{{B}}Paper TwoTranslation{{/B}}

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible." Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children." When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

The largest system serving E-mail messages is the Internet, a______of millions of computers linked worldwide.

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B. C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy's gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. After an uninterrupted history of almost 1, 200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A. D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1, 500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes' expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

The critic's assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written.

It is the interaction A between people, B rather than the events that occur in their lives, that C are the main focus D of social psychology.

A. occur B. in which C. shaking handsA. to utilize social rituals such as【T1】______B. the distance【T2】______we transact our personal businessC. 【T3】______in this zone Social distance is a space of about 18 to 36 inches. This is generally【T4】______, job interviews, and conversations at desks or water coolers. Almost all business relationships【T5】______At this distance we are more likely【T6】______, opening doors, and more careful forms of address. In this arena, we see our interactions as part of a larger social or economic interchange.

A reply will be sent within the next few days along with________apology.

【T3】

【T3】

The protests were part of their________against the. proposed building development in the area.

Doctors gave the serious anemia patient a series of injections and started her on an ______ course of vitamins.

Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they handle things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U. S. budget—large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. Two-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. The medical profession has as a result become America's new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $ 100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor's surgery is as likely to be about the doctor's latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country's health cost climbed 15.9 percent—about twice as fast as prices in general.

Globally, most smokers start smoking before the age of 18, with almost a quarter of those beginning before the age of 10. The younger children are when they first try smoking , the more likely they are to become regular tobacco users and the less likely they are to quit. A strong link between advertising and smoking in young people has been proven. The more aware and appreciative young people are of tobacco advertising, the more likely they are to smoke or say they intend to. As a result, the tobacco industry spends billions of dollars worldwide each year spreading its marketing net as widely as possible to attract young customers. Tobacco companies market their products wherever youth can be easily accessed—in the movies, on the Internet, in fashion magazines, and at music concerts and sports events. In response to this threat, World No Tobacco Day 2008 campaigns for a total ban on all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship by the tobacco industry.

In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to【C1】______ or refuse these permits, and there is little that can be【C2】______ about it, it would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since anyone doing so is【C3】______ to immediate deportation. There are some exceptions to this rule, most notably people from the Common Market countries, who are【C4】______ to work without permits and who are often given temporary residence permits of up to five years. Some【C5】______ people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others, can work without permits. The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are【C6】______ but【C7】______ it is administered, and the people who administer it. An immigration official has the power to stop a visitor【C8】______ these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor has the【C9】______ to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal.【C10】______ the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time.

{{B}}Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}

If you read Canadian English Dictionaries, you A certainly find both American and British spellings B listing , and the first word is the spelling C preferred by the educated D Canadian majority .

A. The spring promotion will last for two weeksB. It varies from goods to goodsC. Nothing specialA: What do you want to buy, sir?B:【D1】______ .A: Please feel free to walk around. Take your time.B: Thank you. I'm browsing.A: All the things here are on display.B: Do you offer discount?A: Yes, sir.【D2】______ .B: How much discount do you offer?A:【D3】______ . The best discount is 40%.B: I see.

{{B}}ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.{{/B}}