单选题· Read the text about business-school.· Choose the best word from below to fill each gap.· For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, C or D). Hurtling as we are towards the new millennium, with all the social changes this iconic date implies, it is increasingly apparent{{U}} (21) {{/U}}the world of business is experiencing fundamental shifts. Today, both companies and schools are increasingly aware that business is a human activity; it's ultimately{{U}} (22) {{/U}}and about people. In future, employers will{{U}} (23) {{/U}}doubt demand more rounded individuals to run their operations, which naturally creates a question for the next generation of students, "Is the classic MBA still the model—and obligatory—passage toward that ideal career?" The Masters of Business Administration (MBA), the best-known business school label, is an introduction to general management. The traditional MBA, Harvard-style, has remained largely unaltered{{U}} (24) {{/U}}the 1950s, and seeks to provide a thorough knowledge of business functions through the case study—a(n) {{U}}(25) {{/U}}incidentally borrowed from law school. The trouble is that the real world is not a theoretical exercise. The problems managers face today are messy, and, if anything, are becoming messier, neither fitting in neat functional boxes nor{{U}} (26) {{/U}}one simple answer. Ambiguity is the hardest{{U}} (27) {{/U}}to manage, but it's the one most managers are wrestling with. "Management is more art than science," observes Richard D'Aveni, professor of strategic management at Dartmouth's Amos Tuck School of Business Administration. "No one can say with certainty which decisions will bring the most{{U}} (28) {{/U}}, any more than they can create instructions over{{U}} (29) {{/U}}to sculpt a masterpiece. You just have to feel it as it goes." John Quelch is another business-school insider who detects the limitations of the traditional syllabus. According to Quelch, leadership is an area that b-schools have not fully addressed. It is notoriously hard to teach, {{U}}(30) {{/U}}programs do have the capacity to provide a grounding in non-business areas and personal growth.

单选题Themaineffectofwinningtheawardhasbeentheincreasein

单选题All of the following are methods commonly used to differentiate products from those of competitors except ______ A．quality B．design C．tax policies D．packaging E．branding

单选题People can be addicted to different things-alcohol, drugs, even television. People who have such an addiction are (21) which means they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they (22) spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is (23) —impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that (24) credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is even a special psychology of (25) hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunter, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are (26) . They want to believe that they are helping their budgets. (27) they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are (28) . Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason. It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and (29) use psychology to increase business. They (30) people's needs for love, power or influence, their basic values and beliefs in advertising and sales methods. Psychologists often use a method called ' behavior therapy' to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

单选题 ·Read the article below about market research. ·Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D. ·For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. {{B}} Market Research{{/B}} Market research has become increasingly important in recent years. In some organisations, in fact, managers will not initiate any activity without market research to back them up. The first thing about market research is that it is not an{{U}} (21) {{/U}}to management decision-making. No form of market research, no matter how deep, complicated and detailed, can ever be seen as a substitute for creative decision-making by professional managers{{U}} (22) {{/U}}its very best, all it can do is{{U}} (23) {{/U}}some doubt and clarify the nature of the problem. It may even be seen as a tool which can help improve the{{U}} (24) {{/U}}of decisions but it is not in itself a decision-making mechanism. Market research, in{{U}} (25) {{/U}}with a number of other approaches in marketing, suffers from the frequent complaint that it is not really accurate. Market research results can never be completely accurate because they{{U}} (26) {{/U}}with a dynamic, ever-changing marketplace. It is essential that this is understood by everyone with an interest in the results. There is, therefore, an ongoing need for creativity and imagination, when{{U}} (27) {{/U}}market research results and when making any{{U}} (28) {{/U}}to apply them in the marketplace. Finally, it should always be remembered that market research is not an end in itself but simply a{{U}} (29) {{/U}}by which some degree of risk can be removed from marketplace activity. If no activity{{U}} (30) {{/U}}from the research, then the entire research has been completely pointless.

单选题A. There are two parties that decide what accounting information is useful and what is not. One is the users. It is a grave mistake for economic decision makers to leave this decision up to the "experts". If the accounting profession is not providing the information users need, or is not preparing it in a way that makes sense, the users must demand a change. The second party that decides what accounting information is useful and what is not is the accounting profession—but always with the proviso that the information should be tailored to the needs of users. B. The decisions made by internal and external decision makers are similar in some ways, but so different in other ways that two separate branches of accounting have developed to meet the needs of these two categories of user. The accounting information generated specifically for use by internal decision makers is the product of what is called management accounting, while that generated for use by external parties is the product of what is called financial accounting. C. Much of human life revolves around economic issues. We will be better equipped to deal with these issues and their effects on our daily lives if we understand the economic decision-making process and the information that affects it. First, let's take a look at the people making economic decisions. Economic decision makers can be divided into two broad categories: internal and external. Internal decision makers are individuals within a company who make decisions on behalf of the company, while external decision makers are individuals or organizations outside a company who make decisions that affect that company. D. The first characteristic of internal decision makers is they make decisions for the company. In other words, they act on behalf of the company. They decide such things as whether the company should sell a particular product, whether it should enter a certain market, and whether it should hire or fire employees. Note that in all of these matters, the responsible internal decision maker is not making the decision for herself of himself, but rather for the company. The second characteristic of internal decision makers is that they have greater access to the financial information of the company than do people outside the company. E. Economic decision making involves the evaluation of alternatives. In order to be useful in such an evaluation, the accounting information for one alternative must be comparable to the accounting information for the other alternative(s). For example, assume you intend to make an investment and are considering two companies as investment alternatives. If the two companies use totally different accounting methods, you would find it very difficult to make a useful comparison. Comparability is an important quality of accounting information in many decision-making settings.

单选题By ______ employees to properly perform the tasks they are assigned, management can maximize the firm"s value.

单选题If consumer incomes increase, the effect consumer decisions about how much they want to buy can be shown by ______ A．shifting demand curve outward (to the right). B．shifting supply curve outward. C．shifting the demand curve inward (to the left). D．moving downward to the right along the demand curve. E．shifting the supply curve inward.

完形填空In just eight years, by 2010, there will be 58 million jobs in the United States, (0) the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The bureau (21) between now and 2010 some 22 million new jobs will be created. And 36 million more (22) will result from retirements and others who drop out of the workforce. Nearly all that job (23), incidentally, will come in the service sector. Manufacturing jobs will grow at only (24) of a percent annually. That''s not because those jobs are going overseas, by the way. Blame the slow growth in manufacturing (25) the fast growth in manufacturing productivity. Ed Potter, president of the Employment Policy Foundations in Washington, said the foundation''s analysis of job growth and what''s (26) happening in education show there could be as (27) as 3.5 million professionals at the ,end of this decade. Despite the current recession and layoffs, a (28) of employers by the National Association of Manufacturers found 80 percent of companies say a severe shortage of qualified job (29) already exists. And 60 percent of those companies said the lack of skilled workers is (30) their ability to produce. A. basing on B. basic on C. accordance to D. according to EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is D.

完形填空Promotions, Transfers, and Separations In the past, employees stayed with a company for most or all of their working life. Today''s employees, however, are more (0) to change jobs several times as they search for better opportunities. In the United States, most organizations experience (21), costly employee (22) as employees leave for one reason or another. Turnover occurs because of promotions, transfers, and separations. A promotion is an advancement, or (23) movement within an organization to a position with increased authority, responsibility, and salary. In some companies, (24)—the length of time a person has been with the company—is the key issue in determining who should be promoted. A transfer is a horizontal move from one job to another within a company. Transfers allow workers to obtain new skills or to find a new (25) within an organization when their old position has been (26) because of automation, decreased sales, or some other factors. A separation is the departure of the employee from the organization. Separations occur because of resignation, layoff, and retirement. Resignation is giving up one''s job (27). A layoff is (28) of employment due to slow business conditions, the elimination of specific jobs, or the closing of work facilities. Retirement is separation because of age or after a specified number of years of service. A well-organized human resources department strives to (29) losses due to separations and transfers because recruiting and training new employees is very expensive. A high turnover (30) in an organization may signal problems with the selection or training process or with the compensation program. A. able B. impossible C. about D. likely EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is D.

完形填空Job Enrichment While pay is an attempt to (0) zestful employees, job enrichment is an effort to motivate via the work itself. Job enrichment is the (21) of changing the job so that the work will appeal to employees'' higher-level needs. Its aim is to make the work more meaningful. First, job enrichment is merely (22) up, working harder at what you are doing. Second, it is not job (23), merely adding another meaningless job. Some managers assume they are enriching subordinates'' work by adding their duties, but the duties must make the job more meaningful in order to be enriching. Third, rotating (24) tasks does not help, at least not very much. Fourth, job enrichment does not mean (25) away all the hard parts and making the task more routine. Then what is job enrichment? Job enrichment is based on Frederick Herzberg''s two-factor theory of (26) Herzberg argued that because job rotation and job enlargement do not provide workers with any additional responsibility or (27) over their jobs, they do not really enhance employee motivation. Job enrichment (28) to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job. Many companies (29) job enrichment to improve the quality of work life for their employees. The (30) benefits of job enrichment are great, but it requires careful planning and execution. A. reward B. encourage C. stimulate D. promote EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is A.

写作题Question 2 Your company is concerned about the customers'' inability to placing orders because of tied up phone lines. Your manager has asked you to write a proposal for a rearrangement of phone line use in the company. Write your proposal, including the following: a description of the problem an explanation of what has caused the problem a recommendation for a rearrangement a description of possible benefits from the rearrangement Question 3 Your company hopes to maintain its highly valued reputation for being ethical. However, it may be vulnerable to lawsuits against the employees'' use of pirated software. You have been asked to write a report concerning the acquisition and distribution of pirated software in your company. Write the report for your manager, including the following information: how extensive is the use of pirated software in your company how pirated software is acquired and distributed among the employees how pirated software can be cleaned out of the company Question 4 Your company has decided to give a banquet to its major clients before the Christmas season. In charge of scheduling this banquet, you need to write a letter to the CEO to get his approval of your choice for the place to hold the banquet. Write the letter to the CEO: explaining the purpose of writing this letter describing the research you have made on the hotels and restaurants that are considered candidates for the place explaining why you are in favor of this particular hotel reemphasizing your hope to get his approval or suggestion

写作题Question 2 Your company hopes to get insights into the hiring of adults with mild mental retardation and its effects on the running of the company. You have been asked to write a proposal for strategies of employing mentally disabled people in your company. Write your proposal, including the following: a brief description of the current policy of the company regarding the hiring of disabled people an analysis of mentally disabled people''s capability of performing certain tasks in your company a description of the benefits from hiring these people recommendations for training strategies Question 3 Your company, an international hotel business, has been considering expansion in a foreign country. You have been asked to write a brief report which evaluates a particular city''s potential of being the site for a new hotel. Write the report for your manager, including the following information: why the city is a good location for a new hotel what merit special attention if the hotel has to be successful what needs further notice Question 4 Your manager has received a request from one employee for reimbursement for expenses of a business visit to customers. The manager has decided that some of the expenses should not be covered by the company. You have been asked to write a letter informing this employee of this decision. Write the letter to the employee, acknowledging his right for reimbursement for some business expenses clarifying the expenses that will not be covered and explaining why stating the procedure for getting reimbursement from the company

写作题Question 2 Your company needs to secure credibility in ways other than advertisements. Your manager feels that the company can gain reputation if more of its employees publish articles in journals. You have been asked to write a proposal regarding the need to encourage the employees to write articles for professional journals. Write your proposal, including the following: a brief description of the employees'' engagement in writing article for scholarly journals an explanation of why published articles can contribute to the company''s credentials and credibility in terms of its technical expertise recommendations for incentive measures that urge the employees to consider writing articles for journals Question 3 Your company has been keen on screening out socially inappropriate messages from all of its advertisements. You have been instructed to write a report about biased ads which foster a negative stereotype of some group. Write the report for your manager, including the following information: what stereotypes of people have been evidenced in the ads why it is compelling to stop running or changing the ads in their current forms what general lesson can be learnt from this incident Question 4 Your company, which runs a transportation business, has received a letter requesting adjustment on damaged shipment from a client. You are responsible for writing letters to inform clients of how reimbursement is made to clients under such circumstances. Writing the letter to this client: expressing your awareness of this affair and your apology for the damage informing him of the granted adjustment reminding him of what needs to be done before the reimbursement is made

问答题Task Sheet for Candidate A Task Sheet 1A: Staff promotion: the importance of promoting employees with great achievementsB: Customer relations: how to set up an effective customer services systemC: Advertising: how to advertise a new product effectively Task Sheet for Candidate B Task Sheet 2A: Recruitment: how to ensure that job advertisements attract appropriate applicantsB： Staff management: the importance of assessing staff performance effectivelyC: Transport: the importance for a company to provide free transport for its employees

问答题Is advertising important or not? What factors must one take into account when developing advertising strategy?

问答题 Question 2 Your company has been concerned with the disposal of its used computers which have not been fully depreciated. You have been asked to write a proposal concerning better ways of disposing used computers. Write your proposal, including the following.. a description of what has happened to the old computers in the past a description of a new way of disposing of used computers an explanation of why this new approach is sound recommendations for further research on this approach Question 3 Your company has been receiving complaints about the employees' manner of answering phone calls from customers. Your manager has asked you to write a report of the problems with the way the employees handling phone calls from customers. Write the report, including the following information: why phone calls from customers are of significance to the company what complaints there are about the employees' manner of answering phone calls what can be done to redress the problems Question 4 Your company has not been paid promptly by some of the clients. Your manager has asked you to write a letter to the manager representing the client to urge the payment of the bill. Write the letter to the manager: reminding him of the bill past due explaining that the delay is not your fault and therefore, not justifiable clarifying when and how the payment should be collected

问答题{{B}}Training: the importance of providing training for company personnel{{/B}}

问答题 Grooming?

问答题{{B}}Can you tell me about your future career plans?{{/B}}