Some people think most crimes are the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Others believe that most crimes are caused by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2014-11-08)
What THREE details should job applicants know in the interview?A working hoursB promotion prospectC salary rangeD pension contribution bonusE trainingF holidaysG location
What is the desired outcome to each of the following course of action?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F, next to questions 26-30.Desired outcomesA practical experienceB publish the workC join Machine Engineer SocietyD give suggestionsE stay up to dateF make important contacts
Michael Krauss has frequently pointed out that
Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO recent developments in roof-garden building are mentioned?A waterproof barrier materialsB drainage systemsC tank designsD lightweight construction materialsE watering systems
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:In many parts of the world there is continuous coverage of sport on television.Some people believe this discourages the young from taking part in any sport themselves.Discuss this view and give your own opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.
Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.CUSTOMER'S INFORMATION DETAILSName: 【L5】______Address: 【L6】______Postcode: 【L7】______Card's Expire Date: 【L8】______Method of Compensation: 【L9】______Shopping Frequency: 【L10】______
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Walking with dinosaursPeter L Falkingham and his colleagues at Manchester University are developing techniques which look set to revolutionise our understanding of how dinosaurs and other extinct animals behaved.The media image of palaeontologists who study prehistoric life is often of field workers camped in the desert in the hot sun, carefully picking away at the rock surrounding a large dinosaur bone. But Peter Falkingham has done little of that for a while now. Instead, he devotes himself to his computer. Not because he has become inundated with paperwork, but because he is a new kind of palaeontologist: a computational palaeontologist.What few people may consider is that uncovering a skeleton, or discovering a new species, is where the research begins, not where it ends. What we really want to understand is how the extinct animals and plants behaved in their natural habitats. Drs Bill Sellers and Phil Manning from the University of Manchester use a'genetic algorithm'-a kind of computer code that can change itself and 'evolve' - to explore how extinct animals like dinosaurs, and our own early ancestors, walked and stalked.The fossilised bones of a complete dinosaur skeleton can tell scientists a lot about the animal, but they do not make up the complete picture and the computer can try to fill the gap.The computer model is given a digitised skeleton, and the locations of known muscles.The model then randomly activates the muscles.This, perhaps unsurprisingly, results almost without fail in the animal falling on its face. So the computer alters the activation pattern and tries again... usually to similar effect.The modelled 'dinosaurs' quickly 'evolve'. If there is any improvement, the computer discards the old pattern and adopts the new one as the base for alteration. Eventually, the muscle activation pattern evolves a stable way of moving, the best possible solution is reached, and the dinosaur can walk, run, chase or graze. Assuming natural selection evolves the best possible solution too, the modelled animal should be moving in a manner similar to its now-extinct counterpart. And indeed, using the same method for living animals(humans, emu and ostriches)similar top speeds were achieved on the computer as in reality. By comparing their cyberspace results with real measurements of living species, the Manchester team of palaeontologists can be confident in the results computed showing how extinct prehistoric animals such as dinosaurs moved.The Manchester University team have used the computer simulations to produce a model of a giant meat-eating dinosaur. It is called an acrocanthosaurus which literally means'high spined lizard'because of the spines which run along its backbone. It is not really known why they are there but scientists have speculated they could have supported a hump that stored fat and water reserves.There are also those who believe that the spines acted as a support for a sail. Of these, one half think it was used as a display and could be flushed with blood and the other half think it was used as a temperature-regulating device. It may have been a mixture of the two.The skull seems out of proportion with its thick, heavy body because it is so narrow and the jaws are delicate and fine. The feet are also worthy of note as they look surprisingly small in contrast to the animal as a whole. It has a deep broad tail and powerful leg muscles to aid locomotion. It walked on its back legs and its front legs were much shorter with powerful claws.Falkingham himself is investigating fossilised tracks, or footprints, using computer simulations to help analyse how extinct animals moved. Modern-day trackers who study the habitats of wild animals can tell you what animal made a track, whether that animal was walking or running, sometimes even the sex of the animal. But a fossil track poses a more considerable challenge to interpret in the same way. A crucial consideration is knowing what the environment including the mud, or sediment, upon which the animal walked was like millions of years ago when the track was made. Experiments can answer these questions but the number of variables is staggering.To physically recreate each scenario with a box of mud is extremely time-consuming and difficult to repeat accurately.This is where computer simulation comes in.Falkingham uses computational techniques to model a volume of mud and control the moisture content, consistency, and other conditions to simulate the mud of prehistoric times. A footprint is then made in the digital mud by a virtual foot. This footprint can be chopped up and viewed from any angle and stress values can be extracted and calculated from inside it. By running hundreds of these simulations simultaneously on supercomputers, Falkingham can start to understand what types of footprint would be expected if an animal moved in a certain way over a given kind of ground. Looking at the variation in the virtual tracks, researchers can make sense of fossil tracks with greater confidence.The application of computational techniques in palaeontology is becoming more prevalent every year. As computer power continues to increase, the range of problems that can be tackled and questions that can be answered will only expand.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Registration FormExample AnswerType of crime reported: robberyName: Anna【L1】______Date of Birth:【L2】______Address:【L3】4______St.Post code:【L4】______Nationality: GrenadianNumber of previous burglaries:【L5】______Time of apartment tenancy:【L6】______Number of occupants:【L7】______Entry point of burglar:【L8】______Details of lost property:Serial number of lost computer:【L9】______Material of stolen purse:【L10】______
According to the writer, what view about video games does Susan Greenfield put forward in her new book?
Many people believe that the main aim of university education is to help graduates find better jobs, while some people believe that a university education has wider benefits for individuals and society as a whole. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Completetheflow-chartbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.ThepiechartsbelowshowreasonswhypeoplelefttheUKforothercountriesandwhypeoplestayedintheUK.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.
Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD for each answer. Pottery notesEarthenwareadvantages:- potters used【L36】______clay- saved money on【L37】______disadvantages:- needed two firings in the kiln to be【L38】______- fragility led to high【L39】______during manufacturingStoneware- more expensive but better- made from a【L40】______of clay and flint
Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones has had a negative effect on young people's reading and writing skills. Do you agree or disagree? (2015-03-28)
Cycling holiday in AustriaExample AnswerMost suitable holiday lasts __10__days.Holiday begins on【L1】______No more than【L2】______people in cycling group.Each day, group cycles【L3】______on average.Some of the hotels have a【L4】______Holiday costs【L5】￡______per person without flights.All food included except【L6】______Essential to bring a【L7】______Discount possible on equipment at www.【L8】______comPossible that the【L9】______may change.Guided tour of a【L10】______is arranged.
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
In some countries there are women taking positions in male-dominated occupations such as police officers and soldiers. Some people believe that women are not suited to such work. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.A before they are born.B before they learn from experience.C when they had seen the same thing for a while.D when facing the possible and impossible events.E when the previous things appear again in the lives.
Schooling is no longer necessary, since more and more information is accessible on the Internet, and students can study just as well at home. To what extent do you agree or disagree?