单选题go aboard

单选题Read the following article and choose the best word for each space. For questions 26~45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. As Oil Declines, So Does America More than 100 years ago, America's first great economic【C1】______abroad was spearheaded by its giant oil companies, notably John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company. These companies【C2】______powerful beachheads in Mexico and Venezuela, and later in parts of Asia, North Africa and, of course, the Middle East.【C3】______they became ever more dependent on the extraction of oil in distant lands, American foreign policy began to be【C4】______around acquiring and protecting US oil concessions in major【C5】______areas. With World War II and the Cold War, oil and US national【C6】______became thoroughly intertwined. After all, the United States had prevailed over the Axis【C7】______in significant part because it possessed vast reserves of domestic petroleum, while Germany and Japan lacked them, depriving their forces of vital【C8】______supplies in the final years of the war. As it happened, though, the United States was using up its domestic【C9】______so rapidly that, even before World War II was over, Washington【C10】______its attention to finding new overseas sources of crude oil that could be【C11】______under American control. As a result, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and a host of other Middle Eastern producers would become key US oil suppliers【C12】______American military protection. There can be【C13】______question that, for a time, American domination of world oil production would prove a potent source of economic and military power.【C14】______World War II, an abundance of cheap US oil spurred the【C15】______of vast new industries, including civilian air travel, highway construction, a【C16】______of suburban housing and commerce, mechanized agriculture, and plastics. Abundant oil also underlay the global expansion of the country's【C17】______power, as the Pentagon defended the world while becoming one of the planet's great oil guzzlers. Its global dominion came to【C18】______on an ever-expanding array of oil-powered ships, planes, tanks and missiles. As long as the Middle East — and especially Saudi Arabia — served essentially as an American gas station and oil【C19】______a cheap commodity, all this was relatively painless. That is why the use of military force has been a【C20】______of American foreign policy since 1987.

单选题The food industry spends large amounts of money on advertisements to get people to buy their products.

单选题Questions 14-23 ·Look at the ten statements for this part. ·You will hear a passage talking about the use of "eye "phrases. ·Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W) or not mentioned(NM). ·Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

单选题Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.Participation【C1】______high school sports is not a constitutional right.【C2】______. it is a privilege, paid for by taxpayers, open to students who promise to【C3】______certain conduct requirements on and off the field. One of these promises is to【C4】______from using drugs. Drug use is a serious problem among high school students. Studies show that as many as 500, 000 high school students use muscle-pumping, life-destroying substances such as steroids. Many more use illegal drugs,【C5】______cause discipline problems and【C6】______the stage for lifelong【C7】______. Drug testing works to【C8】______and identify use. That is why drug testing is required to compete in the Olympics, the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the National Football League.【C9】______drug testing was instituted by these organizations, use of performance-【C10】______drugs has been greatly reduced. We should want【C11】______in schools. Indeed, many athletes【C12】______testing programs, and no wonder. Without testing, athletes have to choose between drug use and a competitive disadvantage【C13】______the field. Those who challenge the need for drug testing may be forgetting【C14】______it is like be an adolescent. Peer pressure is enormous, and one of the few effective counter-weights is the fear of being caught. More importantly, once drug use is【C15】______, a school can【C16】______to the student before he or she gets addicted or arrested. For 25 years, public schools【C17】______by federal judges and civil libertarians, with results everyone can see. It is time【C18】______decisions on how to run public schools locally【C19】______officials. There is nothing unconstitutional about asking those who gain the advantages of school-sponsored athletics to contribute to the safety of other players, the integrity of the game and their own well-being. The Supreme Court should leave these programs【C20】______.

单选题Read the following article and choose the best word for each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet Long-Term Care Crisis The apparent demise of the Class Act leaves many middle-income Americans【C1】______to cope with rising expenses【C2】______long-term care for family members, The Times reported on Tuesday. Unlike the rich, who can afford to pay for services themselves, or the poor, who get help【C3】______Medicaid, the federal and state program for low-income people, many members of the middle class have to look【C4】______disabled relatives themselves, or pay someone to do it. Polls show that many people believe that Medicare, the federal health program for those 65【C5】______older, pays for such care.【C6】______, Medicare stops paying nursing【C7】______bills after 100 days. More than 10 million people in the United States already have long-term care【C8】______, and two-thirds of the costs are paid for by government programs,【C9】______Medicaid. Studies estimate that unpaid family members deliver an even【C10】______share of the care, and the cost of nursing home care averages $72,000,a year. The Class Act's ambitions were undercut by an impractical structure that doomed it from the【C11】______experts and government actuaries say. Its【C12】______harks back to an attempt by President Ronald Reagan and a Democratic Congress to protect the elderly from catastrophic medical expenses and provide a modest prescription drug benefit and somewhat【C13】______nursing home care. That law, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, was repealed within months of enactment after a furious response by elderly voters angry that they had to【C14】______for the benefits themselves through a tax mostly paid【C15】______the wealthy. In a famous【C16】______. Representative Dan Rostenkowski, an Illinois Democrat who was chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, was booed and chased【C17】______a Chicago street by a group of elderly people, one of【C18】______draped herself over the hood of his car. The repeal legislation created a commission to examine the issue of long-term care, but it【C19】______the appetite of many in Congress to resolve the issue. The Clinton health plan made another attempt at improving long-term care, but the bill failed. And now the demise of the Class Act is【C20】______history.

单选题academy

单选题There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set. Now those 1 seem hopelessly old-fashioned. This Christmas, there were a lot of 2 computers under the tree. 3 that computers are the key to success, parents are also frantically insisting that children 4 taught to use them in school — as early as possible. The problem for schools is that when it 5 computers, parents don"t always know best. Many schools are 6 parental impatience and are purchasing hardware 7 sound educational planning so they can say, "OK, we"ve moved into the computer age." Teachers 8 themselves caught in the middle of the problem — between parental pressure and 9 educational decisions. Educators do not even agree 10 how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials 11 research has shown can be taught 12 with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should 13 to computers, warn of potential 14 to the very young. The temptation remains strong largely because young children 15 so well to computers. First graders have been 16 willing to work for two hours on maths skills. Some have an attention span of 20 minutes. 17 school can afford to go into computing, and that creates 18 another problem: a division between the haves and have-nots. Very few parents are agitating 19 computer instruction in poor school districts, 20 there may be barely enough money to pay the reading teacher.

单选题cable

单选题He suffered from mental illness and had no clear concept of right and wrong.

单选题Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a brief introduction to Charlton Heston, a famous American actor. Decide whether you think each statement about Charlton Heston is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM). Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.

单选题Look at the ten statements for this part. You will hear a passage about "Who First Started to Smoke? " ; you will listen to it twice. Decide if you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM).

单选题Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has changed into a harmless football and his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became radically changed. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers. Then, about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long formative period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their unproved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use — that of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, waiting for their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The hunting skills and the hunting urges remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences, but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead, the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their well-being.(To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.)The chase became exposed and end in itself. The logical extension of this trend was the big game hunter who never ate his kill, but merely hung its stuffed head on his wall, and the fox-hunter who has to breed foxes in order to release them to hunt them down. An alternation solution was to transform the activities of the hunting pack into other patterns of behavior. The key to the transformation lies in the fact that there was no longer any need to eat the prey. This being so, then why bother to kill any animal? A symbolic killing is all that is needed, providing the thrill of the chase can be retained. The Greek solution was athletics-field sports involving chasing, jumping, and throwing. The athletes, experienced the vigorous physical activities so typical of the hunting scene, and the patterns they performed were all elements of the ancient hunting sequence, but their triumph was now transformed from the actual kill to a symbolic one of "winning".

单选题Most people read newspapers for the news of the day. The typical daily newspaper contains articles about local, regional, national, and international news, as well as sports news, weather reports, editorials, and other features. In large cities, newspaper readers can often choose between a morning paper distributed early in the morning and an evening paper distributed at the end of the workday. Most American newspapers also publish an enlarged Sunday edition containing articles about the news of the day and of the week, plus a number of entertainment and advertising supplements. Daily newspapers are designed to be read quickly by busy people looking for specific information. The Sunday papers, on the other hand, are intended to entertain as well as inform, and they tend to be read leisurely by all members of the family. Other types of newspapers include campus newspapers, written by students at universities, and weekly newspapers, usually intended for a specific audience. The newspaper must provide for the reader objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. However, the opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor should confine himself to the "facts". This insistence raised two questions: what are the facts? And are the bare facts enough? As to the first question, consider how a so-called "factual" story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece.(This is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.)This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three. Thus, in the presentation of a so-called "factual" or "objective" story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporters and editors, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their "news neutralism", arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather than subjective processes — as objective, that is, as any human being can be. If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of these facts that support his particular excuse. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.

单选题Questions 14-23 ·Look at the ten statements for this part. ·You will hear a passage about "the number of genes ". You will listen to it twice. ·Decide whether you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W) or not mentioned(NM). ·Markyour answers on the Answer Sheet.

单选题I compute my losses at 500 dollars in that fire.

单选题Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage-spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already remade pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point and click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence", and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995, the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc. , a private intelligence analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. Straitford. com. Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them. " Open source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms, outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back and forth, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

单选题I shall ______ the loss of my ID card in the newspaper, with a reward for the finder.

单选题Read the following article from a magazine and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Crash-Prone? The Solution Could Be Windows XP; But Does It Make Sense to Upgrade Your Operating System? You can hardly turn on the television or click on a Web page without seeing a colorful ad for Microsoft's new Windows XP operating system, which launched on Oct. 25. So, now that the long-awaited XP is here, what are you going to do about it? Should you upgrade, and if you do, how hard is it and what are the potential drawbacks? The decision is pretty easy if you really need a whole new Windows PC. They all come with XP preloaded, and in my tests of a few such models, they seemed to work well. I'm writing this on my own new personal computer, a Dell that came preloaded with Windows XP, and it worked great right out of the box. The only downside is that if you're keeping older printers, scanners and other peripherals, you may have to download new "drivers" — the small programs that allow a PC and a peripheral to interact. XP contains many of the drivers for recent-model printers and the like, sparing you from even digging out the disks that came with them. But if you have older equipment, you may have to download new drivers, because the original software that came with the hardware might not work with Windows XP. It's harder to decide what to do about XP if you have a PC that doesn't need replacing. If you're happy with the way things are working, don't upgrade. It's never a trivial thing to change operating systems, and you shouldn't do it without a reason. However, there are two big limitations in prior versions of Windows that XP does fix, and that might make an upgrade worthwhile. These are stability — that is, the ability not to crash, or at least to do so rarely — and compatibility. Windows 98 and Windows ME, the previous consumer versions, had wide compatibility with consumer software and peripherals, but lousy stability. Windows 2000, the prior business version, had great stability, but limited compatibility with consumer software and add-on hardware. Windows XP is designed to combine the stability of Windows 2000(with which it shares underlying code)with the compatibility of Windows 98 and Windows ME, and in my experience, it does a good job at that. So if you need more reliability or compatibility than your current version of Windows supplies, an upgrade may be in order. But there's a catch. Microsoft says that an XP upgrade will really be sensible only if your PC is two years old or less — built after 1999. And you need at least a 300MHz processor and 128 megabytes of memory, though I recommend at least 192MB, and 256MB is even better. Also, you'll need a roomy hard disk — Windows XP alone will suck up 1.5 gigabytes. So there are only a limited number of PCs for which upgrading makes sense, and you may have to invest in beefing yours up first. Not only that, but you must have Windows 98, Windows ME or Windows 2000 on your current system to upgrade. If you have Windows 95 and somehow still have a new enough machine to qualify, you have to buy a very expensive, "full" version of Windows XP, basically wipe out your whole hard disk and start from scratch with XP, losing all your installed programs and settings. If you're good to go, you next have to decide which upgrade version of XP is right for you — the $99 Home Edition or the $199 Professional. The differences between them are surprisingly small, and 95 percent of home and small-business users will be fine with the home version. Buy the pro version only if you are running more than a modest network or need special security features. Note that if you have Windows 2000, or NT 4.0, you can upgrade only to Windows XP Professional, not the Home Edition. If you have Windows 98 or ME, you can choose either flavor of XP. In my tests, which included five PCs running all the main older versions; the Windows XP upgrades, both home and pro, went very smoothly. The process took about an hour in each case, and the installation software was friendly and clear in its instructions and progress reports.

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