填空题Logistical Operating Arrangements The potential for logistical services to favorably impact customers is directly related to operating system design. The many different facets of logistical performance requirements make operational design a complex task, as an operating structure must offer a balance of performance, cost, and flexibility. (9) ,it is astonishing that any structural similarity exists. But keep in mind that all logistical arrangements have two common characteristics. First, they are designed to manage inventory. Second, the range of logistics alternatives is limited by available technology. (10) Three widely utilized structures are echelon, direct, and combined. Echelon systems utilize warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large-volume transportation shipments. Inventories positioned in warehouses are available for rapid deployment to meet customer requirements. (11) A break bulk facility typically receives large-volume shipments from a variety of suppliers. Inventory is sorted and stored in anticipation of future customer requirements. Food distribution centers operated by major grocery chains and wholesalers are examples of break-bulk warehouses. (12) Consolidation is typically required by manufacturing firms that have plants at different geographical locations. Products manufactured at different plants are consolidated at a central warehouse facility to allow the firm to ship full-line assortments to customers. Major consumer product manufacturers are prime examples of enterprises using echeloned systems for full-line consolidation. (13) Direct distribution typically uses the expedited services of premium transport combined with information technology to rapidly process customer orders and achieve delivery performance. This combination of capabilities, designed into the order delivery cycle, (14) Examples of direct shipments are plant-to-customer truckload shipments, direct store delivery, and various forms of direct-to-consumer fulfillment required to support Internet shopping~ Direct logistical structures are also commonly used for inbound components and materials to manufacturing plants because the average shipment size is typically large. A. In contrast to inventory echeloning are logistical systems designed to ship products direct to customer's destination from one or a limited number of centrally located inventories B. proceeds through a common arrangement of firms and facilities as it moves from origin to final destination C. A consolidation warehouse operates in a reverse profile D. reduces time delays and overcomes geographical separation from customers E. The use of echelons usually implies that total cost analysis justifies stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of a supply chain F. When one considers the variety of logistical systems used throughout the world to service widely diverse markets G. These two characteristics tend to create commonly observed operating arrangements H. Typical echelon systems utilize either break-bulk or consolidation warehouses

填空题Write a phrase or sentence to: give your opinion As I see it, we should do

填空题TASK ONE—THE TOPIC OF THE TALK·For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the topics, listed A-H.·For each extract, decide what topic each speaker is talking about.·Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.A methods to build a successful teamB advice about being a good salesmanC tips for being a successful negotiatorD ways to be a strategistE how to be a good employeeF being successful in an interviewG secrets of making effective presentationsH getting excellent employees

填空题Brokers ______ work in the commodity markets, have the same functions as brokers ______ work in the insurance and Stock Exchanges. They are agents ______ earn a commission by acting for their clients ______ trade in commodities ______ can be dealt in spot and futures markets. In the Tea Market, ______ only has eight selling brokers, the brokers act for the people ______ own the plantations. The brokers inspect teas, ______ are kept in warehouses, and ______ come from the different countries ______ produce them, and then sample them. They also estimate their value, ______ changes from consignment to consignment, and then divide them into lots ______ are then sold at auctions ______ are held throughout the year.

填空题______

填空题resignation of its Managing Director in April. While Dawkin operates 84 cafés,

填空题original packaging and we will return you for in full. Quality is our main

填空题Innovation is different from creativity in that the former can be easily defined and measured.

填空题TheCEOofamanufacturingcompanyisdiscussinghisschedulewithhisprivatesecretary.Completethedialoguebywritingtheverbinbracketsinthecorrectfutureform.SSo,justtorunthroughyourdiaryfornextMonday.Youarehaving(have)aworkingbreakfastwiththeboardfrom8to9.30am.Thenthere{{U}}{{U}}2{{/U}}{{/U}}(be)aconferencecallwiththeheadsofthefoursubsidiariesscheduledfor10am.You{{U}}{{U}}3{{/U}}{{/U}}(meet)theMinisterforIndustryforlunchattheCarltonat1pm.What{{U}}{{U}}4{{/U}}{{/U}}(you/say)tohim,bytheway?CEOI{{U}}{{U}}5{{/U}}{{/U}}(tell)himthatunlessthegovernment{{U}}{{U}}6{{/U}}{{/U}}(give)financialsupportforanewfactoryinthenorth-east,we{{U}}{{U}}7{{/U}}{{/U}}(have)tolookforsitesoutsidetheUK.SHe{{U}}{{U}}8{{/U}}{{/U}}(not/like)that.CEOMaybenot,butthat'sthereality.What{{U}}{{U}}9{{/U}}{{/U}}(happen)intheafternoon?SYou{{U}}{{U}}10{{/U}}{{/U}}(host)aquestionandanswersessionattheLondonBusinessSchoolat3pm.CEOWho{{U}}{{U}}11{{/U}}{{/U}}(be)there?STheaudienceismostlyMBAstudentsandonthepanelthere{{U}}{{U}}12{{/U}}{{/U}}(be)twootherCEO's,DaveGardnerandJoannaBrowne.CEOOh,good,IlikeJoanna.When{{U}}{{U}}13{{/U}}{{/U}}(it/end)?Iwashopingtogetsomeworkdoneatsomepoint!SBy4.30pm.Yourcar{{U}}{{U}}14{{/U}}{{/U}}(bring)youbackhereafterwards.CEOAndyouhaven'tmadeanyarrangementsfortheevening?SNo.CEOGood,I{{U}}{{U}}15{{/U}}{{/U}}(try)nottogethometoolate.

填空题There is similarity between competition in international markets and the military situation in wars.

填空题load

填空题Task One - Intention in visiting the fair· For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the intentions, listed A-H.· For each extract, choose the person's intention in visiting the fair.· Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.A to get ideas for potential new productsB to give a presentationC to seek alternative employmentD to find out about competitors' productsE to get new marketing ideasF to give product demonstrationsG to recruit a new overseas agentH to find alternative suppliers

填空题A Regular European business travellers view travelling on commercial airlines as inefficient and inconvenient. Mostly it is not the airlines' fault but the infrastructure they have to work with. Private aircraft are being bought primarily not to save money on tickets but to save time. Scheduled flights in Europe cover only 10 per cent of the destinations available. Delays, more likely than not in European travel these days , waste precious time. The number of hours top executives with huge salaries waste has a direct impact on cost-effectiveness. B The gradual completion of Europe's single market means that more and more executives are criss-crossing Europe to look for business. With European domestic air fares extremely high, a corporate jet looks more attractive for executives flying three or four times a month. Even some of Europe's smaller companies are investigating it. However, the larger European airports operate priority regulations which govern slot allocation for take-off and create delays; airlines have first priority, chartered flights come second, air taxis third and business jets are fourth on the list. Smaller airports pose problems of access and a risk of inadequate ground handling. C Most businesses will not discuss their corporate aircraft or even reveal whether the already high-earning chief executive has an aircraft, for fear of shareholder reaction. There is still some stigma attached to ownership of a business jet. With new planes costing anything from $5 million upwards plus extra comforts in the interior, many companies feel they can't justify the expense to shareholders and employees. For some European managers a private jet is seen as an unacceptable perk indicating serious problems in a company's management. D The market for private aircraft fall into two sectors, the no-expense-spared rich man's plaything-the popular image-and the serious business tool owned by corporations. Manufacturers deliver the former as what is called a "green" aircraft-a plane that is unfinished except for a green corrosive-resistant paint which covers the bare metal. Owners personalize the plane with telephones, dining areas and even cinemas. The latter sector is very different and planes are normally bought with straightforward seating. E Fractional ownership of aircraft has opened up the market, as the low acquisition costs and predictable monthly fees are more palatable to shareholders, and to first-time buyers. Some of the biggest names in the business jet industry have launched their own fractional ownership schemes. Several smaller companies are also getting in on the act and are trying to beat the larger companies down the runway by offering cheaper prices. Yet critics claim that fractional ownership is untested and faces the customer with a wide range of liabilities.

填空题{{B}}TASK TWO--THE PREPARATION TO MAKE{{/B}}·For questions 18-22, match the extracts with preparations, listed A-H.·For each extract, choose the preparation each speaker has to make.·Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.A recruits more working staffB makes some investigationsC finds more housekeepersD searches for a public relations staffE negotiates with the bankF gets more fundG purchases more equipmentH looks for a business location

填空题{{B}}PART OEN{{/B}}·You will hear a job advisor talking about the job of a cashier.·As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes using up to three words or a number.·You will bear the recording twice. {{B}}Cashiers{{/B}}{{I}}Nature of the work{{/I}}1 Register the sale of .....................................................................2 Ensure the right amount of money and ......................................... of charge.3 Understand the ............................................................. for payment.{{I}}Working conditions{{/I}}4 Usually work on ..........................................................................5 Need to get supervisor's ...............................before leaving their workstations.{{I}}Employment{{/I}}6 ........................................................... of jobs in food and beverage.7 Many work in .................................. .gambling, and recreation industries, etc.{{I}}Training, qualifications and promotions{{/I}}8 Small businesses: trained by .............................................................9 Large businesses: trained ................................................................10 Qualifications: ................................................... in repetitious work.11 ............................................................. and good manual dexterity.12 Promotions: various .....................................................................

填空题 ·Read the text below about playing games at work． ·For each question(31-40)write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet． {{B}} Playing Games at Work {{/B}} Many companies nowadays are finding that playing games can be beneficial to their executives．Although{{U}} (31) {{/U}}．are certainly plenty of opportunities to play management games，it should not be thought that this is because business people are light-hearted．They are often quite{{U}} (32) {{/U}}opposite，in fact．With all the pressures of modern business life，many people do not have the opportunity to relax．Games can allow individual self-expression and give business people the time{{U}} (33) {{/U}}explore practical issues． Many team-based games take place outside．Here the facilitators try to bring out issues of team communication，strategy and working style．Board games are also popular．In most of{{U}} (34) {{/U}} teams are required to manage an organisation or practice skills which they will need in their day-to-day working life． At a different level，there are inter-company games in{{U}} (35) {{/U}}teams from a range of organisations and industries come together in friendly competition．The teams never actuallv meet，but they are kept in touch with．{{U}} (36) {{/U}}well they are doing by the same organizers．Part of the attraction of this type of game is that{{U}} (37) {{/U}}provides companies with the opportunity to let them learn build business awareness in a fairly realistic environment． {{U}} (38) {{/U}}．the object of the exercise is，as always，to maximize profits，the real benefit comes from the interaction within the team．There might even be some useful business lessons{{U}} (39) {{/U}}well．Perhaps the most significant aspect{{U}} (40) {{/U}}all，though．is that business games give workers permission simply to play．

填空题· Read this text taken from a business magazine.· Choose the best sentence from below to fill in each of the gaps.· For each gap 9-14, mark one letter A-H.· Do not use any letter more than once. Diance Dunlap was annoyed when a local laundry charged more to wash and iron her white blouses than to clean her husband's white shirts. Actually, she was more than just annoyed. {{U}}(9) {{/U}}. Twenty-one of them quoted higher prices for blouses. Then she did an experiment. She cut the label out of a blouse, sewed in the label for a man's Shirt, and took the blouse to the cleaner along with three of her husband's shirts. The cleaner charged her $1.25. {{U}}(10) {{/U}}. The cleaner charged her $2.25. Dunlap feels that the cleaner's pricing is unethical—that they are discriminating against women and charging arbitrarily higher prices. {{U}} (11) {{/U}}. The president of the Association of Launderers and Cleaners in Dunlap's state has a different view. "The automated equipment we use fits a certain range of standardized shirts," he said. "A lot of women's blouses have different kinds of trim, different kinds of buttons, and lots of braid work, and it all has to be hand-finished. If it involves hand-finishing, we charge more." In other words, some cleaners charge more for doing women's blouses because the average cost is higher than the average cost for men's shirts. {{U}} (12) {{/U}}. A consumer-protection specialist in the Attorney General's office in Dunlap's state said that there were no federal or stare laws to regulate what the cleaners could charge. {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. Many firms face the same problem of how to set prices when the costs are different to serve different customers. For example, poor, inner-city consumers often pay higher prices for food. {{U}}(14) {{/U}}. Some firms don't like to charge different consumers different prices, but they also don't want to charge everyone a higher average price—to cover the expense of serving high-cost customers.A. Later she did the same thing, but with a blouse that had the original label.B. Of course, the cost of cleaning and ironing any specific shirt may not be higher or lower than the average.C. But inner-city retailers also face higher average costs for facilities, shop lifting, and insurance.D. She telephoned 61 cleaners and asked each one's price to launder a nonfrills, white cotton blouse the same style and size as a man's shirt.E. Inner-city consumers enjoy better quality goods.F. Dunlap won't take any actual measures to urge the government to pass such a law.G. She said that customers who don't like a particular cleaner's rates are free to visit a competitor who may charge less.H. She wants her local city government to pass an ordinance that prohibits laundry and drycleaning businesses from discriminatory pricing based on gender.