问答题As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers. It is an awful lot of rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So much for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts. In 1980 America recycled only 9.6% of its municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britain's recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past three years. Even so, when a city introduces a kerbside recycling programme, the sight of all those recycling lorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. "We are constantly being asked: Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds?" says Julian Parfitt, principal analyst at Waste and although incinerators are not as polluting as they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.) But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feed-stock. "If you can use recycled materials, you don't have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much," says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Management, a consulting firm based in Olympia, Washington. Extracting metals from ore, in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example, can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60% for steel, 40% for paper and 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of pollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the conta-mination of waterways.

问答题她那么仔细，一定已经注意到了这一点。

问答题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} 森林里住着三只蜥蜴1，觉得身体和周围的环境大不相同，没有安全感。其中一只说：“这里实在不安全，得想办法改变环境。”说完，这只蜥蜴便开始大干起来。森林之大，要使之改变谈何容易。不久这只蜥蜴便活活累死了。 另一只蜥蜴说：“看来想要改变这个地方非我辈能力所及，不如另寻安全的地方。”说完，便爬出了这片森林。只是它还没有找到梦中的乐土，就饿死了。 第三只蜥蜴看了看四周，说：“为什么一定要改变环境，而不改变自己来适应环境?”说完，它便借着阳光和阴影，慢慢地改变自己的肤色。于是它渐渐地在树干上隐没了。这只蜥蜴就成了变色龙2，从此在森林里安居繁衍。 * 蜥蜴：lizard 变色龙：chameleon

问答题Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 1 Under modern conditions, this required varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 2 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country"s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the stucture of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent of scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. 3 Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 4 in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 5 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

问答题And may trouble avoid you wherever you go!

问答题The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.

问答题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. 1 Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. 2 The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief finanical officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chances to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. 3 And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. 4 If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. 5 More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can"t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

问答题最近一项调查表明，中国的大部分建筑——不论是办公楼还是居民楼——所消耗的电、热和水等资源比发达国家的同类建筑要多。例如，北京居民家庭平均消耗的能源是气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍，中国是资源短缺的国家，我们必须节约资源，才能使我国的经济持续发展。

问答题The ancient compass is of high sensibility.

问答题People remember emotionally charged events more easily than they recall the quotidian. A sexual encounter trumps doing the grocery shopping. A mugging trumps a journey to work. Witnessing a massacre trumps pretty well anything you can imagine. That is hardly surprising. Rare events that might have an impact on an individual"s survival or reproduction should have a special fast lane into the memory bank—and they do. It is called the α2b-adrenoceptor, and it is found in the amygdala, a part of the brain involved in processing strong emotions such as fear. The role of the α2b-adrenoceptor is to promote memory formation—but only if it is stimulated by adrenaline. Since emotionally charged events are often accompanied by adrenaline secretion, the α2b-adrenoceptor acts as a gatekeeper that decides what will be remembered and what discarded. However, the gene that encodes this receptor comes in two varieties. That led Dominique de Quervain, of the University of Zurich, to wonder if people with one variant would have better emotional memories than those with the other. The short answer, just published in Nature Neuroscience, is that they do. Moreover, since the frequencies of the two variants are different in different groups of people, whole populations may have different mixtures of emotional memory. The reason Dr. de Quervain suspected the variants might work differently is that the rarer one looks like the commoner one when the latter has a memory-enhancing drug called yohimbine attached to it. His prediction, therefore, was that better emotional memory would be associated with the rarer version. And that did, indeed, turn out to be the case in his first experiment. This involved showing students photographs of positive scenes such as families playing together, negative scenes such as car accidents, and neutral ones, such as people on the phone. Those students with at least one gene for the rarer version of the protein (everyone has two such genes, one from his father and one from his mother) were twice as good at remembering details of emotionally charged scenes than were those with only the common version. When phone-callers were the subject, there was no difference in the quality of recall. That is an interesting result, but some of Dr. de Quervain"s colleagues at the University of Konstanz, in Germany, were able to take it further in a second experiment. In fact, they took it all the way along a dusty road in Uganda, to the Nakivale refugee camp. This camp is home to hundreds of refugees of the Rwandan civil war of 1994. In this second experiment the researchers were not asking about photographs. With the help of specially trained interviewers, they recorded how often people in the camp suffered flashbacks and nightmares about their wartime experiences. They then compared those results with the α2b-adrenoceptor genes in their volunteers. As predicted, those with the rare version had significantly more flashbacks than those with only the common one. Besides bolstering Dr. de Quervain"s original hypothesis, this result is interesting because only 12% of the refugees had the rarer gene. In Switzerland, by contrast, 30% of the population has the rare variety—and the Swiss are not normally regarded as an emotional people. Whether that result has wider implications remains to be seen. Human genetics has a notorious history of jumping to extravagant conclusions from scant data, but that does not mean conclusions should be ducked if the data are good. In this case, the statistics suggest Rwanda may have been lucky: the long-term mental-health effects of the war may not be as widespread as they would have been in people with a different genetic mix. On the other hand, are those who easily forget the horrors of history condemned to repeat them?

问答题1．观察和评价一个国家的人权状况，应考虑到该国的历史、社会、经济、文化等条件，不能割断该国的历史、脱离该国的国情，更不能按一个模式或某个国家或区域的情况来简单套用。各国的人权问题主要由各国政府和人民自己来解决，世界的人权问题要由世界各国政府和人民共同参与来解决。 2．当前，国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以来最复杂、最深刻的变化。和平与发展依然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。和平是发展的前提，发展是和平的保障，在和平的环境中谋求发展已成为国际社会的共同愿望。 3．获得更多知识的唯一途径是通过教育和培训。知识如同资本、物质资源和汗水一样，已经变成了生产的一个必要因素——也许是最基本的因素。因此，一个社会的教育体系应该是能够向以知识为基础的工作迅速转变，否则这个社会就将不可避免地落在后面。

问答题In his autobiography. Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but 11 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think lone and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. 12 He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. 13 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good obsever, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree." 14 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully." Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music." 15 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness but might possibly be injurious to the intellect and more probably to the moral character.

问答题他表现出一种令人惊讶的冷漠。

问答题他点点头，喉头发紧，一句话也说不出来。

问答题 6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian"s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. 7 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 8 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodolozies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 9 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method". frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy". Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the disciphne as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 10 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

问答题中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路。

问答题2006年，国内生产总值中农业增加值24700亿元，按可比价格计算，增长5.0%，保持平稳增长态势。

问答题{{B}}人人享有基本医疗卫生服务{{/B}} 2008年，中国民众期待已久的新医改将要启动了。在1月7日召开的全国卫生工作会议上，卫生部部长陈竺表示，2008年的主要任务是选择部分地区，围绕改革重点内容开展试点，为在全国范围深化改革探索经验，以实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标，保证广大群众病有所医。 现阶段国家卫生部的核心工作是建设和完善覆盖城乡居民的公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系和药品供应保障体系，为城镇和农村居民提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。 副部长高强在会上提出，要走中国特色社会主义卫生发展道路，盲目引进西方发达国家的卫生发展模式就会发生失误。国务院副总理吴仪还强调，卫生是公益性事业，不能照搬经济领域的经验和做法。 基本医疗卫生制度必须坚持为人民服务的方向，坚持公共医疗卫生的公益性质，切断药品销售与医疗机构的经济利益关系，加大政府责任，增加政府投入。关于政府的财政补助，陈竺强调补“供方”，即财政补助公立医疗机构。他强调政府要加大对公共卫生、农村卫生、城市社区卫生的财政投入。 卫生部部长陈竺指出，“到2020年实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务”是卫生工作的重大战略目标。他说，“人人享有”的本质含义是“公平享有”，任何公民，无论年龄、性别、职业、地域、支付能力等，都享有同等权利。人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的一个重要着眼点是促进公平。因此，必须采取切实措施逐步缩小当前在医疗卫生方面存在的地区之间、不同群体之间和城乡之间的差异。

问答题1．接着该部门必须监控获得信贷的消费者，收回所有到期应收款。这一部门细心的信贷审查以及有效的收款程序能够大量削减代理融资的内在风险。 2．他必须与融资方高级员工进行磋商，改进对融资方的信贷政策，并且全面掌握与信贷、收款以至破产、流动性相关的各种事项。 3．协助信贷经理工作的可以是几名监督人员，他们有自己的信贷责任，同时也监督着信贷专家们对消费定单所进行的分析以及批准。 4．为尽到所有这些职责，每一位监督人员要不断地观察研究与其相关的行业，好让自己能够预见到对他经管的信贷账目产生影响的市场动态。 5．监督人员的主要挑战是在客户提出所有消费定单均获得信贷批准的要求与一些消费者不确定的财务状况之间保持较好的平衡。

问答题Later when the children came home for the week of Christmas, the house was bright with Christmas colours.