问答题1)中国传统节日受到冷遇，西方节日日益升温已成为趋势； 2)形成这种现象的原因； 3)你对这种现象的态度。

问答题 {{U}}The legal question about whether and to what extent it is appropriate to audit and monitor company computer systems is not yet settled.{{/U}} The cases generally support an analysis of whether the employees had any "expectation of privacy." Most e-mail and voice mail systems assign password and access numbers or PIN numbers, often chosen by the employees, that adds an additional element to the analysis. The courts are split on applying that standard. The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, was amended by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986. ECPA generally prohibits the interception, accessing, or disclosure of electronic communications. ECPA provides certain protections from access and monitoring of e-mail communications on public systems such as telephone lines, on-line systems and cellular telephone lines. 62. {{U}}ECPA prohibits third parties, the government, police or individuals from accessing or disclosing e-mail without proper authorization such as obtaining a search warrant or obtaining prior consent by the user or recipient.{{/U}} Applicability to private employer circumstances continues to be debated. Statutory protection for communications in the transmission phase and in stored communications is not identical and requires separate analysis. Once stored, employer access is generally unrestricted under ECPA. 63. {{U}}With corporate systems opening onto the Internet, it can no longer easily be argued that these systems are self-contained. Additionally, plaintiffs can seek relief under the common law and many state privacy statutes.{{/U}} 64. {{U}}Corporate actions that will withstand the most scrutiny are those limited to monitoring for reasonable business purposes, on prior notice to employees and consistent with employee expectations as to the use of the audited information.{{/U}} If no policies or warnings were in place, it is difficult to defend unfettered access to employee e-mail in particular even though a company is accessing its own equipment and systems. Check union and any other labor agreements. Many already address these issues and place parameters around monitoring, notice to employees, and use of audited information. 65. {{U}}For guidance, we look to prior court rulings in related areas involving monitoring employee telephone conversation and voice mail, and searches of employee workplace.{{/U}} The best assistance that counsel can give in advising a corporate client to reduce exposure to employee litigation is to set up guidelines and educate employees and management. The Electronic Messaging Association has published some guidelines and a tool kit which are good starting point to help develop appropriate corporate policies.

问答题Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.During the traditional wedding ceremony, the bride and the bridegroom promise each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of four American marriages ends in divorce. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Since 1940, the divorce rate has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that occurred in the 1970s, about 50% will end in divorce.{{/U}} The U. S. A. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps even the highest. What goes wrong? {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The fact that divorce is so common in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant relationship.{{/U}} Just the opposite is true. Americans expect a great deal from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and intellectual compatibility. They want to be deeply loved and understood. It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorced. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love and understanding. With typical American optimism, they end one marriage in hope that the next will be happier. With no-fault divorce laws in many states, it is easier than ever to get a divorce. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Some American women stay in unhappy marriages because they don't have the education or job experience to support themselves and their children, but most American women believe that, if necessary, they can make it alone without a husband.{{/U}} All things considered, Americans have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage. Which marriages are most likely to end in divorce? Marriages between people with low incomes or limited education and marriages between teenagers are at greatest risk. The number of divorces between couples with children under the age of 18 is declining, and almost 45% of divorcing couples are childless. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}When a couple gets divorced, the court may require the man to pay his former wife a monthly sum of money, which depends on the husband's income, the wife's needs, and the length of the marriage.{{/U}} If the woman is working and earns a good salary, she may receive no money all. Occasionally, the court decides that a woman should pay her husband money. About 10% of American women outearn their husbands. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}If the woman has totally supported her husband during the marriage, the court may decide that she must continue to support him after the divorce, which is a rather new concept in the United States.{{/U}}

问答题 Countries GNP per head (1982: US dollars) Daily calorie supply per head Life expectancy at birth (years) Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births) Bangladesh Bolivia Egypt Indonesia USA 140 570 690 580 13160 1877 2086 2950 2296 3652 40 50 56 49 74 132 124 97 87 12 Selected statistics showing aspects of the quality of life in 5 countries

问答题The world's tropical rainforests comprise some 6% of the Earth's land area and contain more than half of all known life forms, or a conservative estimate of about 30 million species of plants and animals. 61)Some experts estimate there could be two or even three times as many species hidden within these complex and fast-disappearing ecosystems — scientists will probably never know for certain so vast is the amount of study required. Time is running out for biological research. 62)Commercial development is responsible for the loss of about 17 million hectares of virgin rainforest each year—a figure approximating 1% of what remains of the world's rainforests. The current devastation of once impenetrable rainforest is of particular concern because, although new tree growth may in time repopulate felled areas, the biologically diverse storehouse of flora and fauna is gone forever. 63)Losing this bountiful inheritance, which took millions of years to reach its present highly evolved state, would be an unparalleled act of human stupidity. Chemical compounds that might be extracted from yet- to-be-discovered species hidden beneath the tree canopy could assist in the treatment of disease or help to control fertility. Conservationists point out that important medical discoveries have already been made from material found in tropical rainforests. The drug aspirin, now synthesised, was originally found in the bark of a rainforest tree. Two of the most potent anti-cancer drugs derive from the rosy periwinkle discovered in the 1950s in the tropical rainforests of Madagascar. The rewards of discovery are potentially enormous; yet the outlook is bleak. Timber-rich countries mired in debt view potential financial gain decades into the future as less attractive than short-term profit from logging. Cataloguing species and analysing newly-found substances takes time and money, both of which are in short supply. The developed world takes every opportunity to lecture countries which are the guardians of rainforests. 64)Rich nations exhort them to preserve and care for what is left, ignoring the fact that their wealth was in large part due to the exploitation of their own natural world. It is often forgotten that forests once covered most of Europe. Large tracts of forest were destroyed over the centuries for the same reason that the remaining rainforests are now being felled—timber. 65)As well as providing material for housing, it enabled wealthy nations to build large navies and shipping fleets with which to continue their plunder of the world's resources. Besides, it is not clear that developing countries would necessarily benefit financially from extended bioprospecting of their rainforests. Pharmaceutical companies make huge profits from the sale of drugs with little return to the country in which an original discovery was made.

问答题Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should (1) describe the cartoon briefly, (2) interpret its meaning and (3) give your comments. You should write 160 - 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题 During the traditional wedding ceremony, the bride and the bridegroom promise each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of four American marriages ends in divorce. 61) {{U}}Since 1940, the divorce rate has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that occurred in the 1970s, about 50% will end in divorce. {{/U}}The U. S. A. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps even the highest. What goes wrong? 62) {{U}}The fact that divorce is so common in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant relationship. {{/U}}Just the opposite is true. Americans expect a great deal from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and intellectual compatibility. They want to be deeply loved and understood. It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorced. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love and understanding. With typical American optimism, they end one marriage in hope that the next will be happier. With no-fault divorce laws in many states, it is easier than ever to get a divorce. 63) {{U}}Some American women stay in unhappy marriages because they don't have the education or job experience to support themselves and their children, but most American women believe that, if necessary, they can make it alone without a husband. {{/U}}All things considered, Americans have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage. Which marriages are most likely to end in divorce? Marriages between people with low incomes or limited education and marriages between teenagers are at greatest risk. The number of divorces between couples with Children under the age of 18 is declining, and almost 45% of divorcing couples are childless. 64) {{U}}When a couple gets divorced, the court may require the man to pay his former wife a monthly sum of money, which depends on the husband's income, the wife's needs, and the length of the marriage. {{/U}}If the woman is working and earns a good salary, she may receive no money at all. Occasionally, the court decides that a woman should pay her husband money. About 10% of American women outearn their husbands. 65) {{U}}If the woman has totally supported her husband during the marriage, the court may decide that she must continue to support him after the divorce, which is a rather new concept in the United States. {{/U}}

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayonit.Inyouressay,youshould(1)describethepicturebriefly,(2)analyzethissituation,and(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题Forthispart,youareallowed35minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegraphbelow.Rememberthatyourcompositionshouldbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline:(1)Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph.(2)Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity.(3)Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Youshouldwrite160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

问答题 The proportion of works cut for the cinema in Britain dropped from 40 percent when I joined the BBFC in 1975 to less than 4 per cent when I left. But I don't think that 20 years from now it will be possible to regulate any medium as closely as I regulated film. The internet is, of course, the greatest problem for this century. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The world will have to find a means, through some sort of international treaty or United Nations initiative, to control the material that's now going totally unregulated into people's homes.{{/U}} That said, it will only take one little country like Paraguay to refuse to sign a treaty for transmission to be unstoppable. Parental control is never going to be sufficient. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}I'm still very worried about the impact of violent video games, even though researchers say their impact is moderated by the fact that players don't so much experience the game as enjoy the technical manoeuvres(策略)that enable you to win.{{/U}} But in respect of violence in mainstream films, I'm more optimistic. Quite suddenly, tastes have changed, and it's no longer Stallone or Schwarzenegger who are the top stars, but Leonardo DiCaprio--that has taken everybody by surprise. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Go through the most successful films in Europe and America now and you will find virtually none that are violent.{{/U}} Quentin Tarantino didn't usher in a new, violent generation, and films are becoming much more pre-social than one would have expected. Cinemagoing will undoubtedly survive. The new multiplexes are a glorious experience, offering perfect sound and picture and very comfortable seats, things which had died out in the 1980s. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}I can't believe we've achieved that only to throw it away in favour of huddling around a 14-finch computer monitor to watch digitally--delivered movies at home.{{/U}} It will become increasingly cheap to make films, with cameras becoming smaller and lighter but remaining very precise. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}That means greater chances for new talent to emerge, as it will be much easier for people to learn how to be better film-makers.{{/U}} People's working lives will be shorter in the future, and once retired they will spend a lot of time learning to do things that amuse them--like making videos. Fifty years on we could well be media-saturated as producers as well as audience: instead of writing letter, one will send little home movies entitled My Week.

问答题Even though she was blind and deaf, Helen Keller was a woman with an extraordinary social vision. 61) When most women's rights activists were working for the right to vote, Helen Keller advocated action that was more direct and more immediate than the vote. In 1911, speaking in England where women had the right to vote, she said: "Our democracy is but a name. We vote? What does that mean? It means that we choose between two bodies of real, though not avowed, autocrats... You ask for votes for women. 62) What good can votes do when ten-eleventh of the land of Great Britain belongs to 200,000 men and only one-eleventh to the rest of the 40,000,000? Have your men with their millions of votes freed themselves from this injustice?" 63) When she became active and openly socialist, a New York city newspaper, the Brooklyn Eagle, which had previously treated her as a heroine, criticized that her misguided socialism had somehow developed from her blind and deaf condition. She replied that when once she met the editor of the Brooklyn Eagle, he had complimented her lavishly: "But now that I have come out for socialism, he reminds me and the public that I am blind and deaf and especially liable to error." She added: "Oh, ridiculous Brooklyn Eagle! What an ungallant bird it is! 64) Socially blind and deaf, it defends an intolerable system, a system that is the cause of much of the physical blindness and deafness which we are trying to prevent. The Eagle and I are at war. I hate the system which it represents... When it fights back, let it fight fair... It is not fair fighting or good argument to remind me and others that I cannot see or hear. I can read. I can read all the socialist books I have time for in English, German and French. If the editor of the Brooklyn Eagle should read some of them, he might be a wiser man, and make a better newspaper. 65) If I ever contribute to the socialist movement the book I sometimes dream of, I know what I shall name it: Industrial Blindness and Social Deafness."