YouwillheararadiointerviewwithDonaldWhite,theauthorofabookaboutrunningboardmeetings.Foreachquestion(23-30),markoneletter(A,BorC)forthecorrectanswer.Afteryouhavelistenedonce,replaytherecording.

Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page. Why Are Women More Vulnerable to Broken Hearts?0. Women are a lot more likely to suffer a broken heart than men, researchers say. The good news is that it probably won't kill you.1. In the first national study of its kind, researchers at the University of Arkansas looked at rates of "broken heart syndrome" — when a sudden shock or prolonged stress causes heart attack-like symptoms or heart failure — and found that it overwhelmingly affects women. Women are at least seven times more likely than men to suffer the syndrome, and older women are at greater risk than younger ones, according to data presented Wednesday at the American Heart Association conference in Orlando.2. Broken heart syndrome can happen in response to shocking or suddenly emotional events — both positive ones like winning the lottery, or negative ones like a car accident or the unexpected death of a loved one. A flood of stress hormones and adrenaline causes part of the heart to enlarge temporarily and triggers symptoms that can look like heart attack: chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heart rhythm. The difference is that the factors that would normally cause heart attack, such as a blocked artery, aren't present. Most sufferers usually recover within a week or two, but in rare cases — about 1% — people die of the condition.3. Doctors have long known about broken heart syndrome — first described by Japanese researchers two decades ago — and that it seemed to occur mostly in women. So, Dr. Abhishek Deshmukh, a cardiologist at the University of Arkansas who has treated women with broken heart syndrome, became curious about just how gender-specific the condition was. Using a federal database that included data from roughly 1,000 hospitals, Deshmukh found 6,229 cases of broken heart syndrome in 2007. Of those, only 671 —just under 11% — were in men. He found that, overall, women had about 7.5 times the risk of broken heart syndrome as men; in people under 55, women were at 9.5 times greater risk than men. Women over 55 were also three times more likely to suffer broken heart syndrome than younger women.4. Researchers don't know what causes the gender disparity, but they have some ideas. One theory is that hormones play a role. Another is that men have more adrenalin receptors on cells in their hearts than women do, "so maybe men are able to handle stress better" and the chemical surge it releases. Deshmukh said.5. About 10% of sufferers will have a second episode at some point, but most return to full heart function without permanent damage or need for follow-up treatment. So, it looks like the way to mend a broken heart is what Mom always said: just give it time.Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1~5), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Data Source and analystsB. Possible causes for gender differenceC. Findings released at a conferenceD. Medication for broken heart syndromeE. Occurrence of broken heart syndromeF. Recovery from broken heart syndromeG. Ways to avoid broken heart syndrome

You are asked to write a composition in which you give your own opinions on the following topic: Work Pressure Write your article in about 120 words.

You will hear two conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below. CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)The man likes the college's【L1】 1and【L2】 2. Number of the students:【L3】 3. The students can join in different【L4】 4. You will hear two conversations. Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below. CONVERSATION 1(Questions 1-4)The man likes the college's【L1】 5and【L2】 6. Number of the students:【L3】 7. The students can join in different【L4】 8. 【L1】

Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "Migration in the 19th Century ". You will listen to it twice. For Questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet. Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a passage about "Migration in the 19th Century ". You will listen to it twice. For Questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet.

Monique has been in London for【L5】 1days.Monique is taking the English course to improve her【L6】 2English and to see【L7】 3.Monique is living in a【L8】 4.Monique has been in London for【L5】 5days.Monique is taking the English course to improve her【L6】 6English and to see【L7】 7.Monique is living in a【L8】 8. 【L5】

You have to change the date of a marketing meeting that was scheduled for next Friday.Write an email to all members of the marketing team: giving the new date of the meeting explaining why the date of the meeting has been changed providing details of an additional point for the agenda. Write 40-50 words.To…Marketing TeamCc…Subject: New date for Friday's meeting

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D. More and more, the operation of our businesses, government, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purpose can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught by it have managed to get away without punishment. It is easy for computers crime to go undetected if no one checks up what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a growing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it is disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommon bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigating revealed that the extra cards she was being asked were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that has been robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding or not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefiting, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another staff computer criminal departs with just the recommendation he needs to continue his crime elsewhere.

Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 On the next page. Green Steps1 "IF CONGRESS won't act soon to protect future generations, I will," Barack Obama said last month in his state-of-the-union speech. "I will direct my cabinet to come up with executive actions we can take, now and in the future, to reduce pollution, prepare our communities for the consequences of climate change, and speed the transition to more sustainable sources of energy." This week Mr. Obama named the officials charged with fulfilling that directive: Gina McCarthy, his choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and Ernest Moniz, the prospective new secretary of energy. Their selection suggests that Mr. Obama is indeed serious about tackling climate change, but not doctrinaire in his approach.2 Ms. McCarthy already works at the EPA, where she is in charge of air quality. That has given her a leading role drafting the administration's most ambitious and controversial environmental rules, including limits on emissions of greenhouse gases for new power plants and strict fuel-efficiency requirements for cars. She is the natural candidate to oversee the most obvious and consequential step Mr. Obama could take to stem global warning: a regulation curbing emissions from existing power plants.3 Republicans do not like that idea at all, and have introduced bills in Congress to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. They often accused Lisa Jackson, the agency's previous boss, of disregarding the cumulative impact of its many clean-air rules, and suffocating industry as a result.4 Yet Ms. McCarthy makes an unlikely target. She has worked for Republican governors in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Industry groups mustered kind words about her nomination. As Mr. Obama put it, "She's earned a reputation as a straight-shooter." Mr. Moniz is even less likely to provoke determined opposition in the Senate, which must approve both appointments. He is a physicist, like the current secretary, Steven Chu. He knows the Department of Energy, having served as an undersecretary in the Clinton administration. He shares the president's enthusiasm for renewable power and other nascent green technologies, but he has also spoken in favor of building more nuclear reactors and of natural gas as "a bridge" to a low-carbon future. His nomination has attracted more criticism from environmentalists than from the coal lobby' despite his eagerness to put a price on carbon emissions, an idea it resists furiously.5 The two appointments, says Paul Bledsoe, an energy consultant, suggest that Mr. Obama is looking for more politically adroit ways to promote his energy policies than a straight fight. The president might. For example, announce at the same time the approval of the proposed Keystone XL pipeline extension, which would increase imports of a particularly mucky form of oil from Canada, and the adoption of limits on greenhouse-gas emissions from existing power plants. That would help defuse claims that he is a knee-jerk environmentalist, even as he follows through on his ultimatum to Congress.Questions 9-13(10 marks) For questions 9-13, choose from the list A~G which best summarizes each part of the article. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Rejections from environmentalistsB. Two nominators' strengthsC. Implications of the appointmentsD. President's two new nominationsE. Future of renewable powerF. Republicans' oppositionG. Ms. McCarthy's background

Read the article below and choose the best sentence from the list on the next page to fill each of the gaps. For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A~H)on your Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice. Paris Hotel Wars. For nearly a hundred years, the Hotel le Bristol and five other so-called Parisian palace hotels — the Crillon, George V. Meurice, Plaza Athenee and Ritz — have seen themselves as the guardians of French tradition and grand service.【L1】 1They're also very expensive. Five-star properties in Paris have average room rates of $350 to $700 per night, but rooms at the palaces start at $1,000 and climb all the way to $31,000. 【L2】 2 The luxury oligopoly, however, is facing its first significant challenge.【L3】 3In October, the Singapore-based Raffles Group reopened Le Royal Monceau, which dates from 1928, after spending more than $140 million to gut and refurbish it. In December, Hong Kong-based Shangri-La unveiled its offering inside the former residence of Napoleon's grandnephew. 【L4】 4The hotel will blend "French services with Oriental flair," meaning yoga mats in the rooms, massage parlors in the suites and dim sum on the room-service menu. In early 2013 the Peninsula Group will debut its first European hotel on the swanky Avenue Kleber. 【L5】 5 The target clientele is a growing emerging-market elite. The number of millionaire households rose 14% worldwide in 2009 to include 11.2 million people, according to the Boston Consulting Group, and China alone saw a spike of 31%.【L6】 6The Asian chains will feature top-notch plumbing and state-of-the-art technology, which have often been missing from the palace hotels in the past. The new competition has prompted the old guard to renovate its properties and dust off their history.【L7】 7At the Bristol, managers recount how during World War II. their predecessors erased a suite from the floor plan and harbored a Jewish architect, who later thanked them by building the elegant wrought-iron elevator at the hotel's center.【L8】 8But what's clear is this: for luxury travelers headed to Paris this spring and summer, the choice of accommodations just got a whole lot better.A. In June, Mandarin Oriental will welcome guests to its 130-room property near the Louvre, built at a cost of more than $16 million per room.B. Their flagship restaurants serve only French haute cuisine, and their historic buildings remain as iconic today as they were in the 18th and 19th centuries.C. Together these openings will boost the number of luxury rooms in the city by 40%.D. Asian hotel groups are investing hundreds of millions of dollars in lavish new properties in historic buildings throughout Paris — all with rooms at the palaces' price point.E. Luxury today needs to have a story, so the Crillon emphasizes that Marie Antoinette took piano lessons in its drawing rooms, and the Ritz honors Coco Chanel's 30-year residency there.F. Whether or not historical tales can preserve the allure of Parisian tourism is still unknown.G. But the new properties will appeal to any traveler who simply wants to stay in a less fusty yet still luxurious environment.H. Their iconic status kept their rooms filled through most of the recession, even at those prices. 【R1】

Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a man talking about his father. For questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a man talking about his father. For questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. When Christopher Columbus landed on America's shores, he encountered copper-shinned people whom he promptly called "Indians". Current estimates indicate that there were over a million Indians inhabiting North American then. There are approximately 800,000 Indians today, of whom about 250, 000 live on reservations.2. The early settlers had an amicable relationship with Indians, who shared their knowledge about hunting, fishing, and farming with their uninvited guests. The stereotyped stealthy, wicked Indians of western movies are created by different faithless white men; the Indian was born friendly.3. Disgust developed between the Indians and the settlers, whose encroachment on Indian lands provoked an era of turbulence. As early as 1745, Indian tribes joined together to drive the French off their land. The French and Indian war did not end until 1763. The Indian had succeeded in destroying most of the settlements. The British, superficially submissive to the Indians, promised that further migrations west would not extend beyond a specified boundary.4. Vacated from their lands or, worse still, frankly giving their property to the whites for few baubles, Indians were ruthlessly pushed west. The battle in 1876 at Little Horn river in Montana, in which setting Bull and the Sioux tribes massacred General Custer's cavalry, caused the whites intensify their campaign against the Redman. The battle at Wound Knee, South Dakota, in 1890 put an end to the last vestige of hope for amity between Indians and whites.5. Although the Bureau of Indian affairs has operated since 1842, presumably for the purpose of guarding Indians "interests", Indian on reservations lead notoriously deprived lives. In recent times Indians have taken a militant stand and appealed to the courts and the American people to improve their substandard living conditions.Questions 9-13 For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A~G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. Indians, once the master of America, now live in their reservation.B. Indians were pushed away.C. The wars between Indians and the settlers.D. Indians are still fighting for the improvement of their lives.E. The relationship between Indians and the early settlers.F. Indians were ferocious savages.G. Indian's struggle for their own possessions.

Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a story entitled "Trees Are a Threat". For questions 24-30. indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B or C on your Answer Sheet. Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a story entitled "Trees Are a Threat". For questions 24-30. indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response. Mark one letter A, B or C on your Answer Sheet.

Read the following text and decide which answer best fits each space. For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet. Less education, income linked to obesity in women, not men Women who are better educated and live in households that are middle-income or above are less likely to be obese than women who are less educated and live in the lowest income households, new government research shows. Among men, there is not a statistically significant【C1】______in obesity based on income and very【C2】______difference based on education, the data show. 【C3】______, about one in three U.S. adults-almost 73 million people-are obese, which is【C4】______30 or more pounds over a【C5】______weight. Extra weight raises the【C6】______of diabetes, heart disease, some types of cancer and other【C7】______. "There is a relationship between obesity and income, but it's not a【C8】______story," says Cynthia Ogden, an epidemiologist with the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "When looking at these two【C9】______of socioeconomic status-income and education-their【C10】______is greater on women than men," she says. Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, says that【C11】______-income women may be more likely to become obese because of environmental【C12】______such as lack of access to safe places to do physical activity and easy access to fast food. Among the findings: 29% of women who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese in opposition【C13】______42% of women who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four. 23% of women with a college degree are obese, significantly less than the 42% of women with【C14】______than a high school education. 33% of men who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese,【C15】______29% of men who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four are obese. This difference is not considered statistically【C16】______.The analysis is based on【C17】______from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is considered the gold【C18】______for evaluating obesity because it is a(an) 【C19】______survey of people whose weight and height are actually【C20】______rather than being self-reported.

Suppose there is a kindergarten in your hometown and you are asked to write a copy for it. You have to provide information on the special features of it: The location is beside the quiet, and beautiful park. The commuting is convenient. The facilities are enough. The service is fine. The fee for it is ￥2,000 per year.

Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as a central to the competitive survival of the firm of the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to rent at the lowest possible cost — as much as one buys row materials or equipment.2. The lack of the importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the cooperation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at edge of corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central — usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy.3. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments on modern training workers are much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.4. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrived. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany do(as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in United States. More times is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed, with which new equipment can be employed.5. The result is a slower pace of technological changes. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cannot effectively staff the processes that have to operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.Questions 9-13 For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below. For each numbered paragraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet. Do not mark any letter twice.A. The bad effect of poor management on new technologies.B. The position of human-resource management in corporation hierarchy.C. The work force — training in American firms.D. Human-resource management is not important for American firms.E. How to make American firms become more completive.F. The importance of worker's skill.G. Problems exit in American's companies.

You will hear five conversations taking place in restaurants and the customers are complaining about something. Before you listen, read the list of statements, five of which are summaries of how these problems are solved. Then listen carefully and match the statements(A~F)with the conversations that are about them(9~ 13)respectively. There is one extra statement that you don t need to use. You will hear the passage twice.A. It is suggested that she change her order to some sirloin because it is tender.B. She is asked to send in the bill if she likes to have it cleaned.C. The head waiter goes to fetch some clean ones immediately.D. He offers to sponge it with a little warm water.E. He is advised to choose another wine instead.F. The head waiter will deal with it himself. You will hear five conversations taking place in restaurants and the customers are complaining about something. Before you listen, read the list of statements, five of which are summaries of how these problems are solved. Then listen carefully and match the statements(A~F)with the conversations that are about them(9~ 13)respectively. There is one extra statement that you don t need to use. You will hear the passage twice.A. It is suggested that she change her order to some sirloin because it is tender.B. She is asked to send in the bill if she likes to have it cleaned.C. The head waiter goes to fetch some clean ones immediately.D. He offers to sponge it with a little warm water.E. He is advised to choose another wine instead.F. The head waiter will deal with it himself.

Read the following passage and answer questions 19~25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. In my early childhood I received no formal religious education. I did, of course, receive the ethical and moral training that moral and conscientious parents give their children. When I was about ten years old, my parents decided that it would be good for me to receive some formal religious instruction and to study the Bible, if for no other reason than that knowledge of both is essential to the understanding of literature and culture. As lapsed Catholics, they sought a group which had as little doctrine and dogma as possible, but what they considered good moral arid ethical values. After some searching, they joined the local Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. Although my parents did not attend Meetings for Worship very often, I went to First Day School there regularly, eventually completing the course and receiving an inscribed Bible. At the Quaker school, I learned about the concept of the "inner light" and it has stayed with me. I was, however, unable to accept the idea of Jesus Christ being any more divine than, say, Buddha. As a result, I became estranged from the Quakes who, though believing in substantially the same moral and ethical values as I do, and even the same religious concept of the inner light, had arrived at these conclusions from a premise which I could not accept. I admit that my religion is the poorer for having no revealed word and no supreme prophet, but my inherited aversion to dogmatism limits my faith to a Supreme Being and the goodness of man. Later, at another Meeting for Worship, I found that some Quakers had similar though not so strong reservations about the Christian aspects of their belief. I made some attempt to rejoin an organized religious group; I did not wish to become one again. I do attend Meeting for Worship on occasion, but it is for the help in deep contemplation which it brings rather than any lingering desire to rejoin the fold. I do believe in a "Supreme Being"(or ground of our Being, as Tillich would call it). This Being is ineffable and not to be fully understood by humans. He is not cut off from the world and we can know him somewhat through the knowledge which we are limited to the world. He is interested and concerned for humankind, but on man himself falls the burden of his own life. To me the message of the great prophets, especially Jesus, is that good is its own reward, and indeed the only possible rewards are intrinsic in the actions themselves. The relationship between each human and Supreme Being is an entirely personal one. It is my faith that each person has this unique relationship with the Supreme Being. To me that is the meaning of the inner light. The purpose of life, insofar as a human can grasp it, is to understand and increase this lifeline to the Supreme Being, this piece of divinity that every human has. Thus, the taking of any life by choice is the closing of some connection to God, and unconscionable. Killing anyone not only denies them their purpose, but corrupts the purpose of all men.

Look at the note below. You will hear a man phoning about some arrangements for a meeting. Look at the note below. You will hear a man phoning about some arrangements for a meeting.

Read the following passage and answer questions 19-25. For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language. Mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Brittany, Ireland, South African, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the varieties of English found in these areas, there are great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. It is virtually possible to estimate the number of people in the world who acquired adequate work knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situation in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are produced and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purpose as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread information over the radio and television networks of many nations for the number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the west.