填空题{{B}}SECTION 2 Question 11-20{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 11-13{{/B}}Complete the following sentences using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS{{/B}} for each gap.

填空题Listen to the statement and fill out the table below. Write TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each blank.

填空题Shopping is not something that is not as ______ as it was in 1961.

填空题What is the main opinion of each of the following people?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 21-25.OpinionsA lighting restrictionsB alternative lightingC reduce the number of insectsD decline in the number of speciesE climate changesF impacts on the growth of animalsG impacts on water quality

填空题Choose THREE letters, A-G.Which THREE topics are they interested in studying in the future?A quality of life of touristsB wildlife park animalsC migration birdsD animals living in rural areasE animals living in tropical climateF the impacts of different environment on animalsG pandas in the zoo

填空题What kind of environment must the mangrove trees tolerate?________

填空题 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. {{B}}Walking with dinosaurs{{/B}} Peter L. Falkingham and his colleagues at Manchester University are developing techniques which look set to revolutionise our understanding of how dinosaurs and other extinct animals behaved. The media image of palaeontologists who study prehistoric life is often of field workers camped in the desert in the hot sun, carefully picking away at the rock surrounding a large dinosaur bone. But Peter Falkingham has done little of that for a while now. Instead, he devotes himself to his computer. Not because he has become inundated with paperwork, but because he is a new kind of palaeontologist: a computational palaeontologist. What few people may consider is that uncovering a skeleton, or discovering a new species, is where the research begins, not where it ends. What we really want to understand is how the extinct animals and plants behaved in their natural habitats. Drs Bill Sellers and Phil Manning from the University of Manchester use a'genetic algorithm'- a kind of computer code that can change itself and ‘evolve'- to explore how extinct animals like dinosaurs, and our own early ancestors, walked and stalked. The fossilised bones of a complete dinosaur skeleton can tell scientists a lot about the animal, but they do not make up the complete picture and the computer can try to fill the gap. The computer model is given a digitised skeleton, and the locations of known muscles. The model then randomly activates the muscles. This, perhaps unsurprisingly, results almost without fail in the animal falling on its face. So the computer alters the activation pattern and tries again … usually to similar effect. The modelled 'dinosaurs' quickly 'evolve'. If there is any improvement, the computer discards the old pattern and adopts the new one as the base for alteration. Eventually, the muscle activation pattern evolves a stable way of moving, the best possible solution is reached, and the dinosaur can walk, run, chase or graze. Assuming natural selection evolves the best possible solution too, the modelled animal should be moving in a manner similar to its now-extinct counterpart. And indeed, using the same method for living animals (humans, emu and ostriches) similar top speeds were achieved on the computer as in reality. By comparing their cyberspace results with real measurements of living species, the Manchester team of palaeontologists can be confident in the results computed showing how extinct prehistoric animals such as dinosaurs moved. The Manchester University team have used the computer simulations to produce a model of a giant meat-eating dinosaur. It is called an acrocanthosaurus which literally means 'high spined lizard' because of the spines which run along its backbone. It is not really known why they are there but scientists have speculated they could have supported a hump that stored fat and water reserves. There are also those who believe that the spines acted as a support for a sail. Of these, one half think it was used as a display and could be flushed with blood and the other half think it was used as a temperature-regulating device. It may have been a mixture of the two. The skull seems out of proportion with its thick, heavy body because it is so narrow and the jaws are delicate and fine. The feet are also worthy of note as they look surprisingly small in contrast to the animal as a whole. It has a deep broad tail and powerful leg muscles to aid locomotion. It walked on its back legs and its front legs were much shorter with powerful claws. Falkingham himself is investigating fossilised tracks, or footprints, using computer simulations to help analyse how extinct animals moved. Modern-day trackers who study the habitats of wild animals can tell you what animal made a track, whether that animal was walking or running, sometimes even the sex of the animal. But a fossil track poses a more considerable challenge to interpret in the same way. A crucial consideration is knowing what the environment including the mud, or sediment, upon which the animal walked was like millions of years ago when the track was made. Experiments can answer these questions but the number of variables is staggering. To physically recreate each scenario with a box of mud is extremely time-consuming and difficult to repeat accurately. This is where computer simulation comes in. Falkingham uses computational techniques to model a volume of mud and control the moisture content, consistency, and other conditions to simulate the mud of prehistoric times. A footprint is then made in the digital mud by a virtual foot. This footprint can be chopped up and viewed from any angle and stress values can be extracted and calculated from inside it. By running hundreds of these simulations simultaneously on supercomputers, Falkingham can start to understand what types of footprint would be expected if an animal moved in a certain way over a given kind of ground. Looking at the variation in the virtual tracks, researchers can make sense of fossil tracks with greater confidence. The application of computational techniques in palaeontology is becoming more prevalent every year. As computer power continues to increase, the range of problems that can be tackled and questions that can be answered will only expand. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题China is not really a ______ to India as a call-centre hub.

填空题Fourteen ______ patrol Nouabale-Ndoki national park.

填空题Questions 34-40 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage 3 ? In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题{{B}}Questions 14-16{{/B}}Decide which three things {{B}}ALL{{/B}} applicants {{B}}MUST{{/B}} send when extending their leave to remain. Write the appropriate letters in boxes 14, 15 and 16 in any order. A Your passport. B Your children's passports. C Your Police Registration Certificate. D A letter from your college or university saying that you are on a full-time course of study, or that you will be beginning one. E Bank statements covering the past three months. F A recent passport-sized photograph of yourself. G Recent passport-sized photos of your children.

填空题The wear and tear theory applies to both artificial objects and biological systems.

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填空题domestic cat

填空题Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.PLAN FOR SHARING ACCOMMODATIONExample AnswerThe discussion topic: lease for next yearThe total rent: Peter ￡ 110&Jim 【L1】￡______Car parking: in the 【L2】______A place to buy things: 【L3】______ , because Jim works there.The fees they should share: 【L4】______ feesThe appliances needed: The landlord will provide the microwave. The 【L5】______ is needed in the kitchen. Peter will bring some dining room and living room furniture. Jim will buy a 【L6】______ at the store. Location of the telephone: in the 【L7】______Move-in date: 【L8】______Watching the game together: on 【L9】______What Jim needs to do before move-in: take 【L10】______ in the morning

填空题According to the writer, the way Ms Costa defined ......... may have been misleading.

填空题Section D

填空题Questions 25-26

填空题During “Grand Canyon Classic” tour，guide will lead tourists to the __________ routes down and back up.

填空题Questions 33-40 Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet. Argunents against homeopathy Arguments for homeopathy Has no {{U}}　(33)　{{/U}}ingredients Does not become {{U}}　(34)　{{/U}} when taken in large quantities. Lack of a {{U}}　(35)　{{/U}} makes success or {{U}}　(36)　{{/U}} Remedids can be trialed with no risk of {{U}}　(37)　{{/U}};trdatments tackle tackle causes and not just {{U}}　(38)　{{/U}}. Too much rekiance on the {{U}}　(39)　{{/U}}. Works psychologically but not physically. Proven to work on people whl are {{U}}　(40)　{{/U}}.