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填空题Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in reading Passage 3? In boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the views of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

填空题Questions 31-36 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. Charles Willson Peale 1741—Born in Maryland, USA Became a saddler Began to paint 1766—London to study with B. West Slide Painting Date Notes 1 Pitt as a Roman Senator 　(31)　 elaborate, symbolical portrait of British parliamentarian 2 George Washington 1772 3　(32)　of many Washington portraits 3 The Peale Family 1773 family portrait—shows exuberance & 　(33)　 4 The 　(34)　 1795 'trompe l'oeil' [= 'fool the eye' ]style—double portrait of sons—Raphaelle & Titian 5 Rachel Weeping 1772 wife and dead 　(35)　—macabre 　(36)　 brother James—in darkness but face illuminated

填空题The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.

填空题The lecturer says that children take more interest in learning if ______ do.

填空题The article provides no support for the suggestion that turmeric can help to deal with ______ , though this is being investigated.

填空题Questions 17-21 Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct/etter, A-l, in boxes 17-21 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any/etter more than once.

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Designed to Last: Could Better Design Cure Our Throwaway Culture?Jonathan Chapman, a senior lecturer at the University of Brighton, UK, is one of a new breed of 'sustainable designers'. Like many of us, they are concerned about the huge waste associated with Western consumer culture and the damage this does to the environment. Some, like Chapman, aim to create objects we will want to keep rather than discard. Others are working to create more efficient or durable consumer goods, or goods designed with recycling in mind. The waste entailed in our fleeting relationships with consumer durables is colossal.Domestic power tools, such as electric drills, are a typical example of such waste. However much DIY the purchaser plans to do, the truth is that these things are thrown away having been used, on average, for just ten minutes. Most will serve 'conscience time', gathering dust on a shelf in the garage; people are reluctant to admit that they have wasted their money. However, the end is inevitable: thousands of years in landfill waste sites. In its design, manufacture, packaging, transportation and disposal, a power tool consumes many times its own weight of resources, all for a shorter active lifespan than that of the average small insect.To understand why we have become so wasteful, we should look to the underlying motivation of consumers. "People own things to give expression to who they are, and to show what group of people they feel they belong to," Chapman says. In a world of mass production, however, that symbolism has lost much of its potency. For most of human history, people had an intimate relationship with objects they used or treasured. Often they made the objects themselves, or family members passed them on. For more specialised objects, people relied on expert manufacturers living close by, whom they probably knew personally. Chapman points out that all these factors gave objects a history — a narrative — and an emotional connection that today's mass-produced goods cannot possibly match. Without these personal connections, consum-erist culture idolizes novelty instead. People know that they cannot buy happiness, but the chance to remake themselves with glossy, box-fresh products seems irresistible. When the novelty fades, they simply renew the excitement by buying more.Chapman's solution is what he calls 'emotionally durable design'. He says the challenge for designers is to create things we want to keep. This may sound like a tall order, but it can be surprisingly straightforward. A favorite pair of old jeans, for example, just do not have the right feel until they have been worn and washed a hundred times. It is as if they are sharing the wearer's life story. The look can be faked, but it is simply not the same. Walter Stahel, visiting professor at the University of Surrey, UK, calls this 'the teddy bear factor'. No matter how ragged and worn a favorite teddy becomes, we don't rush out and buy another one. As adults, our teddy bear connects us to our childhood and this protects it from obsolescence. Stahel argues that this is what sustainable design needs to do with more products.The information age was supposed to lighten our economies and reduce our impact on the environment, but, in fact, the reverse seems to be happening. We have simply added information technology to the industrial era and speeded up the developed world's metabolism. The cure is hardly rocket science: minimise waste, stop moving things around so much and use people more. So what will post-throwaway consumerism look like? It might be as simple as installing energy-saving light bulbs, more efficient washing machines or choosing locally produced groceries with less packaging. In general, we will spend less on goods and more on services. Instead of buying a second car, for example, we might buy into a car-sharing network. Rather than following our current wasteful practices, we will buy less and rent a lot more; why own things such as tools that you use infrequently, especially things are likely to be updated all the time?Consumer durables will increasingly be sold with plans for their disposal. Electronic goods such as mobile phones will be designed to be recyclable, with the extra cost added into the retail price. Following Chapman's notion of emotionally durable design, there will be a move away from mass production and towards tailor-made articles and products designed and manufactured with greater craftsmanship, products which will be repaired rather than replaced, in the same way as was done in our grandparents' time. Companies will replace profit from bulk sales by servicing and repairing products chosen because we want them to last.Chapman acknowledges that it wilt be a challenge to persuade people to buy fewer goods, and ones that they intend to keep. At the moment, price competition between retailers makes it cheaper for consumers to replace rather than repair.Products designed to be durable and emotionally satisfying are likely to be more expensive, so how will we be persuaded to choose sustainability? Tim Cooper, from Sheffield Hallam University in the UK, points out that many people are already happy to pay a premium for quality, and that they also tend to value and care more for expensive goods. Chapman is also positive: "People are ready to keep things for longer," he says, "The problem is that a lot of industries don't know how to do that." Chapman believes that sustainable design is here to stay. "The days when large corporations were in a position to choose whether to jump on the sustainability bandwagon or not are coming to an end," he says. Whether this is also the beginning of the end of the throwaway society remains to be seen.Questions 27-31Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

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填空题 Questions 26-30 Decide which method is being described in each case and write the appropriate letter on your answer sheet. A. Categorising Grid B. Defining Features Matrix C. Pro and Con Grid D. Content, Form and Function Outlines E. Analytic Memos F. Problem Recognition Tasks G. What"s the Principle? H. Documented Problem Solutions I. Audio- and Videotaped Protocols

填空题Labelthemapbelow.Writethecorrectletter,A-E,nexttoquestions11-15.

填空题 Questions 25-27 Choose the correct letter from A-C for each answer.

填空题Job descriptions eliminate role ambiguity for managers.

填空题Which Voting System is Better? Voting is often portrayed as a very simple activity—all that is required being a list of names, boxes and a pen with which to tick the preferred option—but it is actually an intricate process that can take many different forms on which everyone from mathematicians to political scholars, interest groups, politicians and voters often have divergent opinions. Two of the most popular of these voting systems are known as First-Past-the-Post (FPP) and Mixed-Member Proportional (MMP), and they have quite different features. FPP is one of the simplest voting systems. Voters select one person from a list of candidates in their electorate, and the candidate with the highest number of votes is elected to represent them. While this might sound simple and fair, it can have several undesirable effects. Firstly, because of the "all or nothing" result, FPP produces a large number of wasted votes—votes which do not affect the outcome of the election. This is the case in the majority of electorates, which are safe or relatively safe. Consequently, the party that gains the highest number of seats in Parliament may not actually gain the most votes—in the 2005 UK elections, for example, the Labour party governed alone with only 35 percent of the vote. Because of the pressure on voters not to "waste" their vote, FPP tends to foster tactical voting for a rival but less popular candidate, thus sidelining minority voices and third party candidacies in favour of a race between two, often similar, contestants. MMP attempts to create a parliament that represents a national consensus, rather than combining the results from dozens of local "mini-elections". Voters select their electorate candidate, as in FPP, but they also select a party, which will gain seats in Parliament proportionate to the party vote. This opens the door for representation amongst parties that may have broad support nationally, but not enough support in any single geographical area to win an electorate seat. While Parliament as a whole may be more representative, however, the ability to affect change within parliament can often accrue to a centrist, smaller party that has the ability to essentially choose the government, by selecting between the major parties as coalition partners. This phenomenon is known as the "tail wagging the dog". Finally, the party vote tends to bring in Members of Parliament (MPs) in an order that is chosen, not by the electorate, but by the party itself. This is one of MMP"s undemocratic moves that favours party establishment and hierarchy over the will of the public. New Zealand"s transition from FPP to MMP demonstrates the benefits and drawbacks of each system. In the 1970s, many New Zealanders grew disillusioned with the two-party system. FPP did not provide voters with another viable option; however, the leading third party received a considerable 16 percent of the vote in 1978 but gained only one of the 92 seats in parliament—three years later their vote share was up to 21 percent, but they gained only two seats. A Royal Commission subsequently recommended a shift to MMP, and in 1993 a state-wide referendum was held that passed in favour of the reform. The 1996 elections wore away much public enthusiasm for MMP, however. The result was indecisive, and with neither major party able to govern alone, the power to form a coalition rested upon a third party, New Zealand First. Instead of forming a coalition with Labour—a party that many voters considered to be its natural ally—the New Zealand First party sided with the National party. This was followed by a subsequent rise in party-hopping—Members of Parliament (MPs) leaving the parties from which they were elected. Eventually, the coalition disbanded with Prime Minister Jenny Shipley sacking New Zealand First leader, Winston Peters, from Cabinet. Nevertheless, after these initial teething problems, New Zealand voters and politicians have grown accustomed to MMP and learnt to focus on its possibilities rather than its hindrances. One of the most notable benefits is that Parliament has become far more representative of the diversity in modern New Zealand society. MMP introduced a number of MPs who had previously been marginalised from mainstream politics: women, people from diverse ethnic backgrounds, and community activists. Relationships between major and minor parties have also grown more stable, and in many ways minor parties now function as auditors keeping a check on the major parties. MMP is not without its flaws, but the transition has generally been a positive experience.

填空题Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO sources of funding helped build the facility? A. the central government B. local government C. a multinational company D. a national company E. city residents Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO pre-existing features of the site are now part of the new facilities? A. football stadium B. playing fields C. passenger hall D. control tower E. aircraft hangars

填空题In 1961, people ate ______ at 5 or 6 o'clock.

填空题Planning regulations have been ineffective against big supermarkets.