单选题 第一段 ①新加坡作为亚洲最发达的国家之一，既有东方传统文化的深厚积淀，也吸纳了西方现代先进理念和技术，体现了东西方文明的交汇融合。②新加坡的开放包容精神也是东亚峰会的重要特色。③东亚峰会成立13年以来，已成为推动东亚地区对话合作的重要平台，为增进各方理解信任、促进地区发展繁荣发挥了重要作用。
第二段 ④当前，国际政治经济格局正经历深刻调整，世界形势中的不稳定不确定因素明显增多，谋和平、促发展的任务仍然艰巨。⑤在这样的背景下，东亚仍然保持总体稳定局面，仍然是最具增长活力的地区，仍然被视为最具吸引力的投资热土。⑥我们要继续秉持和睦相处、合作共赢的理念，加强协商对话、推进开放发展，做东亚和平稳定的坚定维护者、经济繁荣的积极贡献者、区域合作的有力
单选题Para.1①LatinAmericanartistshaven'talwaysbeenallowedintocentrestage.②Pushedtothesidelinesofmainstreamarthistory,artistslikeZiliaSánchezwereoverlookedfromtheNewYorkartsceneinthe1960s,whileLatinxartistshaveonlyrecentlygainedattentionfromblockbustermuseums.Para.2①ButLatinAmericanartisfinallytakingovermuseumsacrosstheUS,celebratingculturefromsouthoftheborder.②FromfiberglassreplicasofAztecsculpturestophotosofMexicointhe1960s,agrowingnumberofmuseumsaroundthecountryareshowingtheirsupportforcontemporaryartistsfromLatinAmerica—especiallywithsoloshowsofLatinwomenartists.③HerearesomeexhibitionsfeaturingsomeofLatinAmerica'sfinesttalentstocatchthisseason,fromgrouptosoloshowsfromLosAngelestoNewYork.Para.3①Until26May,Words/MatterattheBlantonMuseumofArt,attheUniversityofTexasinAustin,showcasesover150LatinAmericanartworksfromthe1930son.②Theyallincorporatelanguageinsomeformoranother.③There'sconcretepoetrybyBrazilianwriterAugustodeCamposandSpanishwriterJulioPlazaalongsidepoliticalprintscreatedbyChilean,Latinx,andChicanxartists.④TherewillalsobeanartistbookbyArgentinianwriterLeandroKatzfrom1971,whichexploresthemeaningsbehindthecharacter.⑤ThemuseumhasbeencollectingLatinAmericanartsince1963andjustadded119SpanishandPortugueseartworkstoitscollection.Para.4BeverlyAdams,theLatinAmericanartcurator,said:'ThisexhibitiongaveustheopportunitytoexamineastrengthoftheBlantoncollection—LatinAmericanandLatinxvisualartistsexploringlanguageintheirwork.'Para.5①'Theydosobyinventingnewalphabets,engagingwithproseandpoetry,pioneeringconceptualpracticesandproducingartthatissociallyempowering.②Thisexhibitionhighlightshowartistsuselanguagetocommunicatepersonal,poeticandpoliticalmessages,manyofwhichspeaktopastandpresentculturalcircumstances.'Para.6①On28February,theannualfilmseriesreturnstotheNewYorkmuseumwithnewworksbyoraboutLatinAmericans.②WithaspecialfocusonSouthAmericandirectors,theprogramshowcasesnarrativeshortsthatexploregenderfluidity,youthcultureandsexuality.Para.7TheprogramincludesVerde,ashortdirectedbyColombianfilm-makerVictoriaRivera,acoming-of-agestoryaboutayounggirl'slife,andLui,ashortfilmdirectedbyDeniseKelmaboutagender-fluidcircusteacher.Para.8①'AsaninstitutioninLA,it'simportanttoreflectthelargercommunity.②Wewouldbeneglectingthecommunityifwedidn'tacknowledgeandrecognizetheworkofLatinandLatinxartists,'saidCraftContemporaryexhibitionscuratorHollyJerger.③'GiventhehistoryoftheartestablishmentintheUS,showinganyoneoutsidethetraditionalwhitewesternmalecanonisapoliticalact,onecouldargue,toacertaindegree.'Para.9'Atthesametime,wewanttobearelevantinstitutiontothecommunityweliveinbyshowingartistsoutsideofthattraditionalestablishmentcanon.'
单选题 Para. 1 ①Rita Gunther McGrath, a Columbia Business School professor, is one of those business travelers who do not care about delays, cancellations or navigating a new location. ②What does concern her is the seeming inability to conquer jet lag, and the accompanying symptoms that leave her groggy, unfocused and feeling, she says, 'like a dishrag.'
Para. 2 'Jet lag has always been an issue for me,' says Ms. McGrath, who has been a business traveler for more than two decades and has dealt with itineraries that take her from New York to New Zealand to Helsinki all within a matter of days.
Para. 3 She has scoured the Internet for 'jet lag cures,' and has tried preventing or dealing with the misery by avoiding alcohol, limiting light exposure or blasting her body with sunlight and 'doing just about anything and everything that experts tell you to do,' Ms. McGrath said.
Para. 4 ①'Jet lag is not conducive to the corporate environment,' she said. ②'There has to be some kind of help that actually works for those of us that travel a lot, but I sure can't find it.'
Para. 5 Although science is closer to understanding the basic biological mechanisms that make many travelers feel so miserable when crossing time zones, research has revealed that, at least for now, there is no one-size-fits-all recommendation for preventing or dealing with the angst of jet lag.
Para. 6 ①Recommendations to beat jet lag include adjusting sleep schedules, short-term use of medications to sleep or stay awake, melatonin supplements and light exposure timing, among others, said Col. Ian Wedmore, an emergency medicine specialist for the Army. ②These work for many people, 'but not all,' said Dr. Wedmore, who practices at Madigan Army Medical Center in Tacoma, Wash.
Para. 7 Doctors do know that heading west is generally easier on the body than traveling east, because it requires a person's internal clock to 'set later, not earlier,' said Dr. Robert Auger, a sleep specialist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.
Para. 8 But the more time zones crossed, the tougher the jet lag.
Para. 9 The rule of thumb to get your body clocks back in sync is about one day per time zone change, making it 'very difficult for real road warriors to get acclimated,' Dr. Auger said.
Para. 10 A common aid is melatonin, which has been studied extensively and for many travelers can help symptoms by getting the body in sync with local time more quickly, said Dr. Wedmore.
Para. 11 Although it's not a miracle cure, 'some studies do show it can help on both eastward and westward flights, and it does seem to help a lot of people with jet lag, including me,' he said.
Para. 12 ①But it hasn't done much for Ms. McGrath. ②So, for now, she's trying to find the positives.
Para. 13 ①'What we all need to remember is that we are incredibly privileged to be able to cross time zones so rapidly,' she said. ②'Plus, when I get home from a business trip and say something stupid, I just blame the jet lag. ③That's good for about three days.'
单选题第一段①完善农村土地“三权分置”办法，建立贫困退出机制。②推进科技管理体制改革，扩大高校和科研院所自主权，出台以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策。③放开养老服务市场。④扩大公立医院综合改革试点，深化药品医疗器械审评审批制度改革。⑤制定自然资源统一确权登记办法，开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理、耕地轮作休耕改革等试点，全面推行河长制，健全生态保护补偿机制。⑥改革为经济社会发展增添了新动力。第二段⑦积极扩大对外开放。⑧推进“一带一路”建设，与沿线国家加强战略对接、务实合作。⑨人民币正式纳入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子。⑩“深港通”开启。完善促进外贸发展措施，新设12个跨境电子商务综合试验区，进出口逐步回稳。推广上海等自贸试验区改革创新成果，新设7个自贸试验区。除少数实行准人特别管理措施领域外，外资企业设立及变更一律由审批改为备案管理。实际使用外资1300多亿美元，继续位居发展中国家首位。
单选题 ①旅游是人类对美好生活的向往与追求，是认识新鲜事物和未知世界的重要途径。②中国人自古就有旅游的文化传统，先贤们“读万卷书，行万里路”，留下了无数脍炙人口的旅游名篇佳作。③但过去由于经济社会发展水平和居民收入等条件所限，能去旅游的人毕竟是少数。④尤其是那些居住在偏远地方的人，有的一辈子连县城都没到过。⑤改革开放以来，中国经济保持较高增长速度，居民收入不断增加，交通条件日趋改善，越来越多的人外出旅游。⑥特别是进入新世纪以来，中国城乡居民消费结构快速升级，旅游由少数人的奢侈消费变成普通百姓的必需消费。⑦去年中国居民国内旅游突破40亿人次、支出额占居民消费支出的10%，出境游客超过1.2亿人次，接待入境游客1.3亿人次，旅游收入4万多亿元。⑧预计到2020年，中国居民人均出游次数和旅游收入还将翻一番。
单选题 Para. 1 ①Moral panics over new media are old hat. ②The social effects of novels, films, comic books and pop music were condemned by the grumpy reactionaries of the time. ③In recent years video games have been a popular villain. ④Exasperated parents and opportunistic politicians have long fretted that they make players lazy and listless, or else unpredictable and violent. ⑤Those concerns turned out to be largely misplaced.
Para. 2 ①But new worries about the addictiveness of games, and the danger that poses to children in particular, have more substance to them and are already prompting a regulatory crackdown. ②The industry would be wise to get ahead of the problem.
Para. 3 ①Japan and South Korea have passed laws designed to regulate a video-gaming industry whose products are increasingly seen as addictive and harmful. ②And as business models refined in Asia have come to the West, lawmakers in Europe and America are becoming more concerned, too.
Para. 4 ①Such concerns feel more credible than prior panics, for two reasons. ②The first is that much gaming now happens online, and generates reams of behavioral data. ③This allows publishers to monitor exactly how customers are playing games, and fine-tune them to make them as compelling as possible.
Para. 5 ①The second is the realization that players will happily pay real money for virtual goods. ②These can be upgrades, costumes or weapons for their in-game characters, or (more cynically) a lottery-style 'loot box' whose contents are unknown in advance, but might prove valuable enough to resell to other players. ③Since the marginal cost of creating virtual items is zero, they are very profitable for developers. ④That has given rise to a 'freemium' business model whereby games are given away cheaply or free but players are constantly nagged to spend money on in-game items. ⑤All this has been supercharged by smartphones, which mean people can keep playing—and paying—at all hours of the day.
Para. 6 ①The result is an unhealthy loop. ②Firms strive to keep players hooked, because the more time they spend in a game, the more money they will spend on baubles within it. ③Whizzy data analytics let developers tweak their products to do just that, using psychological tricks and nudges familiar from social-networking sites and the gambling industry. ④All this can be extremely lucrative. ⑤Sensor Tower, an analysis firm, reckons that 'Candy Crush Saga', a popular game in the West, made $930m last year.
Para. 7 The keenest gamers, known as 'whales' (a term coined by casinos to describe high-rolling customers), can spend thousands of dollars a year.
Para. 8 ①Video games now rival the film industry for clout. ②Gaming is thought to be worth around $140bn annually worldwide, and is growing at 13% a year. ③But society's attitude towards technology is hardening. ④In a world of fake news and hyper-targeted advertising, voters and politicians have awoken to the danger that devices and data may be manipulating people in harmful ways. ⑤A little voluntary forbearance now could save a lot of regulatory pain later.
单选题 第一段 ①中国提出“一带一路”倡议，从根本上是为了解决发展不平衡、不可持续的问题，是中国经济发展到新阶段的必然选择，也是推进新一轮对外开放的重要抓手。②“一带一路”坚持共商共建共享原则，这既符合中国和平发展、合作共赢的外交政策，也是推动构建人类命运共同体的重要尝试。
第二段 ③该倡议提出5年来，得到世界各国普遍欢迎，已经成为当今世界最受欢迎的公共产品和最大规模的合作平台。④目前已有150多个国家和国际组织与中国签署“一带一路”合作文件。⑤中国对“一带一路”提出新的更高要求，将全力办好第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，集中推进一批重大项目，推动“一带一路”建设向着更高质量、更高标准、更高水平发展。
单选题 Para. 1 The rocky shorelines, shifting deserts and winding canyons of the country's 59 national parks have been hallmarks of American vacations for generations.
Para. 2 But the number of park visitors has reached an unprecedented level, leaving many tourists frustrated and many environmentalists concerned about the toll of overcrowding.
Para. 3 ①Zion is among the most visited parks in the system and is particularly prone to crowding because many of its most popular sites sit in a narrow six-mile canyon. ②So tiffs year, park managers announced they were considering a first for any national park: requiring reservations for entry.
Para. 4 ①'We don't have a choice,' said Jack Burns, who has worked in Zion since 1982. ②'We have to do something. ③If this going to remain a place of special importance for generations, we have to do something now.'
Para. 5 ①The National Park Service was created in 1916 to protect the country's growing system of parks and monuments. ②Its mandate is to conserve scenery and wildlife while also protecting visitor enjoyment for generations to come. ③For years, the lack of a reservation system for park entry aligned with the service's ethos of democracy and discovery: Anyone could come, pretty much anytime.
Para. 6 ①But lately, both visitors and nature are suffering. ②Mr. Burns, who is on a team that is considering a reservation system, said some people showed up for a vacation they had planned for months, spent a day in the gridlock and turned around. ③Rangers, stressed by the frustrated masses, have started a monthly meeting to discuss 'visitor use' that some say has turned into a group-therapy session.
Para. 7 ①And Zion's delicate desert ecosystem has been battered by tourists, some of whom wash diapers in the Virgin River, scratch their names into boulders and fly drone cameras through once quiet skies. ②The park has about 25 miles of developed trails. ③But over time, rangers have mapped about 600 miles of visitor-made paths, which damage vegetation and soil and take a toll on wildlife.
Para. 8 ①The story is similar at parks from Yosemite in California to Acadia in Maine. ②And the crowding problem comes as the system faces the dual threat of a funding shortage and climate change.
Para. 9 This summer, administrators at Zion submitted three proposed visitor plans to the public.
Para. 10 ①One option would require people to make an online reservation before arrival, and would set a yet-to-be-specified limit on visitors. ②The second option would require reservations only for certain areas. ③The third option would be to make no changes.
Para. 11 ①About 1,600 people sent in comments, and the park plans to send out a revised round of proposals for public review. ②Superintendent Jeff Bradybaugh will make the final decision.
Para. 12 Some have expressed opposition to the reservation idea, including a group that founded the website stopzionreservations.org.
Para. 13 ①Mr. Burns said he favored a reservation policy. ②He recalled the days when he would jump in a ear and pull up to parks across the West with no plans.
Para. 14 ①'There is only one Zion National Park,' he said to those struggling to see a need for limiting access. ②'And it's sacred. ③Its beauty is sacred.'
单选题 第一段 ①当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期，地缘政治版图日益多元化、多极化，国与国相互依存更加紧密。②同时，世界面临的不稳定性不确定性因素不断增加，世界经济形势明显向好，但仍不稳定，经济全球化进程遭遇贸易保护主义、单边主义等更多挑战，部分地区冲突加剧、恐怖主义、非法贩运毒品和有组织犯罪、传染性疾病、气候变化等威胁急剧上升引发的风险持续增加。③国际社会迫切需要制定共同立场，有效应对上述全球挑战。
第二段 ④上合组织遵循“互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发展”的“上海精神”，经受住国际风云变幻的严峻考验，不断加强政治、安全、经济、人文等领域合作，成为当代国际关系体系中极具影响力的参与者。
第三段 ⑤上合组织在睦邻、友好、合作、相互尊重成员国文化文明多样性和社会价值观、开展信任对话和建设性伙伴关系的基础上树立了密切和富有成效的合作典范。
单选题 第一段 ①近年来，全球气候变暖，北极冰雪融化加速。②在经济全球化、区域一体化不断深入发展的背景下，北极在战略、经济、科研、环保、航道、资源等方面的价值不断提升，受到国际社会的普遍关注。③北极问题已超出北极国家间问题和区域问题的范畴，涉及北极域外国家的利益和国际社会的整体利益，攸关人类生存与发展的共同命运，具有全球意义和国际影响。
第二段 ④中国是北极事务的重要利益攸关方。⑤中国在地缘上是“近北极国家”，是陆上最接近北极圈的国家之一。⑥北极的自然状况及其变化对中国的气候系统和生态环境有着直接的影响，进而关系到中国在农业、林业、渔业、海洋等领域的经济利益。⑦同时，中国与北极的跨区域和全球性问题息息相关，特别是北极的气候变化、环境、科研、航道利用、资源勘探与开发、安全、国际治理等问题，关系到世界各国和人类的共同生存与发展，与包括中国在内的北极域外国家的利益密不可分。
单选题 第一段 ①面对今年艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，我们要通观全局、统筹兼顾，突出重点、把握关键，正确处理好各方面关系，着重抓好以下工作。②用改革的办法深入推进“三去一降一补”。③要在巩固成果基础上，针对新情况新问题，完善政策措施，努力取得更大成效。
第二段 ④今年要再压减钢铁产能5,000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨以上。⑤同时，要淘汰、停建、缓建煤电产能5,000万千瓦以上，以防范化解煤电产能过剩风险，提高煤电行业效率，为清洁能源发展腾空间。⑥要严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等相关法律法规和标准，更多运用市场化法治化手段，有效处置“僵尸企业”，推动企业兼并重组、破产清算，坚决淘汰不达标的落后产能，严控过剩行业新上产能。⑦去产能必须安置好职工，中央财政专项奖补资金要及时拨付，地方和企业要落实相关资金与措施，确保分流职工就业有出路、生活有保障。
单选题 Para. 1 Nearly all applicants for a visa to enter the United States—an estimated 14.7 million people a year—will be asked to submit their social media user names for the past five years, under proposed rules that the State Department issued on Friday.
Para. 2 ①Last September, the American administration announced that applicants for immigrant visas would be asked for social media data, a plan that would affect 710,000 people or so a year. ②The new proposal would vastly expand that order to cover some 14 million people each year who apply for nonimmigrant visas.
Para. 3 ①The proposal covers 20 social media platforms. ②Most of them are based in the United States, such as Facebook and LinkedIn. ③But several are based overseas, such as two Russian social networks, and a question-and-answer platform based in Latvia.
Para. 4 The new proposal would add a tangible new requirement for millions of people who apply to visit the United States for business or pleasure, including citizens of such countries as Brazil, India and Mexico.
Para. 5 ①Citizens of roughly 40 countries to which the United States ordinarily grants visa-free travel will not be affected by the requirement. ②Those countries include major allies like Australia, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and South Korea.
Para. 6 In addition, visitors traveling on diplomatic and official visas will mostly be exempted.
Para. 7 As news of the plan emerged on Friday, so did criticism.
Para. 8 ①'This attempt to collect a massive amount of information on the social media activity of millions of visa applicants is yet another ineffective and deeply problematic administration plan,' said Hina Shamsi, director of the American Civil Liberties Union's National Security Project. ②'It will infringe on the rights of immigrants and U.S. citizens by chilling freedom of speech and association, particularly because people will now have to wonder if what they say online will be misconstrued or misunderstood by a government official.'
Para. 9 Anil Kalhan, an associate professor of law at Drexel University who works on immigration and international human rights, wrote on Twitter, 'This is unnecessarily intrusive and beyond ridiculous.'
Para. 10 Facebook said its position had not changed since last year, when it said: 'We oppose any efforts to force travelers at the border to turn over their private account information, including passwords.'
Para. 11 Along with the social media information, visa applicants will be asked for past passport numbers, phone numbers and email addresses; for records of international travel; whether they have been deported or removed, or violated immigration law, in the past; and whether relatives have been involved in terrorist activities.
Para. 12 ①'Maintaining robust screening standards for visa applicants is a dynamic practice that must adapt to emerging threats,' the State Department said in a statement. ②'We already request limited contact information, travel history, family member information, and previous addresses from all visa applicants. ③Collecting this additional information from visa applicants will strengthen our process for vetting these applicants and confirming their identity.'
Para. 13 ①The new State Department requirements will not take effect immediately. ②The proposal set off a 60-day period for public comment, which ends on May 29.
单选题 Para. 1 ①Facebook enables advertisers to promote content to nearly 900,000 people interested in 'vaccine controversies'. ②Other groups of people that advertisers can pay to reach on Facebook include those interested in 'Dr Tenpenny on Vaccines', which refers to anti-vaccine activist Sherri Tenpenny, and 'informed consent', which is language that anti-vaccine propagandists have adopted to fight vaccination laws.
Para. 2 Facebook's self-serve advertising platform allows users to pay to promote posts to finely tuned subsets of its 2.3 billion users, based on thousands of characteristics, including age, location, gender, occupation and interests.
Para. 3 Facebook is already facing pressure to stop promoting anti-vaccine propaganda to users amid global concern over vaccine hesitancy and a measles outbreak in the Pacific north-west.
Para. 4 On Thursday, California congressman Adam Schiff, the chair of the House intelligence committee, cited the Guardian's reporting on anti-vaccine propaganda on Facebook in letters to Mark Zuckerberg and Google CEO Sundar Pichai urging them to take more responsibility for health-related misinformation on their platforms.
Para. 5 'The algorithms which power these services are not designed to distinguish quality information from misinformation or misleading information, and the consequences of that are particularly troubling for public health issues,' Schiff wrote.
Para. 6 'I am concerned by the report that Facebook accepts paid advertising that contains deliberate misinformation about vaccines,' he added.
Para. 7 ①Facebook's ad-targeting tools are highly valued by businesses because they enable, for example, a pet supply store in Ohio to show its advertising exclusively to pet owners in Ohio. ②But the tools have also spurred controversy.
Para. 8 ①Facebook said it was looking into the issue. ②'We've taken steps to reduce the distribution of health-related misinformation on Facebook, but we know we have more to do,' a Facebook spokesperson said in a statement responding to Schiff's letter. ③'We're currently working on additional changes that we'll be announcing soon.'
Para. 9 ①The changes under consideration include removing anti-vaccine misinformation from recommendations and demoting it in search results, the spokesperson said. ②The steps they have already taken include having third-party fact-checkers review health-related articles.
Para. 10 A Google spokesperson declined to comment on Schiff's letter, but noted the company's recent changes to its recommendation algorithm to reduce the spread of misinformation, including some anti-vaccine videos.
Para. 11 ①'We've done a number of things within this realm,' the spokesperson said. ②'But these are still early days. And our systems will get better and more accurate.'
Para. 12 ①Schiff introduced a House resolution declaring 'unequivocal congressional support for vaccines' a few years ago. ②He told the Guardian that he plans to introduce a similar resolution again this year, but that he may update it to feature 'the role that these social media companies are playing in the propagation of this bad information'.
Para. 13 ①'It's difficult to understand why, when this problem has been raised, why either company would take advertising dollars to promote dangerous and misleading information,' Schiff said. ②'I think Our chances of passage are far better than they have been in the past, and tragically that's because we've seen the problem just grow and grow.'
单选题 Para. 1 ①Suicide fascinates us. ②It is at once appalling and yet, in the darkest places in our minds, appealing. ③It is the most damaging sort of death. ④A child's suicide is a parent's worst nightmare, and a parent's marks their children for life. ⑤It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
Para. 2 ①The suicide rate in America is up by 18%. ②The rise is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms and crushed by busts. ③Nonetheless, beyond America's gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29%. ④The decline is particularly notable among three sets of people.
Para. 3 ①One is young women in India. ②In most of the world, older people kill themselves more often than the young, and men more than women. ③But in India, young women have been unusually prone to suicide. ④That is decreasingly the case. ⑤Another group is middle-aged men in Russia. ⑥After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. ⑦Both have now receded. ⑧A third category is old people all around the world. ⑨The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster than among other groups.
Para. 4 ①Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? ②Urbanization and greater freedom have helped. ③As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens, women have more choice about whom they marry or live with, making life more bearable. ④Leaving the village helps in another way, too. ⑤Because farming involves killing things, rural folk are likelier to have the means to kill themselves—guns, pesticides—to hand.
Para. 5 ①Social stability is also a factor. ②In the turbulence that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, many middle-aged people saw their sources of income and status collapse. ③As crises recede and employment rises, so suicide tends to ebb. ④And falling poverty rates among the old, which have declined faster than among other groups globally, are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
Para. 6 ①But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends. ②Policy plays a role, too. ③Active labour-market policies, which help re-train jobless workers and ease them back into work, prevent many suicides. ④And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old and sick, can make a big difference: fear of chronic pain is one of the things that leads people to seek a quick way out.
Para. 7 ①For a few people—those who terminally ill, in severe pain and determined to die—suicide may be the least terrible option. ②In such circumstances, and with firm safeguards, doctors should be allowed to assist. ③But many of the 800,000 people who kill themselves each year act in haste, and more could be saved with better health services, labour-market policies and curbs on booze, guns, pesticide and pills. ④America, in particular, could spare much pain by learning from the progress elsewhere.
单选题 Para. 1 On any given night outside a theater in central Tokyo, hundreds of women can be found waiting in neat phalanxes, dressed in matching T-shirts or sporting identical colored handkerchiefs—the uniform of what may be the most rabidly loyal fans in Japanese entertainment.
Para. 2 The stars they're hoping to glimpse are women, too, actresses who play both male and female roles in the 102-year-old Takarazuka Revue, an enduringly successful theater company that is bringing its gender-twisting take on the Broadway musical to the Lincoln Center Festival in New York from July 20 to 24.
Para. 3 ①In Takarazuka's 'Chicago,' women play the sultry Velma and Roxie as well as the swaggering Billy Flynn and the hapless-schmoe Amos. ②The dialogue is in Japanese, but at a recent dress rehearsal here, the attitude and staging were all-American, loyal to Bob Fosse's vaudeville-inspired production, which has been running on Broadway for two decades.
Para. 4 In Japan, Takarazuka is a phenomenon that rarely tours outside the country.
Para. 5 ①Founded in 1914 by a railway company that hoped to lure travelers to a struggling hot spring resort outside Osaka, the group began with a handful of teenage singers and dancers and staged its first performances in a converted swimming pool. ②A century later, Takarazuka operates five sub-troupes and puts on 900 shows a year, in company-owned theaters in Tokyo and its original western Japanese base. ③Most of the shows sell out.
Para. 6 ①Cross-dressing, single-gender theater groups have a long history in Japan. ②This year's Lincoln Center Festival also features the Kanze Noh Theater, whose stately, stylized dramas are older than Shakespeare and are performed exclusively by men. ③Kabuki—Noh's somewhat newer, livelier cousin—was pioneered by all-female troupes, until a 17th-century public-morals crackdown put them out of business. ④Today, Kabuki, too, is all-male.
Para. 7 ①On the surface, Takarazuka looks like a rebellion against such classical Japanese art forms. ②Its touchstones are modern and Western—Parisian cabaret, Radio City-style variety shows and, since the 1960s, Broadway. ③The railway executive who founded the company is said to have banned Japanese musical instruments from its backing orchestra, fearful of a lingering public association between geisha and other traditional female performers and prostitution.
Para. 8 ①Despite its Western trappings, Takarazuka draws on 'ideas of purity that are very primitively Japanese,' Akio Mild, a veteran Takarazuka director, said. ②They show up in its productions and in the way the company—whose official motto is 'modesty, fairness, grace'—regulates its performers' private lives.
Para. 9 ①'Chicago' is a rare Takarazuka show without a dreamy male hero. ②An all-female heater company might be counted on to lay bare men's flaws and follies onstage, but at Takarazuka the approach is gentler. ③Its shows depict men not as they are, Mild said, but as they ought to be.
Para. 10 ①'It's an idealized male image, seen through women's eyes: The heroes are more romantic, more divine,' he said. ②'They don't tend to lie or cheat. It's what the audience would like from men but doesn't usually get in reality.'
单选题 Para. 1 ①From her apartment at the foot of the celebrated zigzags of Lombard Street, Judith Calson has twice peered out her window as thieves smashed their way into cars and snatched whatever they could. ②She has seen foreign tourists cry after cash and passports were stolen. ③She shudders when she recounts the story of the Thai tourist who was shot because he resisted thieves taking his camera.
Para. 2 'I never thought of this area as a high-crime neighborhood,' Ms. Calson, a retired photographer, said of this leafy part of the city, where tourists flock to view the steeply sloped, crooked street adorned with flower beds.
Para. 3 ①San Francisco, America's boom town, is flooded with the cash of well-paid technology workers and record numbers of tourists. ②At the same time, the city has seen a sharp jump in property crime, up more than 60 percent since 2010, though the actual increase may be higher because many of the crimes go unreported.
Para. 4 ①Recent data from the F.B.I. show that San Francisco has the highest per-capita property crime rate of the nation's top 50 cities. ②About half the cases here are thefts from vehicles, smash-and-grabs that scatter glittering broken glass onto the sidewalks.
Para. 5 The city, known for a political tradition of empathy for the downtrodden, is now divided over whether to respond with more muscular law enforcement or stick to its forgiving attitudes.
Para. 6 ①The Chamber of Commerce and the tourist board are calling for harsher measures to improve what is euphemistically called the 'condition of the streets,' a term that encompasses the intractable homeless problem, public intravenous drug use, the large population of mentally ill people on the streets and aggressive panhandling. ②The chamber recently released the results of an opinion poll that showed that homelessness and 'street behavior' were the primary concerns of residents here.
Para. 7 The divided opinions on how to handle the problems are evident among members of the Board of Supervisors.
Para. 8 ①Scott Wiener, a supervisor and an advocate for more aggressive law enforcement, said his constituents were urging him to act. ②'I can't tell you the number of times where I have received emails from moms saying, 'My kids just asked me why that man has a syringe sticking out of his arm,'' he said.
Para. 9 On the other side is David Campos, a supervisor who opposes the increase in police officers and describes Mr. Wiener's views as 'a very knee-jerk kind of punitive approach that is ineffective and inconsistent with the values of San Francisco.'
Para. 10 'We are not going to criminalize people for being poor,' he said. 'That criminalization is only going to make it harder for them to get out of poverty.'
Para. 11 San Francisco's liberal ethos, Mr. Campos said, was changing as the city focused more on business and the needs of the tech industry.
Para. 12 ①'I think there has been a shift in the people who have come to San Francisco,' Mr. Campos said of the city's new arrivals, a group that is well educated and well heeled. ②He deplores what he describes as a growing 'sink-or-swim' free-market ideology that stands in contrast to the city's traditions.
Para. 13 'I don't know which San Francisco will prevail,' he said.
单选题 Para. 1 For more than a year, Facebook has endured cascading crises—over Russian misinformation, data privacy and abusive content—that transformed the Silicon Valley icon into an embattled giant accused of corporate over-reach and negligence.
Para. 2 ①Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook's chief executive, was publicly declaring it a 'crazy idea' that his company had played a role in deciding the American election. ②But security experts at the company already knew otherwise.
Para. 3 ①They found signs that Russian hackers were poking around the Facebook accounts of people linked to American presidential campaigns. ②Months later, they saw Russian-controlled accounts sharing information from hacked Democratic emails with reporters. ③Facebook accumulated evidence of Russian activity for over a year before executives opted to share what they knew with the public—and even their own board of directors.
Para. 4 As criticism grew over Facebook's belated admissions of Russian influence, the company launched a lobbying campaign—overseen by Sheryl Sandberg, the company's chief operating officer—to combat critics and shift anger toward rival tech firms.
Para. 5 ①Facebook hired Senator Mark Warner's former chief of staff to lobby him; Ms. Sandberg personally called Senator Amy Klobuchar to complain about her criticism. ②The company also deployed a public relations firm to push negative stories about its political critics and cast blame on companies like Google.
Para. 6 Those efforts included depicting the billionaire liberal donor George Soros as the force behind a broad anti-Facebook movement, and publishing stories praising Facebook and criticizing Google and Apple on a conservative news site.
Para. 7 ①Facebook faced worldwide outrage in March after The Times, The Observer of London and The Guardian published a joint investigation into how user data had been appropriated by Cambridge Analytica to profile American voters. ②But inside Facebook, executives thought they could contain the damage. ③The company installed a new chief of American lobbying to help quell the bipartisan anger in Congress, and it quietly shelved an internal communications campaign, called 'We Get It,' meant to assure employees that the company was committed to getting back on track.
Para. 8 ①Sensing Facebook's vulnerability, some rival tech firms in Silicon Valley sought to use the outcry to promote their own brands. ②After Tim Cook, Apple's chief executive, quipped in an interview that his company did not traffic in personal data, Mr. Zuckerberg ordered his management team to use only Android phones. ③After all, he reasoned, the operating system had far more users than Apple's.
Para. 9 Washington's senior Democrat, Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, raised more money from Facebook employees than any other member of Congress and he was there when the company needed him.
Para. 10 ①This past summer, as Facebook's troubles mounted, Mr. Schumer confronted Mr. Warner, who by then had emerged as Facebook's most insistent inquisitor in Congress. ②Back off, Mr. Schumer told Mr. Warner, and look for ways to work with Facebook, not vilify it. ③Lobbyists for Facebook—which also employs Mr. Schumer's daughter—were kept abreast of Mr. Schumer's efforts.
单选题 第一段 ①精准加力补短板。②要针对严重制约经济社会发展和民生改善的突出问题，加大补短板力度，加快提升公共服务、基础设施、创新发展、资源环境等支撑能力。
第二段 ③贫困地区和贫困人口是全面建成小康社会最大的短板。④要深入实施精准扶贫精准脱贫，今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上，完成易地扶贫搬迁340万人。⑤中央财政专项扶贫资金增长30%以上。⑥加强集中连片特困地区、革命老区开发，改善基础设施和公共服务，推动特色产业发展、劳务输出、教育和健康扶贫，实施贫困村整体提升工程，增强贫困地区和贫困群众自我发展能力。
第三段 ⑦推进贫困县涉农资金整合，强化资金和项目监管。⑧创新扶贫协作机制，支持社会力量参与扶贫。⑨切实落实脱贫攻坚责任制，实施最严格的评估考核，严肃查处假脱贫、“被脱贫”、数字脱贫，确保脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。
翻译题Sister Wendy Beckett, the TV star and art
翻译题19世纪末，德国地理学家斐迪南-冯-里希霍芬(Ferdinand von