翻译题本届论坛直接服务于进博会的总体目标，紧扣当前国际国内经贸发展的新趋势和新变化，体现开放发展新理念

翻译题Everyone in Nawab Colony can point to victims.

翻译题A study published this week in the Proceedings

翻译题In 1876 Tetteh Quarshie, a blacksmith, smuggled

翻译题……当前，信息技术、生命科学、智能制造、绿色能源等前沿领域不断突破

翻译题在这个百年变局中，中国当然也会遇到各种新的挑战和新的风险。然而，中国外交就像一艘在大海中航行的巨轮

翻译题中国中铁股份有限公司是集勘察设计、施工安装、工业制造、房地产开发、资源矿产、金融投资和其他业务于一体

翻译题敦煌行-丝绸之路国际旅游节自2011年开始在甘肃举办，是全国唯一以丝绸之路命名的常设性旅游节会

翻译题Risto Siilasmaa is the chairman of Nokia, which

翻译题As dawn breaks in Hanoi the botanical gardens

翻译题肿瘤已经成为我国致死疾病的头号凶手，根据国家癌症中心最新发布的中国恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析报告

翻译题According to the newly released Global Nutrition

英译汉Stroll through the farmers’ market and you will hear a plethora of languages and see a rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown and you’ll see loncheras — taco trucks — on street corners and hear Spanish bandamusic. On the city’s northern edge, you can sample Indian chaat. Welcome to Beaverton, a Portland suburb that is home to Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant population. Once a rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is now the sixth largest city in Oregon — with immigration rates higher than those of Portland, Oregon’s largest city. Best known as the world headquarters for athletic shoe company Nike, Beaverton has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. Settled by immigrants from northern Europe in the 19th century, today it is a place where 80 languages from Albanian to Urdu are spoken in the public schools and about 30 percent of students speak a language besides English, according to English as a Second Language program director Wei Wei Lou. Beaverton’s wave of new residents began arriving in the 1960s, with Koreans and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican origin), who were the first permanent Latinos. In 1960, Beaverton’s population of Latinos and Asians was less than 0.3 percent. By 2000, Beaverton had proportionately more Asian and Hispanic residents than the Portland metro area. Today, Asians comprise 10 percent and Hispanics 11 percent of Beaverton’s population. Mayor Denny Doyle says that many in Beaverton view the immigrants who are rapidly reshaping Beaverton as a source of enrichment. “Citizens here especially in the arts and culture community think it’s fantastic that we have all these different possibilities here,” he says. Gloria Vargas, 50, a Salvadoran immigrant, owns a popular small restaurant, Gloria’s Secret Café, in downtown Beaverton. “I love Beaverton,” she says. “I feel like I belong here.” Her mother moved her to Los Angeles as a teenager in 1973, and she moved Oregon in 1979. She landed a coveted vendor spot in the Beaverton Farmers Market in 1999. Now in addition to running her restaurant, she has one of the most popular stalls there, selling up to 200 Salvadoran tamales — wrapped in banana leaves rather than corn husks — each Saturday. “Once they buy my food, they always come back for more,” she says. “It’s pretty relaxed here,” says Taj Suleyman, 28, born and raised in Lebanon, and recently transplanted to Beaverton to start a job working with immigrants from many countries. Half Middle Eastern and half African, Suleyman says he was attracted to Beaverton specifically because of its diversity. He serves on a city-sponsored Diversity Task Force set up by Mayor Doyle. Mohammed Haque, originally from Bangladesh, finds Beaverton very welcoming. His daughter, he boasts, was even elected her high school’s homecoming queen. South Asians such as Haque have transformed Bethany, a neighborhood north of Beaverton. It is dense with immigrants from Gujarat, a state in India and primary source for the first wave of Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants. The first wave of South Asian immigrants to Beaverton, mostly Gujaratis from India, arrived in the 1960s and 1970s, when the motel and hotel industry was booming. Many bought small hotels and originally settled in Portland, and then relocated to Beaverton for better schools and bigger yards. The second wave of South Asians arrived during the high-tech boom of the 1980s, when the software industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took off. Many of Beaverton’s Asians converge at Uwajimaya, a 30,000-square-foot supermarket near central Beaverton. Bernie Capell, former special events coordinator at Uwajimaya, says that many come to shop for fresh produce every day. But the biggest group of shoppers at Uwajimaya, she adds, are Caucasians. Beaverton’s Asian population boasts a sizable number of Koreans, who began to arrive in the late 1960s and early 1970s. According to Ted Chung, a native of Korea and Beaverton resident since 1978, three things stand out about his fellow Korean immigrants. Upon moving to Beaverton, they join a Christian church — often Methodist or Presbyterian — as a gathering place; they push their children to excel in school; and they shun the spotlight. Chung says he and his fellow Korean émigrés work hard as small businessmen — owning groceries, dry cleaners, laundromats, delis, and sushi shops — and are frugal so they can send their children to a leading university. Most recently, immigrants from Central and South America, as well as refugees from Iraq and Somalia, have joined the Beaverton community. Many Beaverton organizations help immigrants. The Beaverton Resource Center helps all immigrants with health and literacy services. The Somali Family Education Center helps Somalis and other African refugees to get settled. And one Beaverton elementary school even came up with the idea of a “sew in”— parents of students sewing together — to welcome Somali Bantu parents and bridge major cultural differences. Historically white churches, such as Beaverton First United Methodist Church, offer immigration ministries. And Beaverton churches of all denominations host Korean- or Spanish-language services. Beaverton’s Mayor Doyle wants refugee and immigrant leaders to participate in the town’s decision-making. He set up a Diversity Task Force whose mission is “to build inclusive and equitable communities in the City of Beaverton.” The task force is working to create a multicultural community center for Beavertonians of all backgrounds. The resources and warm welcome that Beaverton gives immigrants are reciprocated in the affection that many express for their new home. Kaltun Caynan, 40, a Somali woman who came to Beaverton in 2001 fleeing civil war, is an outreach coordinator for the Somali Family Education Center. “I like it so much,” she said, cheerfully. “Nobody discriminate[s against] me, everybody smiling at me.”

英译汉NARSAQ,Greenland—AsicebergsintheKayakHarborpopandhisswhilemeltingaway,thisremoteArctictownanditsculturearealsodisappearinginachangingclimate.Narsaq’slargestemployer,ashrimpfactory,closedafewyearsagoafterthecrustaceansflednorthtocoolerwater.Whereoncetherewereeightcommercialfishingvessels,thereisnowone.Asaresult,thepopulationhere,oneofsouthernGreenland’smajortowns,hasbeenhalvedto1,500injustadecade.Suicidesareup. “Fishingistheheartofthistown,”saidHansKaspersen,63,afisherman.“Lotsofpeoplehavelosttheirlivelihoods.” ButevenaswarmingtemperaturesareupendingtraditionalGreenlandiclife,theyarealsoofferingupintriguingnewopportunitiesforthisstateof57,000—perhapsnowheremoresothanhereinNarsaq.VastnewdepositsofmineralsandgemsarebeingdiscoveredasGreenland’smassiveicecaprecedes,formingthebasisofapotentiallylucrativeminingindustry.Oneoftheworld’slargestdepositsofrareearthmetals—essentialformanufacturingcellphones,windturbinesandelectriccars—sitsjustoutsideNarsaq.ThiscouldbemomentousforGreenland,whichhaslongreliedonhalfabilliondollarsayearinwelfarepaymentsfromDenmark,itsparentstate.MiningprofitscouldhelpGreenlandbecomeeconomicallyselfsufficientandrenderitthefirstsovereignnationcreatedbyglobalwarming. “Oneofourgoalsistoobtainindependence,”saidVittusQujaukitsoq,aprominentlaborunionleader. Buttherapidtransitionfromasocietyofindividualfishermenandhunterstoaneconomysupportedbycorporateminingraisesdifficultquestions.HowwouldGreenland’sinsularsettlementstolerateaninfluxofthousandsofPolishorChineseconstructionworkers,ashasbeenproposed?WillminingdespoilanaturalenvironmentessentialtoGreenland’snationalidentity—thewhalesandseals,thesilenticyfjords,andmythicpolarbears?Canfishermanreinventthemselvesasminers? “Ithinkminingwillbethefuture,butthisisadifficultphase,”saidJensB.Frederiksen,Greenland’shousingandinfrastructureministerandadeputypremier.“It’saplanthatnoteveryonewants.It’sabouttraditions,thefreedomofaboat,familyprofessions.” TheArcticiswarmingevenfasterthanotherpartsoftheplanet,andtherapidlymeltingiceiscausingalarmamongscientistsaboutsea-levelrise.InnortheasternGreenland,averageyearlytemperaturehaverisen4.5degreesinthepast15years,andscientistspredicttheareacouldwarmby14to21degreesbytheendofthecentury. Already,winterpackicethatcoversthefjordsisnolongerstableenoughfordogsleddingandsnowmobiletrafficinmanyareas.Winterfishing,essentialtofeedingfamilies,isbecominghazardousorimpossible. IthaslongbeenknownthatGreenlandsatuponvastminerallodes,andtheDanishgovernmenthasmappedthemintermittentlyfordecades.NielsBohr,Denmark’sNobelPrize-winningnuclearphysicistandamemberoftheManhattanProject,visitedNarsaqin1957becauseofitsuraniumdeposits.Butpreviousattemptsatminingmostlyfailed,provingtooexpensiveintheinclementconditions.Now,warminghasalteredtheequation. Greenland’sBureauofMineralsandPetroleum,chargedwithmanagingtheboom,currentlyhas150activelicensesformineralexploration,upfrom20adecadeago.Altogether,companiesspent$100millionexploringGreenland’sdepositslastyear,andseveralareapplyingforlicensestobeginconstructiononnewmines,bearinggold,ironandzincandrareearths.Therearealsoforeigncompaniesexploringforoffshoreoil. “Forme,Iwouldn’tmindifthewholeicecapdisappears,”saidOleChristiansen,thechiefexecutiveofNunamMinerals,Greenland’slargesthomegrownminingcompany,ashepickedhiswayalongaproposedgoldminingsiteupthefjordfromNuuk,Greenland’scapital.“Asitmelts,we’reseeingnewplaceswithveryattractivegeology.” TheBlackAngelleadandzincmine,whichclosedin1990,isapplyingtoreopenthisyear,saidJorgenT.Hammeken-Holm,whooverseeslicensingatthecountry’sminingbureau,“becausetheiceisinretreatandyou’regettingmuchmoretoexplore.” TheGreenlandicgovernmenthopesthatminingwillprovidenewrevenue.IngrantingGreenlandhomerulein2009,Denmarkfrozeitsannualsubsidy,whichisscheduledtobedecreasedfurtherinthecomingyears. HereinNarsaq,acollectionofbrightlypaintedhomesborderedbyspectacularfjords,twoforeigncompaniesareapplyingtothegovernmentforpermissiontomine. “Thisishuge;wecouldbeminingthisforthenext100years,”saidEricSondergaard,ageologistwiththeAustralian-ownedcompanyGreenlandMineralsandEnergy,whowasontheoutskirtsofNarsaqonedayrecently,pickingatrocksonamoon-likeplateaurichwithanestimated10.5milliontonsofrareearthore. Thatproximitypromisesemployment,andthecompanyisalreadyschoolingsomeyoungmenindrillingandinEnglish,theinternationallanguageofmineoperations.Itplanstobuildaprocessingplant,anewportandmoreroads.(Greenlandcurrentlyhasnoneoutsideofsettledareas.)Narsaq’stinyairport,previouslythreatenedwithclosurefromlackoftraffic,couldbeexpanded.Alocallandlordiscontemplatingconvertinganabandonedapartmentblockintoahotel. “TherewillbealotofpeoplecomingfromoutsideandthatwillbeabigchallengesinceGreenlandicculturehasbeenisolated,”saidJasperSchroder,astudenthomeinNarsaqfromuniversityinDenmark. Still,hesupportsthemineandhopesitwillprovidejobsandstemtherashofsuicides,particularlyamonghispeers;Greenlandhasoneofthehighestsuicideratesintheworld.“Peopleinthisculturedon’twanttobeaburdentotheirfamiliesiftheycan’tcontribute,”hesaid. Butnotallareconvincedofthebenefitsofmining.“OfcoursetheminewillhelpthelocaleconomyandwillhelpGreenland,butI’mnotsosureifitwillbegoodforus,”saidDorotheaRodgaard,whorunsalocalguesthouse.“Weareworriedaboutthelossofnature.”

英译汉PALOSDELAFRONTERA,Spain—BackhomeinGambia,AmadouJallowwas,at22,aloverofreggaewhohadjustfinishedcollegeandhadlandedajobteachingscienceinahighschool. ButEuropebeckoned. InhisWestAfricanhomeland,Mr.Jallow?ssalarywastheequivalentofjust50eurosamonth,barelyenoughforthenecessities,hesaid.AndeverywhereinhisneighborhoodinSerekunda,Gambia?slargestcity,therewastalkofeasymoneytobemadeinEurope. Nowhelaughsbitterlyaboutallthattalk.HelivesinapatchofwoodshereinsouthernSpain,justoutsidethevillageofPalosdelaFrontera,withhundredsofotherimmigrants.Theyhavebuilttheirhomesoutofplasticsheetingandcardboard,unsureifthewatertheydrinkfromanopenpipeissafe.Aftersixyearsonthecontinent,Mr.Jallowisrailthin,andhiseyeshaveayellowtinge.“Wearenotbushpeople,”hesaidrecentlyashegatheredtwigstostartafire.“Youthinkyouarecivilized.Butthisishowwelivehere.Wesufferhere.” ThepoliticalupheavalinLibyaandelsewhereinNorthAfricahasopenedthewayforthousandsofnewmigrantstomaketheirwaytoEuropeacrosstheMediterranean.Alreadysome25,000havereachedtheislandofLampedusa,Italy,andhundredsmorehavearrivedatMalta. Theboats,atfirst,broughtmostlyTunisians.Butlatelytherehavebeenmoresub-Saharans.Expertssaythousandsmore—manyofwhomhavebeenmovingaroundNorthAfricatryingtogettoEuropeforyears,includingSomalis,Eritreans,SenegaleseandNigerians—arelikelytofollow,surethatabetterlifeawaitsthem. ButforMr.Jallowandformanyotherswhoarrivedbeforethem,oftenafterdaysatseawithoutfoodorwater,Europehasofferedhardshipstheyneverimagined.ThesedaysMr.Jallowsurvivesontwomealsaday,mostlyaleadenpastemadefromflourandoil,whichhestirswithabranch. “Itkeepsthehungeraway,”hesaid. Theauthoritiesestimatethatthereareperhaps10,000immigrantslivinginthewoodsinthesouthernSpanishprovinceofAndalusia,aregionknownforitscropsofstrawberries,raspberriesandblueberries,andtherearethousandsmoremigrantsinareasthatproduceolives,orangesandvegetables.MostofthemhavestoriesthatechoMr.Jallow?s. Fromtheroad,theirencampmentslooklikeigloostuckedamongthetrees.Upclose,thesqualorisclear.Pilesofgarbageandfliesareeverywhere.Oldclothes,stifffromdirtandrain,hangfrombranches. “Thereiseverythinginthere,”saidDiegoCa?amero,theleaderofthefarmworkers?unioninAndalusia,whichtriestoadvocateforthemen.“Youhaveratsandsnakesandmiceandfleas.” Themeninthewoodsdonotcallhomewiththetruth,though.TheysendpicturesofthemselvesposingnexttoMercedescarsparkedonthestreet,thekindofpicturesthatMr.Jallowsayshefellforsomanyyearsago.Nowheshakeshisheadtowardhisneighbors,whowillnottalktoreporters. “Somanylies,”hesaid.“Itisterriblewhattheyaredoing.Buttheyareembarrassed.” Evennow,though,Mr.JallowwillnotconsidergoingbacktoGambia.“Iwouldprefertodiehere,”hesaid.“Icannotgohomeempty-handed.IfIwenthome,theywouldbesaying,?Whathaveyoubeendoingwithyourself,Amadou??TheythinkinEuropethereismoneyallover.”Theimmigrants—virtuallyallofthemaremen—clusterbynationalityandlookforworkonthefarms.ButMr.Ca?amerosaystheyareofferedonlytheleastdesirablework,likehandlingpesticides,andlittleofitatthat.Mosthavenoworkingpapers. Occasionally,thepolicebringbulldozerstoteardowntheshelters.Butthemen,whohaveusuallyusedtheirfamily?slifesavingstogethere,aremostlyleftalone—theconditionstheyliveunderareanopensecretinthenearbyvillages. ThemayorofPalosdeLaFronteradidnotreturnphonecallsaboutthecamp.ButJuanJoséVolante,themayorofnearbyMoguer,whichhasanevenlargerencampment,issuedastatementsayingthetowndidnothaveenoughmoneytohelpthemen.“Theproblemistoobigforus,”hesaid.“Ofcourse,wewouldliketodomore.” Onawarmspringnight,someofthemenplaycardssittingontheplasticpesticidecontainersandbrokenfurnituretheyhavecollectedfromthetrash.Somedriftintotowntosocializeandbuysupplies,iftheyhavemoney.Buttheyarenotwelcomeinthelocalbars.DuringtheWorldCuplastyear,thefarmworkers?unionarrangedforatrucktosetupagianttelevisionscreenintheforestsothemencouldwatchit. “Thebarsdon?twantthem,”Mr.Ca?amerosaid.“Theysaythemensmellbadandtheyarenotgoodforbusiness.MostofthemareMuslim,andtheydon?tbuyalcohol.” Mr.Jallowhadhismother?sblessingbuthadnottoldhisfatherabouthisplanswhenhelefthomeonhisbicyclein2002,headingforSenegal,wherehehopedtofindaboattotheCanaryIslands. HeendedupinGuinea-Bissau,where,onenighttwoyearslater,hegotwordthataboatforEuropewouldleaveinafewhours.Thereweresomanypeopleaboard—131—thathewasbarelyabletomoveforthe11dayshespentatsea.Thelastfivedayswerewithoutfoodandwater. Passengerswerevomitingconstantly,hesaid.Theyoungmansittingnexttohimdiedonenight,thoughnoonenoticeduntilthemorning.Hisbodywasthrownoverboard. “Alotofuscouldnotwalkwhentheytookusofftheboat,”herecalled.“Icouldstillwalk,butitwaslikeIwasdrunk.IputmyselfinGod?shandsthathewouldtakecareofme.” After40daysinadetentioncenterintheCanaryIslandshewasbroughttothemainlandandreleasedwithastandardordertoleavethecountry.“IthoughtIwasgoingtobeamillionaire,”Mr.Jallowsaid. Hismothermanagedtogetanuncleonthephonewhosaidhewouldmeethimatatrainstation.Butwhenhearrivedthere,hisuncle?sphonerangandrang.Later,helearnedhisunclelivednowherenearthestation.Soon,hewassteeredtotheforestbyotherimmigrants. InthesixyearshehaslivedinSpain,Mr.Jallowhasfoundtemporaryworkinrestaurantsorinthefields,sometimesmaking30euros,orabout$42,for10hoursofwork.Hesayshehasmadeabout12,000euros,closeto$17,000,sincecomingtoEurope,andsentmaybeathirdofithome.Hehasnottalkedtohisfamilyinmonthsbecausehehasnomoney. “Timesarebadforeveryonehere,”hesaid.“Notlongago,Isawmyuncleinthewoods.ButItoldhimhewasnothingtome.”

英译汉A few weeks back, I asked a 14-year-old friend how she was coping with school. Referring to stress, she heaved a big sigh and said: "Aiyah, anything bad that can happen has already happened." Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard, and so on. Pessimism again, in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore''s education system, widely regarded as too results-oriented, and I wonder why I even bothered to ask. The school system of reaching for A''s underlies the country''s culture, which emphasizes the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves. Such a culture is hard to change. So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success, encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts, sports, research or as entrepreneurs, I had my doubts about its success in this area, if not coupled with help from parents themselves. The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister, formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C''s: cash, condos, clubs, credit cards and cars, to help prepare the nation for the future. It is good that the government wants to do something about the country''s preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee''s success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence. This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit — the family. Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life. If ever I become a parent, I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about lying on a sleeping bag over grass. In fact, it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance, they give directions to the lost traveler, I will say. And who knows, my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky. That''s my point. Parents should teach their children that there''s more to life than studies. Better still if the nation''s leaders echo that idea as well. This way, when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo, they won''t feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe. However, the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents. But parents can take the cue from the new Remaking Singapore Committee and be aware of giving their children the right kind of education. It is now wait-and-see if, say, 10 years down the road, more would choose alternative careers. Hopefully, by then no one would think sportsmen or musicians as making too big a sacrifice in chasing their dreams.

英译汉The importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the world''s labor force is employed in agriculture. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent. Farm size varies widely from region to region. Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 186 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for U.S. farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres). The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3.6 ha (less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha (less than 3 acres). Size also depends on the purpose of the farm. Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually done on large holdings. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labor. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa. Wheat farms are most efficient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals. Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number in developed countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. A "back-to-the-land" movement in the U.S. reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980. The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, and terrain. Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn and rye. Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt. Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived from a single commodity; for example, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specializes in dairy products, Australia in wool, and New Zealand and Argentina in meat products. In the U.S., wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years. The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends on many variables. Among them is the possibility that the country is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa, and Myanmar with rice. On the other hand, an exceptionally well-developed country may produce surpluses not needed by its own population; this has been true of the U.S., Canada, and some of the West European countries.

英译汉Stonehenge, England — The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity. Renovations — including a plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument — had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget squeeze. Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a Unesco World Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the lawmakers say. Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago. For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed （拥挤的）parking lot, via a makeshift （临时的）souvenir（纪念品） shop in a tent, to a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks. The overhaul was scheduled for next spring. Plans by the architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about two and a half kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones. The center would include a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history. A transit system would shuttle visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would encourage tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape. Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start next year and be completed in time for the Olympics — but the economic downturn has changed those plans. The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over the next five years to help close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute. English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult. Hunched over architectural renderings of the new center, Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London, like the Tate and the British Museum. But Ms. Knowles said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”

英译汉HIGUERADELASERENA，Spain—Itdidn’ttakelongforManuelGarcíaMurillo，abricklayerwhotookoverasmayorherelastJune，torealizethathistownwasintrouble.Itwas800，000euros，alittlemorethan$1million，inthered.Therewasnocashonhandtopayforanything—andtherewasworkthatneededtobedone. Butthenanamazingthinghappened，hesaid.Justasthehealthdepartmentwasabouttoclosedownthedaycarecenterbecauseitdidn’thaveaproperkitchen，BernardoBenítez，aconstructionworker，offeredtoputupthewallsandthetilesfree.Then，MariaJoséCarmona，anadulteducationteacher，steppedintocleantheplaceup. Andsomehow，thevolunteersjustkeptcoming.EverySundaynow，theresidentsofthistowninsouthwestSpain—youngandold—dowhatneedstobedone，whetheritiscleaningthestreets，rakingtheleaves，uncloggingculvertsorplantingtreesinthepark. “Itwasaninitiativefromthem，”saidMr.García.“Daytodaywetalkedtopeopleandwetoldthemtherewasnomoney.Ofcourse，theycouldseeit.Thegrassinbetweenthesidewalkswasuptomythigh.“ HigueradelaSerenaisinmanywaysamicrocosmofSpain’stroubles.JustasSpain’snationalandregionalgovernmentsarestrugglingwiththecollapseoftheconstructionindustry，overspendingonhugecapitalprojectsandapileupofunpaidbills，thesameproblemsafflictmanyofitssmalltowns. ButwhathasbroughtHigueradelaSerenaameasureoffameinSpainisthattheresidentshavesteppedupwheretheirgovernmenthasfailed.Mr.Garcíasayshisphoneringsregularlyfromothertownofficialswhowanttoknowhowtodothesamething.Heisservingwithoutpay，asarethetown’stwootherelectedofficials.Theyarealsoforgoingthecarsandphonesthatusuallycomewiththejob. “Welivedbeyondourmeans，”Mr.Garcíasaid.“Weinvestedinpublicworksthatweren’tsensible.Weareintechnicalbankruptcy.”EvensomemoneyfromtheEuropeanUnionthatwassupposedtobeusedforroutineoperatingexpensesandlastuntil2013hasalreadybeenspent，hesaid. HigueradelaSerena，aclusterofabout900housessurroundedbyfarmland，andtraditionallydependentonpigfarmingandolives，gotsweptupinthegiddydaysoftheconstructionboom.Itbuiltaculturalcenterandinvestedinasmallnursinghome.Buttheprojectswereplaguedbydelaysandcostoverruns. Theculturalcenterstillhasnobathrooms.Thenursinghome，awhitewashedbuildingsitsontheedgeoftown，stillunopened.Together，theyaccountforsome$470，000ofdebtowedtothebank.Buttherestofthedebtismostlytheunpaidbillsofatownthatwasnotkeepingupwithitsexpenses.Itowesformedicalsupplies，fordieselfuel，forroadrepair，forelectricalwork，formusicianswhoplayedduringholidays. HigueradelaSerenaisnotcompletelywithoutworkers.Itstillhasahalf-timelibrarian，twohalf-timestreetcleaners，someonepart-timeforthesportscomplex，asecretaryandanadministrator，allofwhomarepaidthroughvariousfinancingstreamsapartfromthetown.Butthetownoncehadaworkforcetwicethesize.Andwhensomeoneisill，volunteershavetostepinorthegymandsportscomplex—openfourhoursaday—mustclose.

英译汉LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses. In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and — most important — a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school. They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) — a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands. At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio· Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said. Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates. The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed. In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey. Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend. Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.