语法与词汇The twentieth century has been a period of enormous growth in mathematical research and in the number of mathematicians and fields __________them.

语法与词汇SL became the first VS woman ___ abroad the RM space station.

多选题WINSLOWHOMER1WinslowHomer,oneofthemostprominentnineteenth-centurypainters,wasresponsibleforraisingwatercolortoitspositionasanimportantmediuminAmericanart.Homerwasamasterofwatercolor,andhisbestwatercolorpaintingsequalhislargeroilpaintingsinbothstructureandintensity.Throughlongpractice,Homerunderstoodandexploitedtherequirementsofwatercolor,whichheappliedwheremostappropriate--totherecordingofimmediateexperience.Hehadgreatpowersofvisualanalysisandneverlookedatascenewithoutseeingitsunderlyingstructure.2SomeofHomer'swatercolorsoftheAdirondackwoods,withtheircomplicatedweavingofverticaltreetrunksagainstabackgroundofdeepautumnaltones,aredemonstrationsofmasterfulcompleteness.InoneparticularAdirondackpainting,TheBlueBoat(1892),allelementscometogetherwithperfectunity:thedeepblueoftheboat'shull,thegreenandgoldlandscape,thealertnessofthefishermen,thebrilliantcloudsandtheirreflectionsonthewater.Furthermore,itsdesignunitesthestructuralelementswiththeartist'senjoymentofmarkingandcoloringthepaper--allareblendedasthoughinasinglemomentofvisionandaction.1.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.A.Homerwasamasterofwatercolorandusedittorecordimmediateexperience.B.Homerisbestknownforhisdramaticoilpaintingsofseascapes.C.Hisunderstandingofstructureisshowninwatercolorsofmasterfulcompleteness.D.WinslowHomerwasborninMassachusettsin1836.E.TheBlueBoatisawatercolorpaintingoffishermeninaboatonthewater.F.Homer'sAdirondackwatercolorscombinestructuralelementsandcolorinperfectunity.

多选题WhatdoestheprofessorbelieveaccordingtothesituationintheUnitedStates?A.Paintingisthecentralartofourtime.B.Themovingpictureisthecentralartofourtime.C.Musicisthemostcentralartofourtime.D.Someotherartismoreimportantinourtim

多选题Grace Melvin Student publications of Vancouver"s art school prospectus compiled by Alexander reveal that Grace Melvin moved to Vancouver to teach crafts in I927, one year after artist teachers J. W. G. (Jock) Macdonald and Fredrick H. Varley, also from Great Britain, joined the staff. Melvin had been an instructor at the Glasgow School of Art, which is where she received her training. Alexander notes Melvin"s pioneering spirit in stating that, when Melvin arrived to teach at the art school, Vancouver was less than fifty years old and had a population of some 125,000. Her brother-in-law, Charles H. Scott, who was married to Melvin"s sister, Jean, had asked her to set up a design department for Vancouver"s new art school of which he was director. The art school had been established just two years earlier. Initially, Melvin took a two-year leave of absence from her teaching position in design and applied arts at the Glasgow School of Art, where she had been on staff for seven years. There she taught pottery, lettering and illumination, as well as embroidery. Melvin brought with her from Britain the influence of Pre-Raphaelite painters and of the Art Nouveau movement. The most influential person at the Glasgow School of Art, when Melvin was there, was Charles Rennie McIntosh, its architect. During her time as both student and instructor at GSA, she had studied during the summers in London and Paris. This included getting in touch with early manuscripts at the British Museum, where she made copies of these writings. From this experience came her passion for lettering, illuminating, and the book arts, which she passed on to many of her students at Vancouver art school who took crafts from her. The Prospectus reveals that in 1927 her crafts course included pottery and ceramics, embroidery and needlecraft, leatherwork, color-prints, etching, block printing on textiles, commercial art, advertising and commercial layout, lino-cuts, wood-engraving, wood-carving, lettering and illumination, wood decoration, and modeling. Melvin loved the flora and fauna of B.C. and encouraged her students to look to it for subject matter and training in design. One student admitted that Melvin"s appreciation of B.C. as a newcomer opened their eyes to its beauty. She reported Melvin as having said: "Look around you at the mountains, sea and forest primeval in this gorgeous part of Canada for you will not find color more varied, more subtle or more beautifully displayed than in this part of the world." Melvin also told her students that they will learn more about design by studying nature than by what she could tell them or from what they could read about in any number of books. Melvin also became interested in First Nation"s art and encouraged her students to use such art for inspiration in their own work. With French Canadian anthropologist Marius Barbeau, she co-authored and illustrated a book on First Nation"s legends entitled The Indian Speaks. Students at the art school recognized that Melvin had a close personal relationship with Barbeau, probably the source of her commitment to First Nations imagery in her art and teaching. Along with her experience in arts and crafts, Melvin transported to Vancouver her knowledge of the art of the broad-edged pen, featuring pen-formed letter shapes. This was an approach to lettering which was new to Canada. To help teach this, she brought with her a trunk full of craft tools and supplies and set up a small supply store in her office, making these supplies available to art school students. She continued to order such supplies directly from Britain during the absence of such materials in Vancouver. Lettering, illuminating, and heraldry were just a few of the skills that Melvin taught to high school art teachers within the design and applied art courses. Long-time greater Vancouver art teacher Madge Wight, who studied under Melvin at the art school in the mid-1930s, said Melvin had a tremendous impact on calligraphy in Vancouver. One suspects her influence on the art teachers when one considers the subsequent highly accomplished, student-produced lettering that appeared in the high school yearbooks in Vancouver schools. Art teacher Margaret Lewis, who attended the art school as a student during its first five years, wrote an article in the art school"s student publication about Melvin wherein she stressed the lettering Melvin taught her. At that time, lettering was a requirement at the art school for would-be art teacher specialists. In the early 1940s, Melvin wrote, lettered, and illustrated a teacher manual and a student workbook set entitled Applied Art in consultation with Lewis and two other Vancouver educators. Published in 1940 and 1941 by the B.C. Department of Education, the student manual set was to be used in the applied art course available to students majoring in home economics. Besides this manual, Melvin"s main impact on future art teachers in Vancouver seems to have been the concept of looking to one"s own environment for inspiration, the fascination with First Nation"s art, and pen-based lettering, all of which are evident in the art and teaching of her students who subsequently taught art in Vancouver high schools. Glossary prospectus: a detailed document produced by a college, school, or company, which gives details about it

多选题Whatistheproblemthatthemalestudenthasmetwhilewritinghisfinalpaper?A.Norealagreementontheactionthatneedstobetaken.B.NocomplaintsaboutAmericanpoliceserials.C.NocomplaintsaboutChinesekungfuviolencefilms.D.NoneedtocareabouttheconsequencesofviolenceonTV.

多选题WhydidAmygotoseeDr,Carter?A.Shewasunwell.B.Shewasworried,C.Shewasstressed.D.Shewasdepresse

多选题Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?A.TheinstrumentsthatstudyHalley'sComet.B.TheinternalstructureofHalley'sComet.C.ThefuturestudyofHalley'sComet.D.SomegeneralknowledgeaboutHalley'sComet.

多选题THEENLIGHTENMENTANDROMANTICISMTheRomanticMovementinmusicandliteraturewasareactionagainsttheEnlightenmentphilosophythathaddominatedmuchoftheeighteenthcentury.Enlightenmentidealsheldthathumansocietycouldreachperfectionthroughrationalthought,whileRomanticphilosophyreveledinthebeautyandunpredictablepowerofNature.TheEnlightenmentgloriedincivilizationandbelievedinprincelyruleofabenevolentkind.Romanticismbelievedindemocracyandthecommonpeople,revivingfolktraditions,ballads,andmedievalsagasthatmadeheroesofruralcharacters.Artistically,theEnlightenmentcondemnedexcessanddictatedthatthedisciplineofformalstructurewasbeneficialtoartisticexpression.Romanticism,ontheotherhand,celebratedemotionsandthesenses,believingthattheemotionaldemandsofaparticularworkshoulddictateitsform.WhiletheEnlightenmentbelievedinagenerallypositiveapproachtolifeandtheabandonmentofsuperstition,Romanticismfoundinspirationindeathasan"otherkingdom"andinthesupernatural;hence,literaturedevelopeda"Gothic"streakthateventuallyfounditswayintomusic.1.Selecttheappropriatesentencesfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtothephilosophythattheyillustrate.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.AnswerChoicesA.Thereisvalueinemotions,thesenses,andthepowerofNature.B.Thedisciplineofformalstructurebenefitsartisticexpression.C.Deathandthesupernaturalaresourcesofinspiration.D.Artisticvaluesaremoreimportantthansocialthemes.E.Humansocietycanreachperfectionthroughrationalthought.F.Folktraditionsareimportantbecausecommonpeopleareheroes.G.Symbolsandpatternsofimagesconveyartisticmeaning.

多选题 PROXIMATE AND ULTIMATE CAUSATION 1 Behavioral biologists ask two basic types of questions about animal behavior: how animals behave and why they behave as they do. The "how" questions seek to understand the proximate or immediate causes underlying a behavior at a particular time and place. For example, a biologist might want to explain the singing of a male white-throated sparrow in the spring in terms of hormonal or neural mechanisms. Such physiological causes of behavior are proximate factors. Alternatively, another biologist might ask what purpose singing serves the sparrow, and then attempt to understand events in the evolution of birds that led to springtime singing. These are "why" questions that focus on ultimate causation, the evolutionary origin and purpose of behavior. {{U}}These two types of questions are very independent approaches to behavior.{{/U}} 2 Questions about proximate causation examine how animals perform their various functions at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. The biological sciences that address proximate causes are known as experimental sciences because they use the experimental method of: (1) predicting how a system will respond to a disturbance, (2) making the disturbance, and (3) comparing the observed results with the predictions. Researchers repeat the experimental conditions many times to eliminate chance results that might lead to false conclusions. 3 Questions about ultimate causation ask what produced biological systems and their distinctive properties through evolutionary time. The sciences dealing with ultimate causes are known as evolutionary sciences, and they mainly use the comparative method rather than experimentation. Researchers compare characteristics of molecular biology, cell biology, anatomy, development, and ecology among related species to identify patterns of variation.

多选题Karl Marx Marx was the greatest thinker of the 19th century and his book Das Kapital had the greatest influence on any man in the 20th century due to its analysis of the economic laws that govern modern society. Marx was a social architect who thought a lot about the fabric of our communities and was preoccupied with the notion of work and its definition. Marx cautioned that we live in a capitalist society where the free market is supposed to equalize the dynamics of supply and demand within our economy. He argued against economists that stated a free economy makes money freely circulate. Marx points out that, on the contrary, the circulation or exchange of commodities in itself creates no value. Thus, the trick the Capitalist must perform in order to exact his profit is to obtain a greater value from his commodities than the original value. To Marx, that tactic reeks of exploitation. Marx stood for a fair deal for the proletariat, no matter what any worker did to contribute to society. Through his work, the worker created value, and was therefore deserving of a decent wage and a decent life. The anthropological definition of man, according to Marx, is he who works. It is our thumb that allows us to hold a hammer, and it is that, plus our brain capacity, which separates us from our ape ancestors. It was in the 19th century, during the Industrial Revolution that the masses traded in their farm labor for wages in the factories. Marx was born in 1818 in Germany during the Industrial Revolution. He saw how workers and even children were exploited in the coalmines and textile factories. These were unskilled workers who came off farms and could hold a shovel and thus be a hand for hire on construction sites or in factories. Marx understood the economics of supply and demand, the concept of private ownership and how a worker"s labor was his commodity-a service that he sold, just as a baker sold a loaf of bread or a doctor mended a broken bone. One"s labor only had a value if there was a buyer and one could sell his work. Capitalism, in contrast, only works when there is a large labor pool for employers to choose from so that they keep wages down. Unemployment is a necessary evil of a market economy. Marx witnessed the appearance of Henry Ford"s assembly line that specialized labor and turned workers into a mere cog of the bigger wheel. He also recognized how such a system would alienate the worker from his product and his work. The means became separated from the ends. The individual worker lost his voice, his power. The owner, the employer, could set the rules and pay his employees what he wanted. The worker"s only choice was to take it or leave it. Idle hands meant empty stomachs. Therefore, until followers of Marx started to organize the workers into a political force, forming trade unions, employees had no control over their work, or their destiny. Marx envisioned a just society, where workers would be paid a fair wage for their labor. Throughout history, it has always been kings, popes or CEOs of big multinational corporations who have controlled the wealth or the economy of the planet. Marx understood economics, especially the economies of larger scale. It was always the promise that the more of a product was made, the cheaper it was supposed to get. The more profit the factory owners made off the productivity of their workers, the more they supposedly shared their benefits, so that the money kept circulating. Marx"s communist ideal offered hope and ignited many ideologies. Marxism as a political movement had many incarnations in response to the imperialist and capitalist enslavement of the peasantry and of workers worldwide. In Russia, it was Leninism or the Soviet Socialism after World War Ⅰ, then Stalinism; in Spain, it was the Communist Party as resistance against Franco"s Fascism; and in Europe and North America it was the Trade Unionist movement of the 20"s and 30"s. Glossary Capitalist: the country or system based on the principles of capitalism exploitation: treating people unfairly by using their work or ideas for its own advantage envision: envisage something incarnation: representation of a particular quality

多选题VALLEYFLOORS1Thefloorofarivervalleydevelopsinoneoftwoways:asarock-flooredvalleybottomorasanaccumulationvalleyfloor.Arock-flooredvalleyisformedbyastreamthatnolongerincisesbycuttingdownwardbutmthererodeslatemllyinacoursethatwindsfromsidetosideacrossthevalleyfloor.Inarock-flooredvalley,thevalleyslopesareundercutandsteepenedbythesidewayserosion.Theflooroftheriverchannelliesinthebedrock,andoneithersideofthechannelitiscoveredbyonlyathinlayerofgmvelandsand.Asthestreamswingsacrossthevalleyfloor,itdepositsmaterialontheinsidesofthebendsinthechannel.2Thesecondtypeofvalleybottom,theaccumulationfloor,cannoteasilybedistinguishedfromarock-flooredvalleyonitssurface.Anaccumulationvalleyflooriscreatedbythecontinuousdepositionofgmvelandsandinanexistingincisedvalleywheretheaccumulationofmaterialhasreplacedthecuttingaction.Boththechannelfloorandthefloodplain--thepartofthevalleyfloorfloodedfrequentlyathighwater--arecomposedentirelyofthesegmvelandsanddeposits.Anaccumulationfloorismuchlessresistanttoerosionthanarockfloorsincethegmvelandsandofitschannelbedhavealreadybeentransportedandmayeasilyberemovedduringthenextflood.2.Selecttheappropriatesentencesfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtothetypeofvalleyfloorthattheydescribe.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.AnswerChoicesA.Theriverchannelflowsdirectlyoverthebedrock.B.Thetoplayerofrockismoreresistanttoerosionthantheunderlyingrock.C.Depositsofgravelandsandaccumulateonthevalleyfloor.D.Theriverswingsfromsidetoside,leavingmaterialontheinsidesofbendsinthechannel.E.Sandandrockaccumulateparalleltothecoastbutseparatedfromitbyachannel.F.Thesidewayserosionoftheriverundercutsandsteepensthevalleyslopes.G.Thechannelfloorandthefloodplainaremadeentirelyofgravelandsanddeposits.

多选题Whoisthe"fatherofanthropology"?A.Hammurabi.B.Herodotus.C.Tacitus.D.Hiung-Nu.

多选题Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the type of people to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points./r/n /r/n Primitive people/r/n Modern people /r/n /r/n /r/n ●/r/n ●/r/n /r/n /r/n ●/r/n ●/r/n /r/n /r/n ●/r/n ●/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n ●/r/n Answer ChoicesA. No regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world.B. Travel by trail roads or airplanes.C. Playing musical instruments.D. Living close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands.E. Having societies and languages.F. Hunting and fishing for life.G. Electing leaders of organizations.H. Building cities.I. Leaving their legacy in stones, bones and pottery.

多选题1.LIFEEXPECTANCY1Thegreatestdemographicstoryofthetwentiethcenturywastheenormousincreaseinlifeexpectancy,theaveragenumberofyearsapersoncanexpecttolive.Inmostmodernsocieties,lifeexpectancyrosedramatically,fromabout47yearsin1900toabout76yearsin2000.Thisdoesnotmean,however,thatpeoplesuddenlydiedontheirforty-seventhbirthdayin1900.Itmeansthatifhalfofthepeoplebornin1900diedinchildhoodandtherestlived95years,theaverageageatdeathwasaround47.Thedatafor1900reflecthighinfantandchildhoodmortalityrates.Atthattime,survivingthefirstfifteenyearsoflifewasthekeytolivingtooldage.Overthecentury,severalfactorsincreasedlifeexpectancy,mostnotablyimprovementsinpublichealth,suchaspasteurizedmilk,sewers,andindoorplumbing.Advancesinmedicalpractice,includingtheuseofantibioticsandvaccinationsforchildhoodillnesses,madeitincreasinglylikelythatinfantswouldreachadulthood.2Ontheonehand,increasedlifeexpectancyisasignofsocietalwellbeing;ontheotherhand,anagingpopulationposesitsownsetofproblems.Largenumbersofelderly,manywithchronicdiseases,becomeaburdenonthehealthcaresystemandontheirfamilies.Insocietieswherecareoftheelderlyisafamilyresponsibility,adultchildrencaringforagingparentsexperiencegreatpersonalandfinancialstress.1.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.A.Aroundhalfofthepopulationdiedontheirforty-seventhbirthdayin1900.B.Theaveragenumberofyearsapersoncouldexpecttoliverosefrom47to76inonlyacentury.C.Theleadingcausesofdeathin1900wereepidemicdiseases.D.Mortalityrateisthenumberofdeathsinaperiodasaproportionoftheentirepopulation.E.Improvementsinpublichealthandmedicalpracticessignificantlyraisedlifeexpectancy.F.Anagingpopulationincreasesthestressonasociety'shealthcaresystemandonfamilies.ABCDEFBEFKeyinformation:...lifeexpectancy,theaveragenumberofyearsapersoncanexpecttolive..,rosedramatically,fromabout47yearsin1900toabout76yearsin2000;...severalfactorsincreasedlifeexpectancy,mostnotablyimprovementsinpublichealth...Advancesinmedicalpractice...;Largenumbersofelderly,manywithchronicdiseases,becomeaburdenonthehealthcaresystemandontheirfamilies.Answer(A)isinaccurate;answers(C)and(D)arenotmentioned.

填空题Fred Smith 1 [■] At the turn of the century, the American economy shifted from its reliance on bulk manufacturing to a more service-based domain and lightweight high technology products. 2 [■] The period when manufactured goods were produced by semi-skilled workers in factories located not far from the raw materials that were transported by rail, truck, and canal was drawing to a close. 3 [■] Highly trained scientists and technicians were developing products based upon electronic devices rather than tons of brute steel. 4 [■] 1 [■] This new era allowed for the dispersal of manufacturing facilities and company headquarters. 2 [■] With this freedom of location came the problem of transferring information and goods to scattered places. 3 [■] Some items could be delivered electronically, but discs, paper, tapes and the like posed some serious logistical problems. 4 [■] Heralded as one of the great entrepreneurial figures of recent times, Fred Smith took astonishing risks to fulfill his vision and go against the United States Postal Service. For us, who live in a changing context of transportation and communication, his actions seem less precipitous and rash than to his contemporaries. But the Federal Express story should serve as a reminder that many of the best entrepreneurs are just as skilled at judging, controlling and minimizing risks as they are in taking them. With much of Smith"s family in the transportation industry, he used part of the profits from selling his inherited father"s restaurants to serve as venture capital. 1 [■] Though he did well in school, his interest focused on extra curricular activities, including starting a record label at age 15 that still exists today. 2 [■] At Yale, he enrolled with the Marine Corp Reserve Officers Training Program and the Flying Club. 3 [■] He focuses his thesis on discussing the need for moving high priority, time-sensitive material in a more efficient manner. 4 [■] Aware that few packages were sent directly to their destination by existing carriers, Smith proposed to have them shipped from one city to the next on different airlines to their final destination. Smith"s professor, citing problems with federal regulations and competition from larger airlines that would preclude any chance of such a firm being successful, gave the paper a C. After dropping out of college, Smith turned a faltering airplane engine repair business into a stable business. 1 [■] It was from there that he began his dream of sending packages overnight in the formation of Federal Express. 2 [■] By studying where the traffic of priority items was headed, Smith was able to construct a service that answered the complaints that many businesses had with existing services. 3 [■] He initiated a postal service, which guaranteed the secure delivery of any items within a minimum of 3 days. 4 [■] Smith contacted airline carriers and offered them a percentage of the fees he charged so that he may be able to ship his items on their planes via the fastest route possible. Today, the FedEx, as the company is termed, is synonymous with speedy delivery. It is one of the most lucrative and fastest growing businesses in the world. It boasts headquarters in virtually any location on the globe, while its employees are respected for their courtesy and efficiency and dealing with customers. Glossary electronic: implemented on a computer or computer network entrepreneur: a person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture extra-curricular: being outside the regular curriculum of a school or college carrier: one that transports or conveys

填空题QUESTION 1 For this task, you will write a response to a question about a reading passage and a lecture. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you write your response. Your response will be scored on the quality of your writing and on how well you connect the points in the lecture with points in the reading. Typically, an effective response will have 150 to 225 words. Research shows that some foods are endowed with super powers that provide protection against disease. By making these superpower foods part of your regular diet, you can stop the gradual changes in your body that lead to Alzheimer"s disease, cancer, and high cholesterol. Studies on blueberries show that they have a positive effect on brain function and motor movement in aging rats. Blueberries also appear to prevent mental decline in mice that are genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer"s disease. Blueberries are an excellent source of antioxidants, nutrients that neutralize the products of metabolism before they can harm brain cells. Researchers believe that blueberries protect the brain through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power. Just one cup of blueberries every day will reduce aging-related damage in your brain. Other superpower foods are tomatoes and tomato-based products, which are the major source of many carotenoids including lycopene. Research shows that lycopene, the red pigment in tomatoes, will lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Studies also show that the antioxidants in broccoli and cabbage will help prevent colon cancer. Perhaps the most powerful superpower food is garlic, which has numerous health benefits. Studies show that garlic is the natural enemy of high cholesterol and cancer. Eating foods with garlic or taking garlic supplements will reduce LDL blood cholesterol and promote healthy blood circulation. Garlic contains germanium, an anti-cancer agent. In one study, mice that were fed garlic showed no cancer development, whereas mice that were not fed garlic showed at least some cancer activity. Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage. QUESTION 2 For this task, you will write an essay in response to a question that asks you to state and support your opinion on a topic. Your essay will be scored on the quality of your writing, including how well you organize and develop your ideas and how well you use language to express your ideas. Typically, an effective essay will have a minimum of 300 words. Read the question below and make any notes that will help you plan your response. Then begin typing your essay. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should require all young adults to perform some kind of national service, such as military service or social work. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

填空题Marijuana Marijuana that comes from the hemp plant "cannabis sativa" has been used for a variety of purposes since ancient times. Actually, hemp is one of the world"s most important resources, and has many industrial applications, including as a textile, fuel, or construction product, as well as an ingredient in the furniture, cosmetics, energy and food industry. 1 [■] Most well-known are its uses to cure cancer patients and to provide relief for those who suffer from asthma. 2 [■] In the 19th Century, scientists began to investigate its properties, and in 1839 its use as an analgesic and anticonvulsing agent was recorded in medical journals. 3 [■] Marijuana was thought effective in treating a wide range of physical and mental ailments, but interest in its use as medicine waned in the 20th Century with the advent of more modern medicines. 4 [■] The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 rendered marijuana illegal, and in 1941 it was deleted from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, the official compendium of drugs. 1 [■] In addition the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970 classified marijuana as one of the most dangerous drugs and banned it from being legally cultivated in the United States. 2 [■] Drugs which have a high potential for abuse are classified as Schedule-1 drugs and cannot be used for medical purposes. 3 [■] Marijuana, heroin, opiates and hallucinogenics belong to this drug group. 4 [■] There is widespread debate in the United States today as to whether marijuana should be legalized or not. 1 [■] Supporters of legalization maintain that marijuana is effective as a pain reliever for certain conditions and is particularly helpful for those who suffer from glaucoma. 2 [■] Those in favor of legalization suggest that .just as we would not deny a sick person aspirin, we should not deny marijuana to those who need it. 3 [■] Marijuana supporters point to the association of alcohol with drunk driving, domestic abuse, and addiction. 4[■] They note that marijuana use does not produce any of these behaviors and for this reason it is hypocritical to outlaw marijuana, but not alcohol. While there is considerable support for legalization, the majority of the American public is opposed to the legalization of marijuana. 1 [■] One such effect would be loss of memory and motivation, as well as loss of motor control while driving under the influence of marijuana or performing other activities requiring concentration and coordination. 2 [■] Opponents of legalization also suggest that marijuana is a gateway drug. 3 [■] This is because marijuana users who look for a more intense high may move on to harder drugs such as cocaine and heroine. 4 [■] For now, marijuana is not legal in most parts of the globe. Yet a prolific underground marijuana culture is flourishing. In many ports and big cities, marijuana dealers openly sell their wares at street corners, and police forces have trouble reigning them in. Numerous marijuana growers have been busted in what seemed quiet neighborhoods. But the illicit profits from the production and selling of the grass outweigh the risks, and many criminals still traffic with marijuana. 1 [■] It is unlikely in the foreseeable future that marijuana will be fully legalized in the U.S. 2 [■] In 1996, voters in both California and Arizona agreed to a bill for marijuana to be legalized for such medical purposes. It means that doctors and patients will be protected from criminal prosecution when marijuana is prescribed for serious conditions. 3 [■] Other states, such as Alaska, have not legalized the drug, but have decriminalized it such that possession of small amounts is only a minor offense that does not carry a police record. 4[■] 1 [■] Thus, many foreign groups support its legalization both in the States and other areas of the world. 2 [■] Despite its usefulness for medical treatment and supports from many groups, however, the political and legal controversies surrounding its status as an illegal substance, as well as concerns about the drug"s potential harmful side effects have become obstacles to its legalization. 3 [■] Everyone has his own opinion on marijuana and its legalization, so it will continue to be discussed until an answer is given. 4 [■] Glossary cannabis sativa: a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared anticonvulsant: drug that prevents or relieves convulsions hallucinogenics: a substance that induces hallucination glaucoma: a disease of the eye marked by increased pressure within the eyeball that can result in damage to the optic disk and gradual loss of vision decriminalize: to reduce or abolish criminal penalties

填空题Lookatthefoursquares,,,,and,whichindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?CoursesincludedFarEastern,Spanish,andNativeAmericandancesaswellasbasicballet.AmongthemoderndanceinnovatorsoftheearlytwentiethcenturywasRuthSt.Denis,whosedanceswerelushandgraceful,tingedwithexoticismandmysticism.St.Deniswasparticularlyexpertinthemanipulationofdraperiesandveilssothatthemovingfabricsseemedlikemagicalextensionsofherownbody.St.Denis's1914marriagetodancer-choreographerTedShawnresultedinaweddingofnames,Denishawn,whichfirstbecameaschoolandthenadancecompany.Denishawndrewitsinspirationandderiveditscurriculumfromavarietyofethnicsources.ThetouringDenishawncompanymightofferonasingleprogramaHindudance,arhythmicinterpretationofconcertmusic,aromanticduet,ahula,andademonstrationofthelatestballroomcraze.

填空题EnergyfromNaturalGas1.Muchoftheworldgetsitsenergyfromfossilfuelsources,includingcoal,oil,andnaturalgas,allofwhichwerecreatedmillionsofyearsago.Theprocessbeganwithdeadplantandanimalmatterthatcollectedandovertimewasburieddeepwithintheearth.There,exposedtoextremepressureandtemperatures,thecarbon-basedmaterialunderwentvariouschemicalandphysicalchanges.Someofitbecamecoal,someoil,andsomenaturalgas,dependingontheexactconditionsitwassubjectedto.2.Naturalgasisbothinvisibleandodorless.Duringthefirstcenturyofthefossilfuelera,itwasdisregardedasaworthlessbyproductofcoalandoil.However,peoplelaterdiscoveredthatitcouldalsobeausefulsourceofenergy,andtheysetabouttryingto{{U}}realizeitspotential.{{/U}}Itsusebegantogrowinthetwentiethcenturyandhasincreasedrapidlywithinthelast40years.Nowadays,naturalgasisemployedallovertheworldtoheathomes,generateelectricity,powerfactories,andevenfuelvehicles.3.Becauseitwascreatedthroughthesameprocessasotherfossilfuels,naturalgascanoftenberetrievedfromoilfields,somethingknownasanassociatedsource.Coalbedshavesimilarlybeenknowntoyieldnaturalgas.Inaddition,thereareisolateddepositscontainingonlygasthatarereferredtoasnon-associatedsources.Toaccessasubterraneannaturalgaspocket,aholeisdrilleddownintoit,justasinoilextraction.However,duetothegas'slightness,itwillrisetothesurfaceonitsowninsteadofhavingtobepumpedout.4.Thecompoundweknowasnaturalgasisactuallya{{U}}composite{{/U}}ofseveraldifferentsubstances,theprimaryonebeingmethanegas.Eachdeposithasauniquemakeup,butothercommoncomponentsofnaturalgasincludepropane,butane,andsulfur.Borrowingtermsusedinthedescriptionofoil,naturalgaswithahighsulfurcontentiscalled"sour"whilethatwithalowcontentisreferredtoas"sweet"Regardlessoftheexactcomposition,naturalgasmustberefinedtoremoveitsimpurities;whenreadyforuse,itisnearlypuremethane.5.Naturalgasoffersmanyadvantagesasafuelsource,thefirstandmostimportantbeingthatitisextremelycleanburning.Whileoilandcoalbothhavecomplexmolecularstructures,methane'sissimple:onecarbonatomsurroundedbyfouratomsofhydrogen.Thelackofexcessparticlestranslatesintofewerwastebyproductsduringcombustion.Forexample,allfossilfuelsproducecarbondioxidewhenburned,butnaturalgasreleasessubstantiallylesscarbondioxidethanotherfuels.Giventhemajorroleofcarbondioxideintheaccelerationofglobalwarming,{{U}}this{{/U}}isanimportantattribute.Inaddition,naturalgasemitsfarlessnitrogenandsulfur,whicharekeycontributorstothesmogthatpollutestheairinmetropolitanareas,aswellasacidrain.6.Thebenefitsofnaturalgasextendfarbeyonditscleanliness.Sinceitcontainsfewerwasteparticles,itsenergycanbeacquiredwithmuchmoreefficiencythanthatoftheotherfossilfuels,meaningaloweroverallcostfortheconsumer.Anotheradvantageisthatnaturalgasistransportedviaundergroundpipelinesinsteadofbyshipsandtrucks.Finally,naturalgasisrelativelyplentifulandwidespread.GeologistshaveidentifiedextensivestoresinCanada,theUnitedStates,Russia,theMiddleEast,andAustralia,amongotherlocations.Withtheworld'soilsuppliesquicklydwindling,itisbecomingmoreimportantthanevertoutilizealternativeenergyresourcessuchasnaturalgas.7.Ofcourse,noenergyresourceisperfect,andtherearesomedrawbackstotheuseofnaturalgas.Itslowdensitymeansthatitrequireslargertanksforstoragethanoilandcoaldo,anditisimpossibletopipeitacrosstheoceans.Somepeoplehaveconcernsaboutitssafetyaswell,sinceitslackofcolorandsmellcanmakedetectingaleakdifficult.However,whenbothitspositiveandnegativecharacteristicsareweighed,itbecomesclearthatnaturalgasisperhapsthebestenergyresourceavailabletoday.