单选题Eton College is a famous ______ of UK. A) college B) comprehensive school C) public school D) university

单选题Questions 17—20 are based on the following passage you will hear You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} As West Nile virus creeps toward California, an unlikely warrior could provide the first line of defense: the chicken. The familiar fowl make irresistible targets for mosquitoes. Unlike crows, chickens don't get sick from West Nile. But they do produce telltale antibodies to the virus. So in test coops scattered across the state, more than 2000" sentinel chickens" submit to frequent blood tests. When antibodies do turn up, California health officials will know that the inevitable has occurred: the West Nile epidemic will have swept the country. Last week alone, more than 100 new human cases of West Nile were reported. The virus was detected as far west as Colorado and Wyoming, infecting 371 and killing 16 people in 20 states plus the District of Columbia. This year West Nile appeared earlier' in the mosquito season--mid-June instead of August--and claimed younger victims; the average age dropped from 65 to 54. Federal health officials are still trying to figure out why, but say they may be finding more West Nile precisely because they're on the lookout for it. As Dr. Julie Gerberding, the new director of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), recently told reporters, We re not in crisis mode. When West Nile hit New York City in 1999,the CDC realized it was a "victim of its own success. Because health officials had conquered most mosquito-borne diseases decades ago, many states abolished their mosquito-control programs. The Feds rushed in with funds -- some $ 50 million since 1999, plus $ 31 million more this year alone -- to train insect researchers, set up state testing labs and kill off the annoying insects. The CDC established a new computer monitoring system and held strategy sessions with state officials. Some epidemiologists question the focus -- and the millions -- lavished on a virus that's killed fewer than 20. "There's an epidemic in gun violence that's taking more lives than West Nile virus," says Dr. William Steinmann, director of the Tulance Center for Clinical Effectiveness and Prevention. But the Feds say their efforts have kept West Nile from doing far more damage. "We're basically building the infrastructure to deal with this over the next 50 years, "says Dr. Lyle Peterson, a CDC epidemiologist. "This is here to stay. " So far, there are no remedies for West Nile. Officials eventually expect the virus to settle into a quiet pattern of mild infections with occasional outbreaks. To do battle at home, the CDC recommends eliminating standing water and using insect spray with DEET -- simple precautions, but the best defense against an invader that shows no signs of going away.

单选题Questions 11--13 are based on the talk about Olympic Games. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.

单选题If a adder hears you approaching, it will usually ______.

单选题{{I}} Questions 17-20 are based on the following interview. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 17-20.{{/I}}

单选题Questions 11—13 are based on the following talk about literature in the 19th and the 20th centuries. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11—13.

单选题 Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the PhD programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done? There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will "create jobs") are allowed to immigrate= A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i. e. , a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital. Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their PhDs must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers. The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the US Department of Labor must, on the basis of a US employer's sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job". Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service(INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right; there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent). The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, but it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel. We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Phi) in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.

单选题Birds that are literally half-asleep---with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping- control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemi- spheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye con- trolled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere" s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-or-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds dozing(打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots. "We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain, "the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He"s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half-sleeping might be, it"s only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds" half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg (冰山)”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

单选题From the passage, what information can be inferred about the event in 1993?

单选题 Unfortunately, most of the science fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001: A Space Odyssey, skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, which appeared in 1968, set new standards for science fiction films. During the next decade, every one of the dozens of science fiction movies released was compared to 2001, and all but a few found sadly lacking. Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinion, much of the movie's power and appeal was achieved through relatively inexpensive means. For example, the musical score, which was adapted in large part from well-known classical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel sequences. Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music. After 2001, the dominant theme of science fiction films shifted from the adventures of space travel to the problems created on earth by man's mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of technology by a totalitarian state. Overpopulation and the accompanying shortages of food prompt the state to impose extraordinary controls on its citizens. No fewer than twenty-nine films were made around this theme in the years between 1970 and 1977, including Survivors and Chronicle. In the opinion of this reviewer, until Star Wars was released in 1977, science fiction films were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising to a greater or lesser degree a series of repetitive plots. But Star Wars was different. It offered us a return to imaginative voyages in space and confrontation with intelligent life on other planets. Unlike the other science fiction films of the decade, Star Wars presented technology as having solved rather than aggravated ecological problems. The special effects created to simulate space vehicles traveling very fast through the blackness of the universe were similar to the artistic standards set by 2001.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. "Is this what you like to accomplish with your careers?" an American senator asked Time Warner executives recently. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soulsearching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self-examination that has, at different times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over from the late Steve Ross in the early 1990s. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat when we face any threats." Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he proclaimed that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say some of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."

单选题 Questions 17—20 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 17—20.

单选题Questions 14--16 are based on a report about a book, "Paris: Capital of the World. " You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.

单选题After the Anasazi abandoned southwestern Colorado in the late 1200s or early 1300s, history's pages are blank. The Anasazi were masons and apartment builders who occupied the deserts, river valleys, and mesas of this region for over a thousand years, building structures that have weathered the test of time. The first Europeans to visit southwestern Colorado were the ever- restless, ambitious Spanish, who sought gold, pelts, and slaves. In1765, under orders from the Spanish governor in Santa Fe, Juan Maria Antonio Rivera led a prospecting and trading party into the region. Near the Dolores River in southwestern Colorado, he found some insignificant silver-bearing rocks, and it is thought that it was he who named the mountains nearby the Sierra de la Plata or the Silver Mountains. Rivera found little of commercial value that would interest his superiors in Santa Fe, but he did open up a route that would soon lead to the establishment of the Old Spanish Trail. This expedition and others to follow left names on the land which are the only reminders we have today the Spanish once explored this region. In 1776, one of the men who had accompanied Rivera, Andre Muniz, acted as guide for another expedition. That party entered southwestern Colorado in search of a route west to California, traveling near today's towns of Durango and Dolores. Along the way, they camped at the base of a large green mesa which today carries the name Mesa Verde. They were the first Europeans to record the discovery of an Anasazi archaeological site m southwestern Colorado. By the early 1800s, American mountain men and trappers were exploring the area in their quest for beaver pelts. Men like Peg-leg Smith were outfitted with supplies in the crossroads trapping town of Taos, New Mexico. These adventurous American trappers were a tough bunch. They, possibly more than any other newcomers, penetrated deeply into the mountain fastness of southwestern Colorado, bringing back valuable information about the area and discovering new routes through the mountains. One of the trappers, William Becknell, the father of the Santa Fe Trail, camped in the area of Mesa Verde, where he found pottery shards, stone houses, and other Anasazi remains.

单选题 You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to read your answer. You will hear each piece once only. Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about the Space Shuttle Columbia. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.