单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{/I}} It has always been a problem to decide whether "popular music" is music which represents the people or is simply music that the people like. The same problem of{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}exists with jazz. So many different{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}of music have been called jazz at one time or another that it is hard to say what{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}it is. Jazz has always been considered tobe black music{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}when I first{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}an interest in it twenty years ago, I used to hear white{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}playing music that was like Louis Armstrong's in the 1920s. I found out afterwards that they learnt to do this by playing Armstrong's records over and over again until their style was close enough to his{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}for them to imitate him. Since then white singers like Bob Dylan have rediscovered{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}own folk tradition, instead of{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}from black roots. But the main{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}since 1960 have been social and technical. One is that young people have more{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}to spend on records at an earlier age than they used to, so Tin Pan Alley, the 'pop' music industry, aims at the teenage audience. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}is that electronic equipment has developed to such an{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}that technicians are now capable of mixing sound to{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}recordings that are quite different from a live{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. But the real{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}with 'pop' musis is that Tin Pan Alley has always worked against its being a{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}music of the people. It takes everything original and natural out of it and{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}it with cheap commercial imitations.{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}the American folk singer, Woody Guthrie, said: "They've always{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}the second-rate songs. They've never wanted to play the good ones."

单选题Geologists are using modern technology to ______.

单选题 Questions 17—20 are based on the following monologue. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.

单选题What does the author try to tell us?

单选题Most of the trade deficit in this balance of payments was attributed to trade with which country?

单选题 Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for "academic mobility" is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold. Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect. In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge. Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students. In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries. Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus. But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling, of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.

单选题The living standards of the new immigrants were improved in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries mainly because

单选题{{I}}Questions 17—20 are based on the following passage you have just heard. You have 20 seconds to read Questions 17—20.{{/I}}

单选题Questions 11—13 are based on the following talk about the kinds of fatigue. You know have 15 seconds to read questions 11—13.

单选题The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that ______.

单选题Questions 11—14 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11—14.

单选题Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}to all of us {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the covers of books—but we must know how to avail ourselves {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}this treasure and how to get {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}from it. The most {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}people all over the world, are {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}who have never discovered how {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}it is to read good books. I am very interested in people, in meeting them and {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}about them. Some of the most {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}people I've met existed only in a writer's imagination, then {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I've found in books new friends, new societies, new words. If I am interested in Pe0Ple,others are interested not so much in who {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the future all the way back to the first {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}in history; how {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children. Reading can make our minds feel pleased, {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}you a good reader. Reading is {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, not because the writer is telling you something, {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works together with the {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}or even goes beyond his. Your experience, {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.

单选题Customers transferred their accounts to the slower bank, because ______.