填空题Qualities of Leadership Introduction 1 In the speaker"s opinion, there are______most important qualities for good leadership. 2 The first and foremost quality of leadership is to______. 3 To lead means to make decisions, which include______for the organisation such as determining its core values and setting its strategic direction. How to be a good leader 4 A good leader is brave enough to make decisions and take______action. 5 A bad leader is always away from______and simply wait for things to happen. 6 A good leader must analyse fully the strengths, ______and threats of the organisation. 7 A good leader must assess carefully the______of each alternative strategy. 8 A good leader can"t only______other companies" strategy. 9 Thirdly, a key attribute of a good leader is to be able to make communication and externally. Internal and external communication 10 Internally, the leader must communicate his strategy and______to every member of the firm. 11 Externally, the leader must provide______for the organisation. 12 A good leader should play the role of the______on important issues for the organisation.

填空题A. Even if someone were rich enough to pay for such security B. If everyone waited for a free ride C. The government makes no attempt to intervene. D. Some people would welcome unregulated roadways as a new utopia E. the use of the market mechanism does not imply a free market. F. They would want the government to intervene G. National defense is an example H. the market might produce too much of a good or service Market Failure The market does not work equally well in all situations. In fact, in some circumstances, the market mechanism might actually fail to produce the goods and services society desires. (9) Most people want to feel that their nation's borders are secure and that law and order will prevail in their communities. But few people can afford to buy an army or maintain a le gal system. (10) he or she might decline to do so. After all, a military force and a legal sys tem would benefit everyone in the community, not just those individuals who paid for it. Recognizing this, few people would willingly pay for national security or a system of criminal justice. They would rather spend their income on ice cream and DVD players, hoping some one else would pay for law and order. (11) no money would be spent on national defense or a legal system. Society would end up with neither output, even though both services were widely desired. In other situations, (12) If there were no government regulation, then anyone who had enough money could purchase and drive a car. Little kids from wealthy families could hit the highways, and so could adults with a history of drunken driving. Moreover, no one would have to spend money on emissions-control systems, lead free gasoline, or mufflers. We could drive as fast as we wanted. (13) Others, however, would be concerned about safety and pollution. They would realize that the market's decisions about who could drive and what kinds of cars were produced might not be so perfect. (14) To assure safer and cleaner driving, people might agree to let the government regulate speed, auto emissions, and even drivers.

填空题The cheque should be made ______ to International Credits Ltd. (pay)

填空题______

填空题How to write a tourism marketing plan 1 A tourism marketing plan helps you make marketing decisions by arranging tasks, selecting messages, and______to promote your area. 2 ______about the travelers of your area is necessary for an effective plan. 3 First, you should set your______. 4 Your marketing goals should be far-ranging so that they can be accomplished through______. 5 SWOT is short for______, ______, ______and Threats. 6 Strengths and weaknesses are that could have an impact on your market position. 7 Opportunities and threats are external forces that influence your______. 8 Thirdly, create a community or______. 9 Make______of the features your area offers including food and accommodation, etc. 10 Fourthly, recognise your______. 11 Ask for______information such as gender, age, income and home town. 12 Finally, set marketing objectives for each______.

填空题I shall cancel the contract. ______

填空题The Importance of Contract Contract law is (31) great importance in business and in everyday life. Even though most of us are unaware of it, we enter into a (32) number of binding contracts every day. Ordinary business transactions such as buying a pack of gum at the corner grocery store, purchasing a ticket at a movie theater, or ordering a meal at a restaurant all involve valid contracts that pro vide the concerned parties (33) certain rights and duties. A contract is a legally enforceable promise between two or more people. (34) all con tracts contain enforceable promises, not all promises between people result in contracts. There are many promises made (35) people that the courts will not enforce. For example: Tom invites Lily to dinner and Lily (36) Tom is looking (37) to the date and can think of little else all day long. A half hour before Tom was to pick her up, Lily calls him and tells him that she will not be able to keep their date since Rose has (38) her to go dancing and she has accepted. Tom is upset, hurt, and quite angry. He'd (39) to sue her for breach of contract, since she has clearly broken a promise made to him earlier that day. Will he succeed? Lily may not be a very nice person; she has broken a promise to a friend and needlessly hurt his feelings in the process. She may have had a moral obligation to attend the dinner date; nevertheless, she had no legal obligation to do so. The agreement she breached was not a con tract, (40) merely a social obligation that the courts will not enforce.

填空题·Read the article below about mobile business.·Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.·For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter mom than once. {{B}}The Upwardly Mobile Business{{/B}} For any small business hoping to move up in the world, managing time is a crucial element in the success equation. Aside from being punctual for business meetings, being timely in delivering your products and services is important. It is also about capitalizing on the right time to secure that new business deal. In small and medium sized enterprises where the workforce is usually spread out and employees need access to critical information for on-the-spot decisions, an hour of not being connected is an hour of lost opportunities.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}The key strength of a small company is its ability to adapt quickly to change.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}Secure business transactions and a seamless operation both inside and outside the office have become essential, especially for smaller enterprises, and mobile phones can play an integral part in this process. Committed to delivering true mobility to businesses, Nokia is developing a suite of mobile devices and applications to support enterprise communications and help the decision, makers of small and medium sized companies to continually stay connected to their businesses.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}. Nokia's latest offering in the mobile business device range, the tri-band Nokia 6820, allows you to keep in touch with the office wherever you go. The Nokia 6820's integrated messaging keypad allows you to make detailed notes and compose full length e-malls so that you can communicate to your business partners in the way you want to.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}The compact Nokia 6820 also makes it easier for you to manage information. Need to schedule a last minute meeting but not sure if you are available? Check your organizer in the Nokia 6820 that has the personal information management (PIM) function, which allows for synchronization of personal data such as your calendar, to-do lists as well as contacts. (13) The bottom-line with the Nokia 6820 is, you save time and can manage your growing business more efficiently, even when you are away from the office. Small businesses need to be nimble. To stay on top, you have to stay connected to your business.{{U}} (14) {{/U}}Enterprise mobility will make balancing that equation even easier for you, keeping you always ready and open for business.A You can also use its integrated camera and video recorder to capture and immediately send important images to your colleagues or clients via email or multimedia messaging service (MMS).B To keep pace in the competitive business landscape companies needs to impress potential clients with their ability to cope with the rigorous demands of the corporate world.C Ultimately, it is all about timing it right and working smart so that you can manage your assets and resources effectively.D Aside from being punctual for business meetings, being timely in delivering your products and services is important.E Faster turnarounds and greater efficiency are prerequisites to a successful small and medium sized business.F Even on the move, you can stay connected and in control, which means that you can always be open for business.G From now on, you will be able to schedule meetings and catch up with potential clients all from one device.H More than just a personal device for voice communication and text messaging, the mobile phone can also play a vital role in helping you to manage a small business effectively.

填空题·You will hear five people talking about e-business in different areas. ·For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, choose the areas from the list A—H. For Task Two, choose the benefits from the list A—H. ·You will hear the recording twice. {{B}} TASK ONE—AREAS{{/B}} ·For questions 13—17, match the extracts with the areas, listed A—H. ·For each extract, choose the area stated. ·Write one letter (A—H) next to the number of the extract. A New way of using Internet in car selling. B Web-based euro project in getting the European currency information. C In procurement. D Web use in getting the dollar currency information. E New way of using Internet in bicycle selling. F In college teaching. G Web-based distance learning in staff development. H Extranet used in getting insurance offering information.

填空题 How effective is your marketing? Gone are the days when companies had departments full of staff whose role nobody understood. Today we are all accountable and have to be able to demonstrate the value of our contribution to our businesses. And rightly so. But when it comes to marketing, what is effectiveness, how do you measure it, and why is its measurement so important? Businesses are starting to recognise the key marketing questions. Are we providing the right products for the right people at the right price? Are our brands better than those of our competitors? (9) That's because marketing is not the fluffy stuff that can be axed when the going gets tough - it is the essence of business. So if marketing is important, it follows that it pays to know if yours is working. The first stage in the process is understanding your current position. How successful is your brand today? What is your market share? You should equip yourself with some sound facts and figures on which to base your conclusions. (10) It could be simply to boost sales. You may want to reinforce your leadership in a market or trounce a competitive brand. Influencing future profitability, possibly by building a short-term brand share, may be a priority. A clear objective is essential. But how do you know if your marketing is achieving your goals? (11) Their success is not just related to how many boxes leave the factory. Effectiveness may not be tangible. It may be financial, it may not. 'The brand' is an intangible asset, but it is now seen as an important one. Quantifying the value of an intangible asset is a difficult, but not impossible, task. It is also necessary to evaluate both long-term effectiveness and the short-term outcomes of any campaign. (12) But the care of a brand is a marathon, not a sprint, and it is important not to lose sight of the long-term consequences. Choosing the right measurement tools to evaluate a campaign is another important issue. (13) The accuracy they thus ensure should be consistent over time and correspond to the wider objectives of the business. Ultimately, marketing must deliver profit. The essential debate should no longer be about the importance of marketing, but what we should do to measure its effectiveness, and what measures will ensure survival. (14) But to others it is likely to be a controversial issue - and one which can produce responses leading to widely different directions for their enterprises.A Having done that, next comes establishing what it is that marketing activities should be achieving.B Because of this, you may want to generate return on investment, perhaps by raising the quality of your brand.C This shift in focus will be taken as read by the most successful businesses.D Addressing such issues should mean that profits take care of themselves.E Concerning the latter, it may be tempting to be seduced by efforts that yield quick results and satisfy investor pressure for immediate returns.F These should be precise and based on empirical data.G Good strategies are not necessarily linked to production or sales figures.H Today we are all accountable and have to be able to demonstrate the value of our contribution to our businesses.

填空题·Read the article below about recruiting.·Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.·For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.·Do not use any letter more than once. {{B}}Hiring Wisely{{/B}} Evaluating a person's relational abilities is a bit more difficult. Try the following techniques to ferret out a candidate's skills in the four dimensions of interpersonal work. If you find yourself wanting to hire the candidate regardless of his talents, he's probably a master in the influence dimension. Some other signs to look for include a history of being elected to leadership positions and a broad and deep professional network -- especially outside the person's current place of employment. People who score high on influence frequently serve on the boards of relevant professional and social organizations. During the interview, pose questions with no right answer and then assess how confidently and persuasively the candidate expresses himself. {{U}}(9) {{/U}} Did it have anything to do with influencing a decision? When you want to assess a candidate's adeptness at interpersonal facilitation, try asking him to describe a work situation in which two people were in conflict. {{U}}(10) {{/U}} Next, look for evidence of broad and deep personal and professional networks, especially inside his current place of employment. {{U}}(11) {{/U}} Finally, ask him to describe a job that he wouldn't want to do--not for lack of competence but for personal reasons. Would that position require an uncomfortable level of toughness toward other people, such as managing a turnaround in which a number of employees will lose their jobs? To determine whether someone is relationally creative, start by having him describe a favorite advertising campaign, slogan, or image, and then have him explain why he loved it and found it so effective. Ask the candidate to describe a time when he was "in the flow"-- so immersed in his work that he lost track of time- and see whether he cites a task that required a high level of relational creativity. {{U}}(12) {{/U}} People who score high in this dimension frequently give creative or offbeat answers. {{U}} (13) {{/U}} So be sure to ask the candidate about activities outside work and see if he holds a leadership role in any of them. Ask him, too, to describe his ideal job. Probe for details such as how many people he would be interacting with and in what way. Next, have him describe the best customer service operation he's ever experienced, either as an employee or as a customer. Notice how excited he gets while discussing it. {{U}}(14) {{/U}} Is he someone who inspires you to go out and give it your all? If so, he's got a special talent in the team leadership dimension.A And since most people who excel in this dimension participate in some kind of good cause, ask him to talk about his experiences in that realm.B If you find yourself wanting to hire the candidate regardless of his talents, he's probably a master in the influence dimension.C Another way to gauge his interest and ability in this dimension is to ask about a peak moment he's had at work.D People talented in this area usually have a long history of involvement with groups -- for instance, sports teams or social clubs.E In fact, pay close attention to how much energy and enthusiasm the person exhibits during your conversation generally.F Finally, ask what other careers he has considered.G Someone who's talented in this dimension will offer an insightful explanation of what might have been going on under the surface of the disagreement.H People who are skillful in this respect are more talkative and persuasive.

填空题 Things happened to John 1 John Muskavitch，______，couldn't attend meeting 2 John left Tuesday for______to be with his ill mother． Initial acquaintance with the company 3 The company's name is______． 4 John was with his first boss______to his first regional meeting． 5 The company deals with______． Impression of the regional meeting 6 People in the company are great bouch of people．kind of like a______family． 7 His______were the much respected and admired． Team work in the company 8 The work they do is______． 9 Whenever they have______，they are all just a phone call away． 10 They speak up or tactfuly disagree at meetings，______．conferences． 11 They often feel it is not easy to deal with constant change of rules and______． 12 John was in the position of president due to______important people in his professional life．

填空题That The desire to become more strategic that has been espoused by recruiting Over leaders for more than over a decade, and yet, year after year, newly introduced 41．initiatives seem more tactical and administrative than it ever. Recruiting processes 42．have nearly doubled in size when you look at the steps involved in, but no one 43．seems to think or can prove that output has changed all of that much. When you 44．look at what the typical recruiting organisation actually does, the plain truth of 45．the matter is that 90 percent of the work is administrative or tactical at its best. There"s 46．nothing wrong with tactical work; it does for the most part generate a 47．positive return in the short term. But let there be no doubt on that a truly strategic 48．recruiting function would do a fraction of what typically gets done and a lot more 49．of what hasn"t been getting done. Strategic actions have a broader, long-term 50．impacts on that manifest themselves by fundamentally altering an organisation"s 51．capability or capacity to compete with. Little of what gets billed as being these days 52．is actually strategic. In fact, it seems that the word "strategic" in conjunction with recruiting is most often used by vendors selling goods and services that have absolutely no strategic impact.

填空题E-commerce, A Powerful Business Channel Electronic commerce has the promise to be a very powerful business channel. Many "traditional" businesses such as General Electric, American Airlines, and US Air have (31) successfully implemented successful web-based strategies. New businesses, such as Amazon. corn, are challenging many traditional businesses to rethink the (32) they conduct business. The success of Amazon. corn has prompted many, previously "traditional" businesses, such as the bookstore retailer, Barnes and Noble, to (33) the electronic commerce arena. When implemented properly and when aligned (34) the firm's overall corporate strategy, electronic commerce can significantly enhance the operations of a firm. The potential benefits of electronic commerce to businesses depend on the extent of implementation and also the industry in (35) the firm operates. The outlook for web-based revenues is particularly (36) for the travel, financial services, computing hardware and software industries. The primary benefits to consumers are convenience, access to information, and price comparison. All of these benefits to the consumer (37) in more buying power. (38) business models and the value chain are no longer representatives of the virtual society in which electronic commerce operates. The value chain of electronic commerce-based companies places the customer as the center of focus with a sharing of data throughout all processes of the value chain and the customer. Besides, the (39) of electronic commerce depends on the assurance in which businesses and customers place in its underlying systems. Security is often cited as the number one impediment (40) the growth of electronic commerce.

填空题On the brink The New York Times was once the best example of all that was great about American newspapers．Now it symbolizes the difficult situation the whole industry is fecde with.The Grey Lady's circulation is tumbling down another 3.9%according to the latest data from America's Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC)． (9) . Pick almost any American newspaper company and you can tell a similar story．The ABC reported that for the 530 biggest daily newspapers，average circulation in the past six months was 3.6%lower than in the same period a year earlier．As for Sunday papers．it was 4.6%lower．Ad revenues are plunging across the board：by 22.3%at Media General，for example．In 2007 total newspaper revenues fell to$42.2 billion． (10) . Much of this decline is being blamed on the rise of the internet，which offers free，round-the-clock coverage．What's more，Internet has provided a new，better home for classified advertising，which was once the source of most newspapers'revenue． (11) ．The number one cause is the troublesome housing market，which contributes a large slice of classified advedising． Industry experts such as Lucas Rich Fine of Kent State University do not think that the Times is responding forcefully enough． (12) Mr.Fine also points out that although all newspapers are being affected by the internet，their ability to respond will probably depend on whether their audiences are national，metropolitan or local．The first category can afford to invest in distinctive international or business coverage，while the last can prosper by becoming'more intensely local'．But he fears that the big metropolitan newspapers may find themselves trapped in the middle． Not all is lost，however． (13) ．For instance，a number of newspapers are becoming'information and connection utilities'，through such offerings as local internet forums．The Pocono Record has renamed reporters'content managers'，since they oversee all the coverage of their beat，both in print and online，and get a bonus for higher web traffic． The hero for industry optimists is Brian Tierney，a former publicrelations executive．Last year，he led a group of investors that borrowed heavily to buy Philadelphia's two main dailies． (14) ．He is also finding new ways to drum up advertising，such as introducing a business column sponsored by a local bank．A．Certainly，it was not something to be sniffed at，but much less than the peak of$48.7 billion in 2000．B．However，some of the fall in revenues is actual-ly due to the economic slowdown in America．C．Its advertising revenues are down，too，12.5% lower in March than a year earlier．D．He has since revived them with a vigorous marketing drive．E．Nevertheless，as a major newspaper，it still boasts a welleducated readership．F．Plenty of innovation is taking place，particularly at local papem．G．‘Now is the time to beef up its business section，’he says．H．Now it symbolizes the difficult situation the whole industry is faced wit