填空题A Benchmarking involves establishing minimum standards of performance and quality, based on identifying the best method and practice followed in other organisations. These standards can then be used as yardsticks to measure the organisation's current costs, production, management and customer focus, and identify areas where they fall short of norms. According to its supporters, benchmarking raises awareness of innovations and best practice, thus helping all companies taking part in benchmarking exercises to increase their competitiveness: by imitating best practice they may be able to reduce their costs or improve their customer service.B There are a number of approaches to benchmarking. Typically, exercises are carried out by companies working within the same field or sector, as in the International Motor Vehicle Programme. Between 1985 and 1990 this brought together car manufacturers from Europe, the USA and Japan with the aim of introducing the western companies to Japanese production methods. As benchmarking by competitors can be very sensitive, in some cases data is mediated through a neutral body, such as a business school, to protect confidentiality and make sure that no trade secrets are revealed.C There are also instances of companies in widely different industries comparing their management practices, to see how others have dealt with difficulties in internal communications, supply chain management, and other areas where practice is transferable from company to company without affecting competition between rivals, in other words, topics where confidentiality is not at issue. To a certain degree this practice has been aided by the development of internet websites dedicated to the sharing of information, sites which, being in the public domain, are universally accessible. Of course, this means that only certain types of data are provided.D Unlike benchmarking exercises with competitors, which run the risk that participants may want to take what they can and give away as little as possible, benchmarking between the divisions or business units of a single company is far less likely to lead to the withholding of information. As a by-product, co-operation among different sections of the company may well be enhanced, both through increased understanding of how others operate, and by simply being able to put a face to a name, and know who to talk to about a particular work-related problem.E learning from the successes and failures of others can of course be very valuable. On the other hand, critics claim that by concentrating on existing best practice, companies simply seek to emulate other businesses. Content to achieve the best of what is being done at the moment, they do not attempt to move beyond it to reach the best possible. However this ignores the creative aspect of the process: learning about other organisations' operations may well spark off fresh ideas, as in a brainstorming session, and lead into the realm of true innovation.

填空题{{B}}PART SIX{{/B}}{{B}} · In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. · For each numbered line 41--52, find the unnecessary word. Some lines are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT.{{/B}} If you watch the news, you hear at all the time about the Dow Jones (41) ______Industrial Average and other averages that like the S＆P 500 or the (42) ______Russel 2000. These are "market averages" designed to tell you howcompanies are traded on the stock market are doing in general. (43) ______The Dow Jones Industrial Average is simply the average value of 30large, and industrial stocks. Big companies like General Motors, (44) ______Goodyear, IBM and Exxon are the kinds of companies that make upthis index. See this page for details on how that the average is (45) ______calculated. See this page for a list of the companies in the average.The thing to understand is that the Dow Jones Industrial Average isnothing magic--which someone has chosen 30 companies and (46) ______he averaged their values together by following a specific formula. (47) ______That's all what it is. (48) ______There are all sorts of averages out there. The S＆P 500 is the averagevalue of 500 different large companies. But the Russel 2000 tracks (49) ______the average of 2,000 smaller companies. And there are others.What these averages tell you is the general health of stock prices as (50) ______a whole. If the economy is "doing well", then the prices of stocks as a (51) ______group tend to rise. If it is "doing poorly", prices as a group tend to fall.The averages show you these tendencies in the market as a whole. Ifa specific stock is going down but while the market as a whole is going (52) ______up, that tells you something. Or if a stock is rising, but is rising fasteror slower than the market as a whole, that tells you something as well.

填空题 · In most of the lines (41-52) there is an extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. · If a line is correct, with CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. · If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. NEC {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}sustain its growth while staying green. NEC's Dynamic IT Infrastructure {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}provides with the resilience and flexibility necessary for a successful enterprise {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}to evolve, grow and succeed. Our portfolio of the hardware, software, {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}services and solutions provides us every element of an integrated IT infrastructure. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}This flexible of architecture lowers your total cost of ownership by enabling {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}scalability, adaptability and evolution without forklift upgrades, while {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}collectively minimising the carbon footprint and so impact on the environment. {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}As a global IT and networking powerhouse, NEC which provides such {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}innovative IT infrastructure as solutions and more. Whatever your challenge, {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}you can be sure of one thing. NEC empowers you through innovation. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}The NEC and NEO logo are registered in trademarks of NEC Corporation. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}Empowered by another Innovation is a trademark of NEO Corporation.

填空题Marriott International, Inc. has recently made much significant enhancements to its popular Marriott Rewards program. Members can now achieve Elite level41 status faster than ever before and receive their exclusive benefits across all Marriott42 brands that would participate in the program.. Now all Marriott Rewards43 members can request for hotel stay awards just 24 hours before check-in to most44 participating hotels by calling 1-800-450-4442 or visiting marriottrewards. com.45 In addition, they can earn those Silver Elite status and benefits after spending46 just 10 nights per year (previously a 15-hight-stay'was required). With having47 more than 18 million members and 2, 300 participating hotels in 65 countries,48 Marriott Rewards is of the largest and most popular frequent guest program in49 the world. In addition to free hotel stays, members may further redeem Marriott50 Rewards points for more than 300 different reward options, including in theme51 park passes to Disney; spa packages; luxury cruises; Universal Studios and52 Discovery Cove Orlando, and retail merchandise. To enroll in Marriott Rewards, call 1-800-249-0800 or log onto www. marriottrewards. com.

填空题Matcheachofthedescriptionsintheboxtooneofthegraphsbelow.fluctuatedwildlyincreasedsteadilydivergedsignificantlydevelopedinasimilarwayreachedapeakremainedrelativelystablerecoveredslightlycontinuedonanupwardtrendwithsomefluctuations{{U}}recordedasharprise{{/U}}

填空题brand, unlike a building, inventory, or furniture, fixtures, and equipment, needs never depreciate.

填空题Straddles are a form of (speculate) where the trader tries (make) a profit by (speculate) on the differences (occur) in discount and premiums of the different forward delivery months. By (straddle) the trader hopes (buy) the contract in one delivery month (sell) in another. If the price changes, he will tell his broker (close) the straddle and reverse the transaction. There are bull and bear straddles, the bulls (buy) in near months and (sell) in near months and (buy) in distant months, both (want) (make) a profit by (work out) the way the market will go.

填空题· Read the text below about supplier.· In most of the lines 41-52, there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some. lines, however, are correct.· If a line is correct, write CORRECT.· if there is an extra word in the tine, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS. 41. Developments in the "suppliers" environment can have a substantial effect on42. the company's marketing operations. Marketing managers need to watch at price trends43. of their key outputs. Rising costs of sugar or cocoa may be force Hershey to raise its44. prices or shrink its candy-bar sizes, neither step probably hurting Hershey's45. sales. Marketing managers are equally concerned with supply availability. In supply46. shortages, labor strikes, and other events can prevent with fulfilling delivery promises47. and lose sales in the short run and damage customer goodwill in the long run.48. Many companies prefer to buy multiple sources to avoid being depending from a49. single supplier who might raise prices or limit supply. Company purchasing agents50. try to build long term on relationships with key suppliers. In times of shortage,51. purchasing agents find that they have to "market" their company to suppliers52. in order to obtain his preferential supplies.

填空题With regard to ______

填空题 ·Read this text taken from a business magazine. ·Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps. ·For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet. ·Do not use any letter more than once. During the 1980s, most U. S. department stores stopped carrying furniture because turnover was too slow and costs were too high. That created an opportunity for smaller, limited-line stores specidlizing in bedding, upholstery, or casual dining.Now the Ikea (pronounced I- KEY-ah) retail chain is, in turn, shaking up these traditional home-furnishings retailers. When Ikea opened its first U. S. store in 1985, it had already developed a low-cost, low- service strategy that was successful in Sweden (where it started) and other parts of Europe.{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. It's difficult for small retailers to compete with Ikea's low prices or the 12,000-item selection it offers in each of its 200,000-square-foot stores.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}.But Ikea uses a clever store layout that helps consumers get information and make purchase decisions without costly help from salespeople. A couch, for instance, is displayed both in a real life setting and in a group with other couches so people can compare and make purchase decisions. A 200-page catalog—mailed to consumers who live within an hour's drive of the store—detail prices and specifications. Shoppers wheel the boxes of assemble-it-yourself furniture to the cash register themselves. The store doesn't offer delivery either.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}Ikea does offer some services. For example, it starts a children's playroom--because parents shop better when they don't have their kids in tow.{{U}} (12) {{/U}}.{{U}} (13) {{/U}}.But because Ikea's sales are so large, it designs its own quality furniture its customers will buy, and then contracts with a producer to make it. This also reduces distribution costs because the furniture is designed in a way it can be shipped disassembled. As an Ikea manager explains, "If we offered more services, out prices would go up. Our customers understand our strategy, which requires each of us to do a little in order to save a lot. They value our low prices." He seems to be correct, and Ikea sales will probably continue to grow as it opens new stores in Europe and the United States. However, Ikea may need to adapt its strategy—including its service level—to consumer differences and evolving competition.{{U}} (14) {{/U}}.Some U. S. consumers, for example, complain that they have to wait in a long Ikea line only to find that a product is not in stock, and that there's no waiting list for the next shipment. A To keep costs low, service is Spartan. B Though successful, it still has room for improvement. C The two most important features of the mass-merchandising format are great variety of merchandise and low cost. D But most consumers can carry the "knock-down" furniture home in car. E Most furniture retailers buy producer's product lines at big wholesale furniture markets. F The same mass-merchandising format is proving very popular with price-conscious consumers in the United States. G And a restaurant at the store offers consumers low-cost meals and a place to think over big purchase decisions. H That created an opportunity for smaller, limited-line stores specidlizing in bedding, upholstery, or casual dining.

填空题prestige

填空题 Notes on selection procedurePanel of judges:· Head of panel, Jacqueline Allen, teaches (1) at Barrington Business SchoolSelection process: first stage· a questionnaire that was (2) longMeasurable performance criteria included:· length of (3) which affect productivity· success in achieving reliable (4) timesLess tangible performance criteria included:· importance of (5) .· how well companies deal with (6) .Selection process: second stage· judges compiled a (7) of factories to visitStandard characteristics of winning factories included:· effective procedures in the area of (8) .· determination to be the best· innovations that help to achieve the factory's (9) .New characteristics of winning factories:· excellence at (10) management· provision of (11) to assist personnel and visitors in finding their way· tracking flow of production, e.g. by using (12) .

填空题______

填空题STRESS▲ Good stressGood stress enables high performers to (1) People have a period of (2) each day.▲ Bad stressCauses of bad stress include:· too few (3) · too many (4) · too much (5) · not having proper (6) ▲ Recent survey results· more complaints about amount of (7) · fewer complaints about lack of (8) · small organisations have higher (9) · large organisations have difficulties with (10) ▲ Before going on holidayEmail information about (11) to colleagues.Talk about (12) to a line manager.

填空题Under f______ bonds, companies can insure themselves against dishonest employees.

填空题a variety of activities ranging from the cookery to leading a hill walking

填空题and had a plan to reach up 150 by the end of next year. This is looking less and

填空题post