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填空题Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, belowWrite the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.A cure for our wasteful habitsThe writer believes that the recipe for reducing our impact on the environment is a simple one. He states that we should use less energy for things such as lighting or【A1】______, and buy【A2】______that will not need to be moved across long distances.Some expensive items such as【A3】______could be shared, and others which may be less expensive but which are not needed often, such as【A4】______, could be rented instead of being purchased. He believes that manufacturers will need to design high-technology items such as【A5】______so that they can be recycled more easily.A mobile phones B clothing C toolsD laundry E computers F foodG heating H cars I teddy bears

填空题For religious people, the student union has a register of ______.

填空题COMPUTER SECURITY It is believed that the problem of computer security has changed over a period of time as businesses, through an increased use of information technology (IT), have become more and more dependent on information and the associated information systems (IS). However, at the same time, there has been limited change in the implemented security or safeguards to these information systems. In fact many executives or managers fail to even identify the relevant requirement for security or policies. A. The Internet has been roughly doubling in size every year, and the associated security incidents have been running in parity. Even if the percentage of malicious users is small, the increase in size of the Internet and in the number of incidents of failed security is significant. The importance of the growth in the Internet can be highlighted by the fact that in July 1991, 33% of Internet users were from the commercial sector, whereas in July 1996, this figure had risen to 50%. B. In 1988, the Morris "worm" was introduced on the Internet to invade, attack and replicate itself on the network. The response was to shut down E-mail and connectivity. However, the "fixes" were to be distributed via E-mail and so the solution was self-defeating. As a result of this worm virus, CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) was formed, with the Australian version (AUSCERT) starting in 1992. C. One of the problems with Internet security is the fact that the incidents are increasing in sophistication. One of the reasons for this has been the increasing availability of toolkits. Although these toolkits are designed to assist computer systems designers to protect and develop their sites, they also allow relatively ignorant intruders to carry out increasingly complex incidents with the utilisation of many routers and disguises to reach their "target". According to a US Department of Defence report, less than 1% of incidents are identified but 65% of these are successful. Another thing to bear in mind with intruders and hackers is that they do not respect geographical or administrative boundaries, or time zones. They may be geographically dislocated from the point of attack and therefore operating in "off-duty" hours. D. The thing to remember with security is that the system administrators must get it fight all the time; the intruder must get it right just once. Evidence of this is easy to find. In 1997, a teenager hacked into a Bell Atlantic network. His hacking crashed the computer and resulted in 600 homes, a regional airport and emergency services being without telephone communications for six hours. And what was the punishment for this offence? Two years of probation, community service and a fine of US$5,000. E. Governments are getting tough on cyber crimes, especially in the wake of September 11th. These crimes are being linked to national security, which in the US is now of major concern to government officials and the general public alike. And the government has been swift to act. In late 2001, the US Patriot Act was introduced. This Act increased the maximum sentence for breaking into a computer from five to ten years. Then in July 2002, the House of Representatives approved the Cyber Security Enhancement Act. Now if a cyber crime results in the death of an individual, the offender could face a life sentence. There has been additional fall-out from the September 11th attacks with the FBI and other government security agencies dramatically escalating their monitoring of the Internet. This has pushed some hackers further underground, fearful that what they had previously been doing out of boredom or challenge could now be viewed as an act of terrorism. F. On the other hand, the events of September 11th have led to some ex-hackers using their extensive knowledge and experience to join forces with security forces to aid the fight against terrorism. G. However, even with the increased threats of punishment, computer viruses and incidents of hacking continue to be widespread. Long-time security measures which have been utilised by companies and individuals are not fail-safe. One of the more prevalent IS security measures is the use of firewalls, which "filter" the data entering/leaving the corporate IS. It is true that these firewalls have a number of advantages, nevertheless, they should not be seen as a panacea to all IS security woes, merely an enhancement. They can provide a false sense of security and have limited protection from internal attackers. In short, the corporate world needs to realise that computer security will be an on-going problem and expense. Questions 1-3 Complete the table below with information found in the text. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your Answer Sheet. Date Event 1996 commercial sector constituted {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}of Internet usage {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}} Computer Emergency Response Team formed Post-September 11th 2001 FBI increased {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}

填空题You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading, Passage 1 below. The 9 Billion-People Question The world's population will grow from almost 7 billion now to over 9 billion in 2050. John Parker asks if there will be enough food to go round. A THE 1.6-hectare (4-acre) Broadbalk field lies in the centre of Rothamsted farm, about 40km (25 miles) north of London. In 1847 the farm's founder, Sir John Lawes, described its soil as a heavy loam resting on chalk and capable of producing good wheat when well manured. The 2010 harvest did not seem to vindicate his judgment. In the centre of the field the wheat is abundant, yielding 10 tonnes a hectare, one of the highest rates in the world for a commercial crop. But at the western end, near the manor house, it produces only 4 or 5 tonnes a hectare; other, spindlier, plants yield just 1 or 2 tonnes. B Broadbalk is no ordinary field. The first experimental crop of winter wheat was sown there in the autumn of 1843, and for the past 166 years the field, part of the Rothamsted Research station, has been the site of the longest-running continuous agricultural experiment in the world. Now different parts of the field are sown using different practices, making Broadbalk a microcosm of the state of world farming. C The wheat yielding a tonne a hectare is like an African field, and for the same reason: this crop has had no fertiliser, pesticide or anything else applied to it. African farmers are sometimes thought to be somehow responsible for their low yields, but the blame lies with the technology at their disposal. Given the same technology, European and American farmers get the same results. The wheat bearing 4 or 5 tonnes a hectare is, roughly, like that of the Green Revolution, the transformation of agriculture that swept the world in the 1970s. It has been treated with herbicides and some fertilisers, but not up to the standard of the most recent agronomic practices, nor is it the highest-yielding semi-dwarf wheat variety. This is the crop of the Indian subcontinent and of Argentina. The extraordinary results in the centre of the field are achieved by using the best plants, fertilisers, fungicides and husbandry. The yield is higher than the national average in Britain, and is as good as it gets. D But the Broadbalk field shows something else. A research paper recently published tracks its yields from the start, showing how the three different kinds of wheat farming—African, Green Revolution and modern—have diverged, sometimes quite suddenly: in the 1960s with the introduction of new herbicides for Green Revolution wheat, and in the 1980s with new fungicides and semi-dwarf varieties. Worryingly, though, in the past 15 years the yields of the most productive varieties of wheat in Broadbalk have begun to level out or even fall. The fear is that Broadbalk may prove a microcosm in this respect, too. E At the start of 2011 the food industry is in crisis. World food prices have risen above the peak they reached in early 2008. That was a time when hundreds of millions of people fell into poverty, food riots were shaking governments in dozens of developing countries, exporters were banning grain sales abroad and 'land grabs' carried out by rich grain- importing nations in poor agricultural ones were raising awkward questions about how best to help the poor. This time, too, there have been export bans, food riots, panic buying and emergency price controls, just as in 2007-2008. Fears that drought might ruin the current wheat crop in China, the world's largest, are sending shock waves through world markets. Discontent over rising bread prices has played a part in the popular uprisings throughout the Middle East. There are differences between the periods, but the fact that agriculture has experienced two big price spikes in four years suggests that something serious is rattling the world's food chain. F The food industry has been attracting extra attention of other kinds. For years some of the most popular television programmes in English-speaking countries have been cooking shows. That may point to a healthy interest in food, but then again it may not. The historian Livy thought the Roman Empire started to decay when cooks acquired celebrity status. G At a meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) industrial countries in 2009 the assembled leaders put food alongside the global financial crisis on their list of top priorities, promising to find $20 billion for agriculture over three years. This year the current president of the Group of 20 (G20), France's Nicolas Sarkozy, wants to make food the top priority. The Gates Foundation, the world's richest charity, which had previously focused on health and development generally, started to concentrate more on feeding the world. At last month's World Economic Forum, a gathering of businesspeople and policymakers in Davos, 17 global companies launched what they described as 'a new vision for agriculture', promising to do more to promote markets for smallholders—a sign of rising alarm in the private sector. {{B}}—Economist{{/B}}

填空题Chaddha has so far funded the GSBF lamp project himself.

填空题Complete the sentences below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your Answer Sheet.

填空题NB Your answers may be given in any order. Below are listed some popular beliefs about genius and giftedness. Which FIVE of these beliefs are reported by the writer of the text? A Truly gifted people are talented in all areas. B The talents of geniuses are soon exhausted. C Gifted people should use their gifts. D A genius appears once in every generation. E Genius can be easily destroyed by discouragement. F Genius is inherited. G Gifted people are very hard to live with. H People never appreciate true genius. I Geniuses are natural leaders. J Gifted people develop their greatness through difficulties. K Genius will always reveal itself.

填空题"Green" power consumers only get part of their electricity from alternative energy sources.

填空题Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题______ make more interesting subjects for stories.

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填空题London and New York are the biggest cocoa trading centres.

填空题Listen to the conversation and fill out the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each blank.

填空题Listen to the statement and complete the blanks below. Use up to three words.

填空题Listen to the conversation and fill out the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each blank.

填空题Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? {{B}}TRUE{{/B}} if the information in the text agrees with the statement {{B}}FALSE{{/B}} if the information in the text contradicts the statement {{B}}NOT GIVEN{{/B}} if there is no information on this

填空题Reading Passage 2 has six sections, A-F. Choose the correct headings for sections A-F from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i. Construction of special cinemas for 3-D ii. Good returns forecast for immediate future iii. The greatest 3-D film of all time iv. End of traditional movies for children v. Early developments vi. New technology diminishes the art vii. The golden age of movies viii. In defence of 3-D ix. 3-D is here to stay x. Undesirable visual effects Three dimensional films A. In the theatre of the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, on the evening of 27 September 1922, a new form of film-making made its commercial debut: 3-D 1 . The film, The Power of Love , was then shown in New York City to exhibitors and press, but was subsequently not picked up for distribution and is now believed to be lost. The following three decades were a period of quiet experimentation for 3-D pioneers, as they adapted to new technologies and steadily improved the viewing experience. In 1952 the "golden era" of 3-D is considered to have begun with the release of Bwana Devil , and over the next several years audiences met with a string of films that used the technology. Over the following decades it waxed and waned within film-making circles, peaking in the 1970s and again in the 1990s when IMAX gained traction, but it is only in the last few years that 3-D appears to have firmly entered mainstream production. B. Released worldwide in December 2009, the fantasy film Avatar quickly became the highest-grossing film ever made, knocking Titanic from the top slot. Avatar , set in 2154 on a planet in a distant solar system, went on to become the only film to have earned US$2 billion world-wide, and is now approaching the $3 billion mark. The main reason for its runaway popularity appears to be its visual splendour; though most critics praised the film, it was mostly on account of its ground-breaking special effects. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times praised Avatar"s "powerful" visual accomplishments, but suggested the dialogue was "flat" and the characterisations "obvious". A film analyst at Exhibitor Relations has agreed, noting that Avatar has cemented the use of 3-D as a production and promotional tool for blockbuster films, rather than as a mere niche or novelty experiment. "This is why all these 3-D venues were built", he said. "This is the one. The behemoth... The holy grail of 3-D has finally arrived". C. Those who embrace 3-D note that it spices up a trip to the cinema by adding a more active "embodied" layer of experience instead of the viewer passively receiving the film through eyes and ears only. A blogger on Animation Ideas writes, "...when 3-D is clone well—like in the flying scenes in Up , How to Train Your Dragon and Avatar , there is an added feeling of vertigo. If you have any fear of heights, the 3-D really adds to this element..." Kevin Carr argues that the backlash against 3-D is similar to that which occurred against CGI 2 several years ago, and points out that CGI is now widely regarded as part of the film-maker"s artistic toolkit. He also notes that new technology is frequently seen to be a "gimmick" in its early days, pointing out that many commentators slapped the first "talkie" films of the early 1920s with this same label. D. But not everyone greets the rise of 3-D with open arms. Some ophthalmologists point out that 3-D can have unsettling physical effects for many viewers. Dr. Michael Rosenberg, a professor at Northwestern University, has pointed out that many people go through life with minor eye disturbances—a slight muscular imbalance, for example—that does not interrupt day-to-day activities. In the experience of a 3-D movie, however, this problem can be exacerbated through the viewer trying to concentrate on unusual visual phenomena. Dr. Deborah Friedman, from the University of Rochester Medical Center, notes that the perception of depth conjured through three dimensions does not complement the angles from which we take in the world. Eyestrains, headaches and nausea are therefore a problem for around 15% of a 3-D film audience. E. Film critic Roger Ebert warns that 3-D is detrimental to good film-making. Firstly, he argues, the technology is simply unnecessary; 2-D movies are "already" 3-D, as far as our minds are concerned. Adding the extra dimension with technology, instead of letting our minds do the work, can actually be counter-purposeful and make the over-all effect seem clumsy and contrived. Ebert also points out that the special glasses dim the effect by soaking up light from the screen, making 3-D films a slightly duller experience than they might otherwise be. Finally, Ebert suggests that 3-D encourages film-makers to undercut drama and narrative in favour of simply piling on more gimmicks and special effects. "Hollywood is racing headlong toward the kiddie market," he says, pointing to Disney"s announcement that it will no longer make traditional films in favour of animation, franchises, and superheroes. F. Whether or not 3-D becomes a powerful force for the film-maker"s vision and the film-going experience, or goes down in history as an over-hyped, expensive novelty, the technology certainly shows no signs of fading in the popularity stakes at the moment. Clash of the Titans , Alice in Wonderland and How to Train Your Dragon have all recently benefited at the box office due to the added sales that 3-D provides, and with Avatar"s record set to last some time as a totem of 3-D"s commercial possibilities, studios are not prepared to back down. 注：1. Three Dimensional 2. Computer Generated Imagery

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填空题In the car, there is a ______ and a torch.