问答题Describe the most unforgettable success in your life and your feeling about it. Include reasons and details to support your response.

问答题Directions:Youwillnowlistentopartofaconversation.Youwillthenbeaskedaquestionaboutit.Afteryouhearthequestion,giveyourself20secondstoprepareyourresponse.Thenrecordyourselfspeakingfor60seconds.Thespeakersdiscusstwopossiblesolutionstotheman"sproblem.Brieflysummarizetheproblem.Thenstatewhichsolutionyourecommendandexplainwhy.

问答题The term "alternative medicine" describes healing practices that are used in place of conventional "Western" medicine. Alternative medicine often rejects science-based medicine and includes therapies that developed out of religious and cultural traditions. Examples are naturopathy, herbalism, meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis, homeopathy, and nutritional-based therapies. Advocates of alternative medicine believe that the various alternative methods are more effective than conventional medicine in treating a wide range of medical conditions. Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine leads many people to seek alternative therapies. Some people choose alternative medicine because they do not trust traditional authority figures, such as the physician, or they dislike the current delivery methods of scientific medicine, particularly the over-reliance on synthetic drugs. Some patients prefer alternative therapies because they are averse to the painful or dangerous side effects of biomedical treatments. The majority of alternative medicine users find health-care alternatives to be more in agreement with their own values, beliefs, and philosophy about health. Many have a holistic orientation to health, a belief that the body, mind, and spirit are connected. To meet the growing demand for alternative treatments, a variety of schools and colleges offer courses in alternative medicine. Even conventional medical colleges have started offering courses. Most alternative medicine programs take a holistic approach to health that explores the interconnection between the mind and body. Mind-body medicine works under the premise that the mind can affect bodily functions and symptoms. Other alternative medicine programs emphasize the study of substances found in nature such as herbs, foods, vitamins, and minerals. Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific points made in the reading passage.

问答题Directions:Youwillnowlistentopartofaconversation.Youwillthenbeaskedaquestionaboutit.Afteryouhearthequestion,giveyourself20secondstoprepareyourresponse.Thenrecordyourselfspeakingfor60seconds.Thespeakersdiscusstwopossiblesolutionstothewoman"sproblem.Brieflysummarizetheproblem.Thenstatewhichofthesolutionsyourecommendandexplainwhy.

问答题Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? College students should not be allowed to keep pets in their dormitories. Please include specific details in your explanation.

问答题The students discuss a problem that the man has. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state what you think the man should do, and explain why.

问答题Which one do you think is the most effective way to learn? Taking notes, discussing with classmates, repeating and reciting.

问答题Some people get most of their news from newspapers and magazines. Others get information from TV or other media. Which source of news do you prefer and why?

问答题Question: Summarize the lecture and explain how maternal care affects the behavior of adult rats.

问答题IndependentWritingDirectionsForthistask,youwillwriteanessayinresponsetoaquestionthatasksyoutostate,explain,andsupportyouropiniononanissue.Youwillhave30minutestoplan,write,andreviseyouressay.Typically,aneffectiveessaywillcontainaminimumof300words.Youressaywillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwriting.Thisincludesthedevelopmentofyourideas,theorganizationofyouressay,andthequalityandaccuracyofthelanguageyouusetoexpressyourideas.Ifyoufinishyouressaybeforetimeisup,youmayClinkonNexttoendthissection.Whenyouarereadytocontinue,ClinkontheDismissDirectionsicon.Readthequestionbelow.Youhave30minutestoplan,write,andreviseyouressay.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillcontainaminimumof300words.Question:Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Womenshouldgobackhometobefulltimehousewivessoastogivemoreopportunitiestomen.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

问答题人类学中的考古部分，讲perishable的保护方法。如果人们去考古的话，最容易发现的就是stone tools, 纯粹就是因为石头比较坚强sustain, 虽然石器能告诉的信息不多，但是从形状来看，还是能知道其功用的，比如从石刀的cutting edge（刀刃，刀面）可以判断石头是切肉的还是切什么的（考点：从石刀的刀刃上可以看出什么）。不过，这并不能说明石头就是唯一的工具，那个时候的人们肯定能用木头，骨头来制作工具，但是这两个organic的工具很容易腐朽perish, 因为细菌bacteria什么的一作用，就瓦解了。但是，也有很多非石头perishable材质的artifacts得以保存，然后下面就讲了好几种如何保存。perishable材料的古文物被发现和相应的保存方法（有题，演讲的目的是什么）。 教授讲到海底沉船的东西往往都得以完整保存，其实谁都知道在海底，金属和盐水作用很容易腐蚀，但是在海底中的金属得以保存下来，是因为其表面形成了metallic coating（有题，沉船中的金属如何得以在海底得到保存，选的时候应该是metallic cove），但是捞起来的话，这个平衡打破，acid就会把金属腐蚀掉。人们使用的方法是进行electrology（电蚀法，电疗法），方法就是把这些金属放在什么溶液里，然后通电，然后金属表面就起了什么反应，就被保护起来了。 然后又讲了木质文物的保存方法，举了一个例子，十四还是十五世纪在伦敦附近海里的一个沉船，一开始没有受到关注，到了也许是十九还是二十世纪，人们怎么就发现了这个，然后就开始下去打捞，里面有各种东西，盘子，首饰等等。然后1970年怎么样，1984年去把整个船捞起来，有好几百吨重，但是这个肯定不能直接这样保存，所以就用特殊方法处理。在船体上涂蜡wax, 把wax挤入木质空隙中，代替水的存在，就能保存了（有题，如何让木质文物防腐）。 老师说以上这些方法都是人们为了保存易腐物质的方法，人为地创造不利于腐朽发生的条件。自然情况下，也能形成很好的保存环境，比如极度干燥缺水的地方desert。埃及的卡门法老墓因为极度的干燥，所以里面很多东西都得以保存，老师用一种开眼界见世面的口气连说：你能想象到人们打开法老墓的时候里面的一切都是完好无缺的吗？你能想象到甚至是flower都完整的保存下来吗？（有题，老师这样说的目的是什么？为了证明他的观点），另外一种情况一笔带过，就是极度寒冷的冰冻世界。

问答题Predator Effect. 是说当predator消失后，prey疯长，此时突然引入predator（考点），会对ecosystem有影响。重听题考了人们的普遍观点（就是一开始讲大家都知道的predator会使prey数量减少，然后引发系列效应，本文讲述这个common sense之外的另一种effect）。然后举例说某种鹿elk, 在yellow stone national park里生活，后来天敌狼灭绝了，是因为猎杀（这里有考题，是问那个阶段实行的policy的原因是什么）。然后elk就大量变多了，于是植物就被吃完了，然后突然引进wolf, 于是就产生predator effect, 后来鹿就少了，植物就被保护了。

问答题In recent decades, space-based observations have led astronomers to change their previous view that Pluto was the ninth planet in the solar system. By a strong majority, the International Astronomical Union voted to change the definition of what it means to be a planet. The new definition states that, in order to be called a planet, an object must meet three criteria. First, it must orbit the sun. Second, it must be large enough to have a round shape due to the force of its own gravity. Third, it must dominate the neighborhood of its orbit by clearing the region of other large bodies. Pluto meets the first two criteria. It orbits the sun, is round in shape, and has an estimated diameter of 2,400 kilometers. However, Pluto does not meet the third criterion because it does not dominate the region of its orbit. As a planet forms, it becomes the strongest gravitational body in its orbit, and this gravity causes it to sweep up asteroids, comets, and other debris around it. Pluto's orbit remains crowded with other objects, many of which are nearly as large as Pluto itself. The new definition of planet is clear and precise, and Pluto does not qualify. Astronomers now agree that Pluto is not a true planet. Instead, Pluto and its moons are part of a collection of objects called the Kuiper Belt. Astronomers have redefined Pluto as a dwarf planet, an object too small to be a real planet but too large to be a space rock. Unless Pluto gains mass by crashing into and absorbing the other objects in its orbit, it will remain a dwarf planet and not a true planet. Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they contradict specific points made in the reading passage.

问答题Readashortpassageandlistentoatalkonthesametopic.ReadingTime:45secondsNoticeconcerningproposedchangesinlanguagerequirementsAllinternationalstudentsatCommunityCollegearecurrentlyrequiredtosubmitaTOEFLscoreof80inordertobeadmittedtocreditclasses.Studentswhoscorelowerthan80arereferredtotheEnglishLanguageInstituteforadditionallanguageinstruction.Thecollegeisconsideringaproposalthatwouldallowstudentswithascoreof75totakeatleastonecreditclasswhiletheycontinuetostudyparttimeintheEnglishLanguageInstitute.Thestudentswouldbeassignedtoanacademicadvisorwhowouldhelpthemselectanappropriatecourse.Thisproposalwillbediscussedatapublicmeetinginthestudentunionat7P.M.onDecember1.Nowlistentoastudentwhoisspeakingatthemeeting.Sheisexpressingheropinionaboutthepolicyforinternationalstudents.QuestionThestudentexpressesheropinionofthepolicyforinternationalstudents.Reportheropinionandexplainthereasonsthatshegivesforhavingthatopinion.PreparationTime:30secondsRecordingTime:60seconds

问答题Explainhowwomenandmenexperienceconflictbetweentheirworkandfamilyroles.

问答题ReadingInthisquestion,youwillreadashortpassageonanacademicsubject,andthenlistentoatalkonthesametopic.Thenyouwillansweraquestionusinginformationfromboththereadingandthetalk.Afterthequestion,youwillhave30secondstoprepareyourresponseand60secondstospeak.Nowreadthepassageaboutwaysofestablishinganimalintelligence.Youhave45secondstoreadthepassage.Beginreadingnow.AnimalIntelligenceAtraditionalmethodfordeterminingananimal'sintelligencewasrelatedtotheratioofbraintobodymass.However,thismethodwasinconsistent.Mosthummingbirdshaveahigherratiothanhumans,althoughtheyareclearlylessintelligent.Currentattemptstoquantifyananimal'sintelligencefocusonobservationsofsocialbehaviorandproblem-solvingskills.Specieswithwell-developedsociallives,whichusuallyrequireadvancedformsofcommunication,areconsideredmoreintelligent.However,communicationisnottheonlyfactortoconsider.Anotherareathatisgivenalotofimportanceintheseinvestigationsisthelevelandstyleofplayemployedbyyoungermembersofthespecies.Themoreelaboratetheplay,thehigherthelevelofintelligenceassumed.Anotherindicatorofintelligenceistheuseoftools.Thisshowsanincreasedawarenessofananimal'simmediateenvironmentandanunderstandingofcauseandeffect,whichisbasedontheabilitytopredictfutureresults.ListeningQuestionTheprofessordescribesthebehaviorofdolphins.Explainhowtheirbehaviorshowsahighlevelofintelligence.