they need each other. 61) {{U}}It's much easier and cheaper to get used to each other and to blend differing operating styles, languages, and systems on the aged Mir (a Russian word for "peace" ) than trying to do that while jointly building a new space station.{{/U}} NASA, in fact, calls its program of shuttle flights to Mir Phase 1 of the International Space Station( ISS ). Phase 2 marks the beginning of actual construction. The procedures used to dock the shuttle to Mir, for example, also will be used as a lifeboat for the ISS. And Progress freighters, like the one that crashed into Mir in June, will haul cargo to the ISS. 62) {{U}}One unintended benefit of Mir's technical troubles is that they have actually forced the two nations to work much more closely together than they had planned.{{/U}} Except for a brief period in the 1970s with Skylab,NASA has never operated a space station; the Russians have been running them for years. Astronauts have long been trained intensively to perform specific tasks on shuttle flights lasting 18 days or less. 63) {{U}}Russian astronauts, however, learn more general skills, since they spend many months in orbit and no one can forecast all the problems they might encounter.{{/U}} As a result of shuttle-Mir experience, NASA is revising astronaut training to include more of the general skills they will need on the ISS. NASA decided to send astronauts to Mir based on its long record of safe operation. But this year, crews aboard Mir have faced two of the most serious emergencies in the history of human space flight. 64) {{U}}In February, an oxygen generator caught fire, shooting out 4-foot-long jets of flame like; fire extinguishers were bolted in place, delaying reaction to the fire.{{/U}} In June, a Progress Freighter collided with the Spektr module, puncturing it. Spektr had to. be sealed off to prevent all the air from leaking from the spacecraft. 65) {{U}}The ancient computer that controls Mir has failed many times, causing most other systems, including the one that keeps the station's solar panels pointed at the sun, to shut down.{{/U}} One failure in August occurred while a Progress was docking. Last week, the computer crashed again, the carbon dioxide removal system shut down, and a mysterious brown fluid-probably rocket fuel -- appeared to leak from the station.

问答题British Universities and Polytechnics The two best-known universities in England are also the oldest seats of learning: Oxford and Cambridge. These two universities date back to the 13th century and they consist of a number of colleges founded and built, for the most part, in the early years of the universities" existence. For both the resident students and the visitors, the universities are collection of buildings of great historical interest. 1 It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that the creation of more universities was seen to be either necessary or desirable. One of the first new foundations was London University (1827) which, following the organisational structure of the ancient of foundations, also consists of a number of constituent colleges. New provincial universities were established in the early part of the century—Sheffield (1905) and Bristol (1909) being among the first—and these set up a different pattern of university life. Most of the teaching and lecturing takes place in the main buildings of the university and the students live in hostels or lodgings in the town. In 1945 there were 17 universities in Britain; by 1967 there were 45. A period of very rapid expansion took place in the middle sixties when 10 new institutions were granted university status by Royal Charter. These modern universities do not in many respects resemble their older counterparts. 2 Much more emphasis is placed on advanced studies in science and technology and the newer social science disciplines than on the arts and humanities. For the most part of the buildings the students live and work in are severely functional and there is the hum and bustle of continuous activity. The quiet gardens and enclosed quadrangles of Oxford and Cambridge belong to another world. This is inevitable, for the universities like everything else must change and adapt themselves to meet the needs and demands of a new age. 3 In recent years there had been a very rapid increase in the numbers of young people (especially girls) seeking higher education. Between 1962 and 1975, the number of students in higher education more than doubled from 222,400 to 497,000. Part of this increase is accounted for by the creation of thirty polytechnics which offer a wide range of courses leading to the recognized qualifications. The polytechnics were created by amalgamating existing specialised colleges and colleges of Advanced Technology into one institution; these new establishments undertake a considerable amount of work which is comparable in standard to that of the universities and an increasing proportion of their students qualify for degrees validated by the Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA). 4 For those people who missed the opportunity for higher education at the age of eighteen to thereabouts, a major innovation in the academic world now provides a second chance. The Open University was founded in 1971; it offers tuition to degree standard to anyone who chooses to register—there are no formal academic qualifications required for entry. 5 The courses are taught through radio and television programmes and by correspondence with Open University tutors. By 1796 there were more than 90,000 students enrolled for Open University courses and there are several thousand people who are the proud holder of a B.A. degree from the Open University.

问答题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed35minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegraphbelow.Rememberthatyourcompositionshouldbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline:(1)Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph.(2)Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity.(3)Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Whether trying to live with the depressing spectacle of drought or battling rampaging floods or suffering with a debilitating disease caused by contaminated drinking supplies, people in almost every corner of the world have had their problems with the vagaries of water. Although water covers much of our planet, more than 97% is in the oceans. Another 2% is unusable ice. Moreover, much of the remainder is polluted. So much for the supposed abundance! Developed and developing countries alike are now talking about a crisis. What of the future? Will water needs reach a peak? Unhappily, UN experts expect demands to double in the next 25 years. 61. This will coincide with increasing population and industrialization and the attendant risk of factory and human waste further contaminating rivers, lakes and ground water. So, is there any hope of a solution? The answer, fortunately, is that the problem is being tackled. 62. Specialists in many countries are developing methods to improve supply and conservation and protect quality, and a number of ambitious programs have been undertaken. Good forecasting--including predictions of snow, rain, river levels and soil loss--can help scientists head off, or at least cope with floods. Canals can ease one of the major water-related problems, drought. With something tike three quarters of the world' s fresh water tied up as ice, plans to drag icebergs to drought areas have been around for a long time; attempts to overcome the drawbacks are still being made. A great deal of energy would be needed to the ice and pump the water inland, and the ice might melt before reaching its destination. In addition, research into desalting seawater continues with new and improving desalting methods although no method can yet promise truly low-cost fresh water. Fossil water--underground water dating back to the ice age could be drilled for in some areas but supplies are non-renewable. Work continues in all these areas. It is obvious that a lot of time, money and research is going into finding solutions to some of the problems. 63. However, worldwide, the ugly fact remains that something like 250 million new cases of waterborne diseases are discovered every year and 25,000 people die from them every day. Pollution continues to plague all of us. "Even as the rain falls", says Russell W. Peterson, former chairman of the US Council on Environmental Quality, "It scours pollutants from the air. In fact, nearly all the pollutants the people of the world discharge into the air end up in our water systems." 64. Therefore, whether tainted by industrial waste, sewage or other pollution, unreliable water supplies frequently create breeding grounds for deadly water-borne diseases when safeguards and purification are inadequate. Millions of people, therefore, continue to be affected by water-related problems and contrary to popular belief, future water supplies are not inexhaustible. So the situation is very serious, especially in view of the UN estimates of demand. 65. Although projects to provide ever increasing supplies of water indicate that a growing number of countries are aware of the present problems and of those to come, these more often than not are highly expensive and not very practical, and very time-consuming when time is commodity in short supply. Therefore, while research in these areas is important, the eventual solution would definitely appear to be worldwide conservation and pollution controlin other words, a greater respect for our most valuable natural resource.

问答题Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoints", and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks(" "). You should write 160-200 words. Icebergs are among nature"s most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being—somewhere—in far away, frigid waters, and thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed. Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green, or purple, tinted faintly of darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring in calm, sunlit seas. But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are—in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about a while and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundred, or many thousand, or in some cases, maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar-regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each year"s snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned into icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.

问答题Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers.{{/U}} Yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. And it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man's exposure to damaging substances can affect his offspring, pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said Gladys Friedler, of the Boston University School of Medicine.{{/U}} "This is puzzling", she said. "Most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? The health of men as well as women should be of concern." In the US, 2500000 children are born with birth defects each year. In 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}These figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems.{{/U}} Many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man's environment can influence the health of children. "If the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women." Despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men's effects on development, she said. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances.{{/U}} This has led to some bitter disputes between the women and their employers in the US. The most famous case, now before the Supreme Court, pits a group of women and their union against Johnson Controls, a company which makes batteries. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children.{{/U}} The irony is that children born to men working in the factory are probably just as much at risk.

问答题For this part you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic" Cars and Air Pollution". You should base your composition on the following lines. (1)私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生； (2)比较明显的人问题有…… (3)我对这种现象的看法。 You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2．

问答题China's policy of developing the west is being carried out. As younger builders, we must have helpful suggestions for better construction of the West Region. Please list them in an essay on the topic "China's West Region Construction of the West". You should write 160- 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.