单选题14. My friend Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1,000 for that second-hand car; it was not worth

单选题18. Lack of money means that the ______ of free clinics must be reduced.

单选题. Clever Kitty 聪明的猫咪 by Duncan Graham-Rowe The most ambitious artificial brain yet designed is taking shape in a laboratory in Colorado. The brain's developers aim to link it to a robot kitten called Robokoneko, which they hope will become one of the first superstars of artificial life. "Observers won't need a PhD to appreciate that there is a brain behind it," says Hugo de Garis of Advanced Telecommunications Research in Kyoto, Japan, the brain's principal architect. Genobyte, a company in Boulder, Colorado, is building De Garis's Cellular Automata Machine (CAM) brain under contract. It will contain nearly 40 million artificial neurons, compared with the few hundred neurons that most other specialists in artificial intelligence are working with. The CAM brain differs not only in its immense scale, but also in the fact that its neurons are real electronic devices rather than software simulations. The CAM brain uses a special type of computer chip called a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Unlike conventional chips, the circuits in FPGAs can be reconfigured by altering the connections between their transistors. When De Gaffs conceived his project six years ago it was greeted with skepticism. "Many of my colleagues thought I was nuts," he says. But it has now become a practical proposition with the development of a new and exceptionally robust FPGA made by Xilinx, a company in San Jose, California. The CAM brain will run on 72 linked FPGAs. At any one time these devices will act as a "module" containing 1,152 interconnected neurons. But the devices will be repeatedly reconfigured to represent 32,768 different modules. The brain remembers how the modules connect to each other, and uses the outputs of the modules it has already processed as inputs for others. A cycle through these modules, representing 37.7 million neurons, will be repeated 300 times every second. To model the brain, De Gaffs uses some 450 million autonomous "cells" representing components such as the neurons themselves and the axons and dendrites that connect them. Each cell consists of several transistors within an FPGA. The CAM brain is scheduled for completion in March. Neural networks must be fine-tuned to perform particular tasks. But no human programmer could write the software needed to refine a network as complex as the CAM brain. Instead, this will be generated using an approach that simulates biological evolution. Through random mutations and breeding of the "genetic material" that describes the structure and connections of the network, the program will be evolved over many generations to get the optimum design. Robokoneko will not be built until this work has been completed on a computer simulation of the robot cat. Some experts, however, doubt whether building ever bigger neural networks will bring any fundamental insights into the mysteries of cognition, such as how the brain builds a representation of the world. "The point is that these puzzles are not puzzles because our neural models are not large enough," argues Igor Aleksander, a neural systems engineer at Imperial College London. The CAM brain's developers admit that they can't predict exactly how it will perform when it is linked to Robokoneko. But they hope it will for the first time allow a robot to interact with stimuli in its environment to develop the sort of intelligence seen in animals. "What is so special about this neural network is a much higher degree of biological relevance," says Michael Korkin of Genobyte.16. By saying "Observers won't need a PhD to appreciate that there is a brain behind it", Hugo de Garis probably means ______.

单选题20. So small ______ that the most powerful microscopes cannot detect them.

单选题. During recent years we have heard much about "race": how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the, 1 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually 2 the colouring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 3 you were to remove the skin you could not 4 anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 5 physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to 6 a difference. There are four types of blood. 7 types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to an race. Human brains are the 8 . No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will 9 in size, but this occurs within every race. 10 does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 11 examined belonged to a person of weak 12 . On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 13 brains. Mental tests which are reasonably 14 show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 15 equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race 16 civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, 17 enable them to behave in a 18 way. The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new 19 is better and higher than anything 20 the past.1.

单选题20. The sick ______ been cured and the lost ______ been found.

单选题 The great chariot of society

单选题 Stop worrying about recession

单选题3. ______ she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.

单选题8. ______ as much as 1/4 of all timber harvested has not been used.

单选题 Enter the information age

单选题 Every second

单选题 Professor Foster

单选题29. The blind can ______ see than the deaf can hear.

单选题 There is a story of a very wicked man who dies

单选题17. Scrambled eggs with bacon ______ the standard American breakfast.

单选题9. Igneous rocks form ______ hot melted rock from inside the Earth cools and becomes solids.

单选题 In my opinion

单选题. The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became 21 in a variety of aerobic activities, and 22 thousands of health spas 23 around the country to capitalize on his 24 interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed 25 to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their 26 was not on aerobics, 27 on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, 28 , and endurance in their primarily male 29 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 30 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs 31 few, if 32 , health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly 33 for males and for females. Many 34 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 35 , most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily 36 such fitness components have been related to 37 in athletics. 38 , in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health 39 as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now 40 that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.21.

单选题14. Food is to body ______ knowledge is to mind.