填空题Which part of the clock was broken?

填空题 Question 34-35 Choose the correct answer from A-D.

填空题Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题Questions 6-8 Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 1. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 6-8 on your answer sheet.

填空题One child policy

填空题{{B}}Questions 35-40{{/B}} Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Developments in social websites Changes in the way people represent themselves. Early websites: · Chat rooms —use of fictitious names · Games—use of {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Current websites: · Social networking—use of real names and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}} · MySpace—interaction usually with {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}} Networking by scientists Began working online at beginning of the {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}} Number of blogs increasing Blogs used to link: · scientists with scientists · scientists with {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}} Likely future developments Increase in {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}websites, e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn Establishment of meta-network

填空题Amazon began by selling books online.

填空题This is an advertisement on the radio.

填空题{{B}}SECTION 3 Questions 21-30{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 21-25{{/B}}Answer the following questions using {{B}}NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS{{/B}} for each answer.

填空题a sustainable and profitable manner

填空题an inaccurate forecast regarding the reading habits of children

填空题Better by Design: Battling the Throwaway Culture A Jonathan Chapman, a senior lecturer from the University of Brighton, UK, is one of a new breed of "sustainable designers". Like many of us, they are concerned about the huge waste associated with our consumer culture, and the damage this does to the environment. They also stress the urgent need to reconsider how we apportion the Earth's limited resources among a growing human population. What sets them apart, however, is their belief that we can design our way out of our profligate ways. Some, like Chapman, aim to design objects we will want to keep rather than discard. Others are working to create more efficient or durable consumer goods, or goods designed with recycling in mind. Their shared goal is nothing less than to redesign society to help us ditch our throwaway culture. B The consequences of our fickle ways can be found in landfills everywhere. Americans use and throw away 2.5 million plastic bottles an hour. The British produce enough garbage to fill the Albert Hall every 2 hours. According to the authors of "Natural Capitalism", Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins, only one per cent of all materials flowing through the US economy end up in products still being used six months after manufacture. The waste entailed in our fleeting affairs with consumer durables is colossal. C Take the average domestic power tool. However much DIY we plan on doing, the truth is we throw these away after using them, on average, for just 10 minutes. Most will serve "conscience time", gathering dust on a shelf in the garage. We use them for a very short time and keep them to justify buying them, but the end is inevitable: thousands of years mouldering underground. A power tool consumes many times its own weight of resources in its design, manufacture, packaging, transportation and disposal, all for a shorter active lifespan than that of the adult mayfly. D For most of human history we had an intimate relationship with the objects we used or treasured. Often we made them ourselves, or family members passed them on to us. For more specialist objects, we relied on expert manufacturers living close by, whom we would know personally. All this gave objects a history—a "narrative"—and an emotional connection that today's mass-produced goods cannot possibly match. "No wonder we are dissatisfied," says Chapman. E Without these personal connections, consumerist culture instead idolizes novelty. We know we can't buy happiness, but the chance to remake ourselves with glossy, box-fresh products seems irresistible. When the novelty fades we simply renew the excitement by buying more new stuff: what John Thackara of Doors of Perception, a network for sharing ideas about the future of design, calls the "schlock of the new". "As a sustainable designer, I was growing frustrated with the wasteful superficiality of design, in its nurturing of endless cycles of desire and disappointment with consumers," Chapman says. His solution is what he calls "emotionally durable design", creating things we want to keep. F That may sound like a tall order, but it can be surprisingly straightforward. Think about your favourite old jeans. They just don't have the right feel until they have been worn and washed a hundred times, do they? It is like they are sharing your life story. You can fake that look, but it isn't the same. G Chapman says that the gradual unfolding of a relationship like this transforms our interactions with objects into something richer than simple utility. Swiss industrial analyst Walter Stahel, visiting professor at the University of Surrey, UK, calls it the "teddy bear factor". No matter how ragged and worn a favourite teddy becomes, we don't rush out and buy another one. As adults, our teddy bear connects us to our childhoods, and this protects it from obsolescence. Stahel argues that this is what sustainable design needs to do with more products. H It is not simply about making durable items that people will want to keep, though. Sustainable design is also a matter of properly costing the whole process of production, energy use and disposal. "People who are into sustainable design don't see themselves simply as product designers any more," says Tim Cooper, from the Centre for Sustainable Consumption at Sheffield Hallam University in the UK. "They are interested in the design of systems, the design of culture." He thinks sustainable design has been "surprisingly slow to take off", but says looming environmental crisis and resource depletion are now pushing it to the top of the agenda. Last year, a new product was launched every 3.5 minutes. Given that 80 per cent of the environmental impact of a product, service or system is determined at the design stage, Cooper believes sustainable design deserves far more attention than it has received. I Thackara agrees. For him, the roots of impending environmental collapse can be summarized in two words: weight and speed. We are making more stuff than the planet can sustain and using vast amounts of energy moving more and more of it around ever faster. "Our natural, human and industrial systems, which evolve slowly, are struggling to adapt," Thackara writes. "Laws and institutions that we might expect to regulate these flows have not been able to keep up." J On the day you read this the same volume of trade will take place as occurred in the whole of 1949. We now make as many phone calls in a day as were made in the whole of 1983. The information age was supposed to lighten our economies and reduce our impact on the environment, but in fact the reverse seems to be happening. We have simply added information technology to the industrial era and speeded up the developed world's metabolism, Thackara argues. K Once you grasp that, the cure is hardly rocket science: minimize waste and energy use, stop moving stuff around so much and use people more. Achieving this is not so easy, however. Growing numbers of people may be choosing to opt out by downsizing or embracing the ideology of the "slow movement", which seeks to reverse the frenetic pace of living, but a return to pre-industrial ways will never be a global solution. "We cannot stop tech," Thackara says, "and there's no reason why we should. It's useful. But we need to change the innovation agenda in such a way that people come before tech." Questions 28-33 Look at statements 28-33 and the list of people. Match each statement with the correct person. Write your answers in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet. N.B. You may use any person more than once. Chapman Hawken, A. Lovins and H. Lovins Thackara Cooper Stahel

填空题Peter Andre and Katie Price were becoming more successful when they met.

填空题 The lecturer says that he will first look at how some cultural values influence 31 ______ and that then he will 32 ______ demonstrating that approaches to learning in one culture may not be considered suitable in others.

填空题annual mating cycle

填空题America's ______ has more than tripled since 1980.

填空题Questions 12-14 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

填空题Feeling bad about yourself

填空题The US and the UK plan to use more ______ in the future.

填空题Questions 1-5 Reading Passage 1 has five sections, A-E. Choose the correct headings for sections A-E from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i Mushrooms that glow in the dark ii Bright creatures on land and in the sea iii Evolution's solution iv Cave-dwelling organisms v Future opportunities in biological engineering vi Nature's gift to medicine vii Bioluminescence in humans viii Purposes of bioluminescence in the wild ix Luminescent pets