单选题In the fourth paragraph, why do many companies prefer to diversify rather than stay in a concentrated market?

单选题A. Each firm has a social responsibility, which is the firm's recognition of how its business decision can affect society. The term social responsibility is sometimes used to describe the firm's responsibility to its community and to the environment. However, it may also be used more broadly to include the firm's responsibility to its customers, employees, stockholders, and creditor. Although the business decisions a firm makes are intended to increase its value, the decisions must not violate its ethics and social responsibilities. B. Business ethics is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. C. The term 'business ethics' came into common use in the United States in the early 1970s. By the mid-1980s at least 500 courses in business ethics reached 40,000 students, using some twenty textbooks and at least ten casebooks along supported by professional societies, centers and journals of business ethics. The Society for Business Ethics was started in 1980. Europe an business schools adopted business ethics after 1987 commencing with the European Business Ethics Network (EBEN). D. Organizations can manage ethics in their workplaces by establishing an ethics management program. Corporate research and watchdog groups such as the Ethics Resource Center and the Council on Economic Priorities point out that the number of corporations that engage in ethics training and initiate socially responsive programs has increased dramatically over the course of the past two decades. E. If a business owner treats employees, customers, and competitors in a fair and honest manner—and suitably penalizes those who do not perform in a similar fashion—he or she is far more likely to have an ethical work force of which he or she can be proud. "It is perfectly possible to make a decent living without compromising the integrity of the company or the individual, " wrote business executive William R. Holland.

单选题An incredible opportunity for real estate investors is investing in foreclosure. Foreclosed homes repeatedly sell at deep discounts; which provides buyers a straightforward opportunity to profit. Because foreclosed homes are often highly discounted, they can be purchased and sold with a large return. Homes that are facing or have vanished by way of foreclosure often meet the investing goals of both the long term investor and the investor that plans to flip the property. Plainly stated, a foreclosed property is one that has been repossessed by the lender for non-disbursement of the mortgage. Since the majority mortgages are collateralised by the actual property, a dwelling that has gone through foreclosure has re-claimed by the bank. There are a lot of things that occur all through this progression, and depending on which status the residence is located, the procedure can actually take numerous months. As a consequence of the difficulty of the process as well as the length and the cost for both the bank and homeowner, there exists a chance for investors to arbitrate and help both parties in the circumstances. Throughout the period previous to a home is officially repossessed by the bank, the real estate investor may have an opportunity to jump in. Throughout this preforeclosure time, the bank is actively taking steps to eject the property owner and take back the house. For the duration of this time, the homeowners are in the situation that they are no longer making payments to the bank and at jeopardy of losing their credit rating, their dwelling, and even their pride. Throughout these periods, an investor can choose to intervene and buy the habitat at a discounted rate from the homeowner. Depending on the situation, the investor could be able to purchase the house for less than is owed on it (short sale) which presents an important occasion. As mentioned before, the preforeclosure process may last many months. Nonetheless, if a declaration is not met involving the bank and landholder or a likely investor, the route ends with the bank placing the house up for community public sale. The last step in a foreclosed habitat is when the regional sheriff comes to provide the eviction notice and paste the public sale notice on the front door. At that point forward, the dwelling is officially foreclosed. Though it is much more challenging, after a habitat is foreclosed upon, it may well be bought at a discount at community sale. Although these auctions there are certainly deals to be had. However, it is important to realise that if the smallest bid is not met, the bank that owns the property could opt to get it back. In addition, at open public sale, you are competing with a number of additional investors so you may well not get as high-quality of a contract as you would have previously. All in 'all though, investing in foreclosed homes can be a grand way to profit.

单选题 ·Read the article below about monopoly． ·Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A，B．C or D． ·For each question(21-30)．mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet． Monopolv is one points the peculiar{{U}} (21) {{/U}}．which can affect the sale and purchase of certain commodities．In some markets，there may be only one seller or a {{U}}(22) {{/U}}．of sellers working very closely together to control prices．The result of such monopolistic activitv is to fix prices at a level{{U}} (23) {{/U}}to the seller，a level which may bring him artificially high profits．Many governments dislike this procedure and have taken legal actions to{{U}} (24) {{/U}}．or halt such business activities．In the U．S．anti-trust laws operate to limit cartels and mergers．{{U}} (25) {{/U}}in Britain the Monopolies Commission examines all special arrangements and mergers referred to them by the Board of Trade． This type of monopoly is not the only{{U}} (26) {{/U}}，however．There are three other forms：state，legal and natural．State monopolies are quite common nowadays，where the{{U}} (27) {{/U}}in a particular country control industries like steel and transport or important and prestigious revises like national airlines．Legal monopolies are rather different，because the law permits certain individuals to{{U}} (28) {{/U}}solely from their special inventions，discoveries or processes．Ne other person may infringe their rights in respect to{{U}} (29) {{/U}}monopolies． Finally，natural monopoly{{U}} (30) {{/U}}where a nation or individual possesses most of a particular mineral for reasons of geography and geology．

单选题A major responsibility of a human resources manager is to ______

单选题{{B}}How to approach Reading Test Part Three{{/B}}· In this part of the Reading Test you read a longer text and answer six questions.· First read the questions, Try to get an idea of what the text will be about. Then read the text for general understanding,· Then read the text and questions more carefully, choosing the best answer to each question. Do not choose an answer just because you can see the same words in the text.· Read the article on the opposite page about innovation in business and the questions below.· For each question 15 - 20, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. Not long ago innovation was The Big Idea in marketing circles. Now, however, it's hard to see the benefits of this rush to innovate. Indeed if anything, companies seem to be drawing back from innovation, not charging ahead. But just a few years ago many companies were combining a commitment to create entirely new product categories through innovative technologies - working to hugely ambitious growth targets -with a root-and-branch organisational overhaul designed to free up creativity and speed new product roll-outs. The result was that as resources were shifted away from core businesses, sales and profits faltered, share prices slumped and CEOs were ousted. Now the mantra is a more conservative focus on the top brands, the top retail customers and the top markets. It's being rewarded in many cases by healthier share prices. This sustained effort to cut long tails of smaller brands and focus marketing resource on existing leaders seems to be paying off. So were we wrong to pinpoint innovation as key to tong-term market success? Surely not. But we might have underestimated the enormous complexity of this beast. The term 'innovation' may be simple enough but it spans a vast landscape, including the type and degree of innovation, marketing purpose, management process and market circumstance - not all of which are well understood. Take 'type' of innovation. Are we talking about new products only? Or new processes, new channels, underlying technologies, organisational structures and business models? When should the innovation involve a new brand? Or take 'degree'. Are we aiming for blue-sky inventions that will transform markets and create new categories? Or marginal tweaks in, say, formulation or packaging that give us an excuse to advertise something 'New! Improved!'? Likewise, is the marketing purpose of the project to steal a march on competitors and drive incremental growth, or to update an obsolete product line and play catch-up to competitors? As one business news editorial complained, 'innovation' is often just 'simple proliferation of similar products'. Then there's process. What is the best way to manage this particular innovation? Is it to employ creative revolutionaries and set them free, or is disciplined risk management, requiring the careful testing and sifting of options to pick winners, a better approach? In larger organisations, has, senior management really made time spent in cross4unctional teams a recognised element of successful career paths? What time frames (eg payback periods) and degrees of risk is senior management comfortable with? And does the organisation have a culture that fits the chosen approach? Does it 'celebrate failure', for example, or is it actually a risk-averse blame culture (despite what the CEO says in the annual report)? Successful innovation requires clearing two hurdles. First, it needs the right project with the right degree of innovation to fit with the right marketing purpose, the right innovation process, corporate culture and market circumstance. Second, it needs senior managers that understand the interplay between these different factors, so that rather than coming together simply by chance, they are deliberately brought together in different ways to meet different circumstances. Clearing Hurdle Two can happen 'by accident'. Clearing Hurdle One requires real skill We can all point to admirable, inspiring innovations. But how many companies can we point to and say, 'these people have mastered the art of innovation'? Brilliant innovations are a wonderful thing, Expert innovation management is even better and much rarer.

单选题Jimleaveshishouseearlyinthemorningbecause

单选题 ·Read the article below about packaging and labeling. ·Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D. ·For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. Packaging and labeling are both very important to a product, as most physical products have to be packaged and labeled. Both are thought to be an element of product strategy and many marketers even have called pachaing a fifth P. The main concern in designing packages for products, especially for new{{U}} (21) {{/U}}is true{{U}} (22) {{/U}}industrial goods and appliances whose sales are made from display models. From the{{U}} (23) {{/U}}of marketing, packaging is of vital importance in sales promotion. Sales are{{U}} (24) {{/U}}by packages that are visible, informative, emotionally appealing, and workable. Good packaging helps sell because{{U}} (25) {{/U}}with high visibility are easier to find when they are displayed on store shelves. Design with good and useful information may help{{U}} (26) {{/U}}customers and make them more{{U}} (27) {{/U}}to decide to buy the goods. The{{U}} (28) {{/U}}factor in packaging refers to the image that consumers form after viewing a product. {{U}} (29) {{/U}}in packaging means that the container not only protects the product but is also easy to open and re-close, is readily stored, and has utility for secondary uses once the product is used up. For example, in China, some goods are packaged in a special container-a real cup, which can be used as a cup after the goods within are used up. The label may be a simple tag attached to the product or an elaborate designed{{U}} (30) {{/U}}that is part of the package. The label normally carries information about the brand name, manufacturer's name and address, price, specifications, and so on.

单选题When firms allow employees to evaluate their supervisors, this process is known as a (n) ______

单选题Recruitment Process Outsourcing—better known as RPO—has gained significant market momentum in recent years. Yet it has taken a while. Given that employers have been seeking help in their recruiting efforts for decades, it seems odd that the rise of RPO as a service solution has taken so long. Isn"t outsourcing of non-core functions a widely accepted business strategy? Isn"t recruiting one of the largest line items for many organisations and not a core function? Today, however, organisations that consider outsourcing their recruiting efforts can pore over and compare tangible outcomes seen by those successful early adopters of RPO. But tread lightly. There have been a number of very public RPO failures where results have fallen woefully short of expcetations, sending business leaders and the marketplace back into the boardroom to debate yet again the viability and sustainability of the solution. Can RPO be truly successful? If there are companies out there who are reaping the proposed benefits of outsourcing, what are they doing that others are not? The fact is there are common elements—let"s even call them tenets—that when followed, can greatly increase the effectiveness and ultimate outcomes of the RPO solution. Before we look at those tenets, however, it"s it"s important to understand the history of RPO. Recruitment process outsourcing is the culmination of an evolutionary process that started with third-party recruiters engaged at the line manager level or as an adiunct to an organlsatlon"s internal staffing initiatives. Utilising the approach was simple: call your preferred recruiter(s) with a job description and expect screened candidates to be sent to you. Overall, this process continues to serve as a highly scalable option in many talent acquisition strategms, but it is extremely costly. Moreover, based on the transactional nature of the relationship, it comes with high risk and little accountability for results. Companies soon realised they could bring the same talent in-house as contractors—their intentions clearly centered on achieving the same scalability but with reduced cost and greater control of the outcomes. In practice though, this model proved to be almost as expensive as high agency utilisation and surprisingly, with co-employment and other new issues, even more complex. Worse yet, the rates for contractors continued to climb as corporate recruiters began to seek out these new, more highly paid "nomad" positions instead of their corporate roles. The desired "direct sourcing" impact these recruiters were supposed to have never materialized as skills, and innovative approaches floundered without the access to best practices and innovative techniques that contingency recruiting agencies cultivated. At the same time, traditional recruiting providers began to assume a more prominent role in assisting their customers with new ways to handle huge spikes in hiring. Although this represented a new challenge for both companies and providers, the solutions were primarily project-based and, therefore, rarely focused on achieving strategtc improvements. Over time, the RPO paradigm changed to finally justify its title, while providers literally began assuming delivery of an organisation"s internal staffing function. This early model was fraught with mistiming because most organisations treated RPO solutions like earlier transactional recruiting solutions. In addition, most providers simply weren"t ready to deliver at the levels they had signed up for. As the burgeoning industry learns from itself, organisations have honed their approach to RPO vendor management and some providers have refined their solutions to near industry-standard levels.

单选题What is the similarity among the retailer's three distinct businesses?

单选题One of the most visible locational decisions on．a high technology firm was made by the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation(MCC)．A joint venture of a dozen major computer and semi-conductor firms，MCC was founded to do research (21) advanced level technologies such as new generations of supercomputers，artificial intelligence and robotics． (22) a consortium created in 1982 by several firms，it had no home base or locational inertia，and began its search for a site by examining 57 cities across the country．The cities made polished sales pitches to lure the firm's eventual 400 engineers and scientists．The four finalists in the chase-Atlantis，Austin，San Diego and Raleigh-Durham，in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina， (23) ．was particularly noted for high tech activity． When Austin was choosen。its attractions to MCC were widely analysed by other would-be Silicon Valleys．Austin，the state capital，iS the site of the main campus of the University of Texas，a school that (24) among the top twenty in the country in research funding．The university's reputation，state commitments of further support，and the city's proven quality of life attractiveness (25) high tech people were the deciding factors．Austin and the State of Texas added to these attractions a package of financial and other incentives，including a favorable lease on land in the university's research park and subsidized mortgages (26) ．relocating employees． (27) return Austin had got not only the MCC．In the typical snowballing manner of high tech areas，several other companies have decided to move research (28) other advanced technology facilities there．Lockheed Missiles and Space Company，3M Corporation，and Motorola are among the firms which have added to theagglomeration of technical workers there， (29) the expense of cities like Minneapolis and Phoenix，where the companies have other facilities．As a matter of fact，the entire 100 mile corridor between Austin and San Antonio is nicknamed“Silicon Gulch”．San Antonio is the site of several computer biotechnology and electronics companies． (30) the“Gulch”will rival the San Francisco Bay and Boston regions in high technology will depend on its ability to spawn a succession of new firms as technology advances and changes．

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题From the first two paragraphs, what can you predict about the main purpose of the study?