Excerpt 1: Sales of e-readers surged during the Christmas holiday season, according to a Pew Research Center report, which showed that the number of adults in the United States who owned tablets nearly doubled from mid-December to early January. Excerpt 2: Apple, based in Cupertino, California, controls 73 percent of the market, while Samsung Electronics Co. , Sony Corp. and Toshiba Corp. are among companies making constant improvements on table without bringing services that cut into the market share, Sarah Rotman Epps, an analyst at Forrester, said in the report. Excerpt 3: Under Square's year-long pilot program, an iPad would be installed in the space where Taxi TVs currently sit, and the driver would have an iPhone to process credit-card payments. The technology would allow drivers to accept a passenger's card at any point during the ride, then enter the amount later. The system charges drivers less in credit card transaction fees than the current rates. Excerpt 4: When Apple introduced the iPad tablet computer in 2010, it was doing what it likes to do best: creating a new category to dominate, as it had done with the iPod and iPhone. By the end of the year, the company had sold nearly 15 million iPads, generating about $9.5 billion in revenue. Just two years later, the chief executive of Apple, Timothy D. Cook, has a prediction: the day will come when tablet devices like the Apple iPad outsell traditional personal computers. Excerpt 5: Apple has made its first attempt to quantify how many American jobs can be credited to the sale of its iPads and other products, a group that includes the Apple engineers who design the devices and the drivers who deliver them—even the people who build the trucks that get them there. On Friday, the company published the results of a study it commissioned saying that it had "created or supported" 514, 000 American jobs. The study is an effort to show that Apple's benefit to the American job market goes far beyond the 47, 000 people it directly employs here. Excerpt 6: People who read e-books on tablets like the iPad are realizing that while a book on a black-and-white Kindle is straightforward and immersive, a tablet offers a menu of distractions that can fragment the reading experience, or stop it in its tracks. E-mail lurks tantalizingly within reach. Looking up a tricky or unknown fact in the book is easily accomplished through a Google search. And if a book starts to drag, giving up in it to stream a movie over Netflix or scroll through your Twitter feed is only a few taps away.

{{B}}Part V Text CompletionDirections: In this part there are three short texts.For each text,you should first fill in the blanks in the choices A,B,C (and D) with the best answer provided in the rectangle.Then,complete the text itself by filling in each of the blanks with the completed A,B,C (or D).Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}

Almost eight years ago, the American educator Abraham Flexner published an article entitled The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge. In it, he argued that the most powerful intellectual and technological breakthroughs usually emerged from research that initially appeared "useless" , without much relevance to real life. As a result, it was vital, Flexner said, that these "useless" efforts should be supported, even if they did not produce an immediate payback, because otherwise the next wave of innovation simply would not occur. " Curiosity, which may or may not produce something useful, is probably the outstanding characteristic of modern thinking," he declared. In 1929, Flexner persuaded a wealthy American family, the Bambergers, to use some of their donations to fund the Institute for Advanced Study(IAS)at Princeton to support exactly this kind of "undirected" research. And it paid off: brilliant Jewish scientists fleeing from Nazi Germany, such as Albert Einstein, gathered at the IAS to explore undirected ideas. And while some of these, such as Einstein's own work developing his early theory of relativity, did not initially seem valuable, many eventually produced powerful applications(though after many decades). "Without Einstein's theory, our GPS tracking devices would be inaccurate by about seven miles," writes Robbert Dijkgraaf, the current director of the IAS, in the foreword to a newly released reprint of Flexner's article. Concepts such as quantum mechanics(量子力学)or superconductivity also seemed fairly useless at first—but yielded huge dividends at a later date. The reason why the IAS is re-releasing Flexner's article now is that scientists such as Dijkgraaf fear this core principle is increasing under threat. The Trump administration has released a projected budget that threatens to reduce funding for the arts, science and educational groups. Many Republicans believe that research is better financed by business or philanthropists(慈善家)than by government. But one striking fact about the past century is how much American innovation originated in federal projects; Silicon Valley would never have boomed were it not for the fact that state funding enabled the development of the World Wide Web, for example.

A. Decide what you can and can't live with.B. Open people's minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself. Leadership Through Challenging Times Strong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the company's bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader. 【R1】______ No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professional lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realization that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads. It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others. 【R2】______ In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our careers where we have benefited from the coolheaded thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, clear thinking yourself. 【R3】______ To be true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your company's future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership. 【R4】______ Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. There will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in today's challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues' ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate further, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results. 【R5】______ Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possible, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then is what the mid and long term is for.

Revenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys. People don't like to talk about it, though. Just the same, there is nothing more satisfying or more rewarding than revenge. The purpose is not to harm your victims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you. Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome coworkers, gossiping friends, or nagging family members. Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply. All you have to do is get up extra early one day. Before the sun comes up, drive to each coworker's house. Reach under the hood of your coworker's car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap, the car will be unharmed, but it will not start, and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day. If you're lucky, your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise. Gossiping friends at school are also perfect targets for a simple act of revenge. A way to trap either male or female friends is to leave phony messages on their lockers. If the friend that you want to get is male, leave a message that a certain girl would like him to stop by her house later that day. With any luck, her boyfriend will be there. The girl won't know what's going on, and the victim will be so embarrassed that he probably won't leave his home for a month. When Mom and Dad and your sisters and brothers really begin to annoy you, harmless revenge may be just the way to make them quiet down for a while. The dinner table is a likely place. Just before the meal begins, throw a handful of raisins into the food. Wait about five minutes and, after everyone has begun to eat, cover your mouth with your hand and begin to make odd noises. When they ask you what the matter is, point to a raisin and yell, "Bugs!" They'll dump their food in the disposal, jump into the car, and head for McDonald's. That night, you'll have your first quiet, peaceful meal in a long time. A well-planned revenge does not have to hurt anyone. The object is simply to let other people know that they are beginning to bother you.

Many sat at the table, looked at the plate and______her lips.

A. negativeB. interactC. gainD. self-respectPhrases:A. a child is likely to develop a 【T13】______outlook of lifeB. forming the basis of the child's 【T14】______C. they are able to 【T15】______with others in a responsible and honest wayD. from which the individual can 【T16】______experience Successful parents begin by communicating to children that they belong, and are loved for no other reason than just because they exist. Through touch, embrace and tone of voice parents show their attitude, 【T17】______. When children grow up with love and are made to feel lovable despite their mistakes and failures,【T18】______. A healthy self-respect is a resource for coping with potential difficulties, making it easier to see a problem as temporary, manageable, and something 【T19】______. By contrast, growing up with domestic violence or indifferent parents, 【T20】______. His life will be filled with loneliness, depression, fear and threat. Because of his tendency to give up easily, he has difficulty achieving his goals of life which seem easily achievable to others. As a result, failure is inevitable. Given the significance of parental love and care, ways should be found to help the left-behind children in rural areas to live with their parents.

Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the U. S. Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

A. we are preparing to accept your trainees in our factory and send our people to yours to give technical assistanceB. Your sales volume is not large enoughC. we might as well apply for the non-exclusive licenseD. We'd like to have the right to produce and sell your productsA: There is ready market for your air-conditioners.【D7】______ .B: Then you want to apply for our technical license. Do you have the necessary machines and equipment to manufacture our product?A: Yes, but we have to purchase the key machines from abroad. Once the contract is signed, how will you familiarize us with your technical know-how?B: Everything will be arranged carefully. We will duly supply the relative technical documentations and other information in connection with the know-how. And【D8】______A: Very good. Will the license be exclusive or non-exclusive?B: May I know what annual sales volume you can reach?A: I estimate around 150,000 sets of air-conditioners.B:【D9】______ .The minimum quantity for an exclusive license is 200,000 sets every year in your country.A: Well, we will try best to reach it.B: You'd better consider the nonexclusive license. We shall have to require minimum royalties and have the right to terminate exclusivity if you fail to meet the sales volume.Since your country is too large for a single license, you'd better ask for non-exclusivity. A: Is it cheaper than exclusive license? B: Yes, of course. A: Then【D10】______ .

Under the right circumstances, choosing to spend time alone can be a huge psychological blessing. In the 1980s, the Italian journalist and author Tiziano Terzani, after many years of reporting across Asia, holed himself up in a cabin in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. " For a month I had no one to talk to except my dog Baoli," he wrote in his book A Fortune Teller Told Me. Terzani passed the time with books, observing nature, " listening to the winds in the trees, watching butterflies, enjoying silence". For the first time in a long while he felt free from the unending anxieties of daily life: "At last I had time to have time. " Terzani's embrace of isolation was relatively unusual: humans have long considered solitude an inconvenience, something to avoid, a punishment, a realm of loners. Science has often associated it with negative outcomes. Freud, who linked solitude with anxiety, noted that, "In children the first fears relating to situations are those of darkness and solitude. " John Cacioppo, a modem social neuro-scientist who has extensively studied loneliness—what he calls " chronic perceived isolation" —contends that, beyond damaging our thinking powers, isolation can even harm our physical health. But increasingly scientists are approaching solitude as something that, when pursued by choice, can prove a therapy. This is especially true in times of personal disorder, when the instinct is often for people to reach outside of themselves for support. " When people are experiencing crisis, it's not always just about you: It's about how you are in society," explains Jack Fong, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University who has studied solitude. In other words, when people remove themselves from the social context of their lives, they are better able to see how they're shaped by that context. Thomas Merton, a monk and writer who spent years alone, held a similar notion. "We cannot see things in perspective until we cease to hug them to our breast," he writes in Thoughts in Solitude. "People can go for a walk or listen to music and feel that they are deeply in touch with themselves. "

Ask why most people are right-handed, and the answer might fall along the same lines as why fish school (鱼成群地游). Two neuroscientists suggest that social pressures drive individuals to coordinate their behaviors so that everyone in the group gets an evolutionary edge. Approximately 85 percent of people prefer their right hand, which is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain. One theorized benefit of locating a particular function in one hemisphere is that it frees the other to deal with different tasks. But that idea does not explain why population-wide trends for handedness exist in the first place. Moreover, evidence gleaned in recent years has overturned the long-held belief that human handedness is a unique by-product of brain specialization attributable to language. A suite of studies has revealed brain lateralization in species from fish to primates (灵长类). Last August, for instance, scientists discovered that in the wild, chimpanzees show hand preferences. The presence of lateralization throughout the animal kingdom suggests some benefit from it, contend neuroscientists Giorgio Vallortigara and Lesley Rogers. Also, last August, in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, the two presented evidence to support their idea that social constraints force individuals toward asymmetry in the same direction. They noted, for example, that baby chickens attack more readily when a threat appears on their left.

A: No, that's all.A. Make sure you don't rub it dry.B. Just dab it lightly.C. They're really irritating !D. So how can I help you?Julie: Hi, Mary, I know you're an expert in skin care.Mary: Well, I wouldn't say that, but I do know something.【D7】______Julie: I think I have an oily skin and there are always small bumps here and there on my face. How can I get rid of them?【D8】______Mary: Well, I would suggest that you wash your face often. Every night you should rinse your face with warm water, then pat it dry with a clean towel.【D9】______Then you apply this cream to your face.Julie: Oh, this cream?Mary: Yeah. It's pretty effective in wiping out dirt and oil. It rids your face of dead cells and helps stimulate circulation.Julie: Wow!Mary: Oh, just use a small amount on the oily areas. Also, don't rub it hard.【D10】______Julie：I'll keep that in mind!Mary：Of course. Also, I would suggest you get a facial every four to six weeks for a deep clean.

It is not yet clear whether the decision of data at the troubled bank was accidental or deliberate .

BSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your rnachine-scoring ANSWER SHEET./B

A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily______.

DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a person's genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recendy been able to identify a person from just a drop of blood or a single hair. One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the killer's DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessor's blood. To everyone's surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he admitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5, 000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free. In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not-for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U. S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty(as of 2006). For most of these prisoners, their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence. Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system. Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out death sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners' cases. The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyone's DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.

" Years ago, a friend of mine observed that 80 percent of the people in this country have too much self-esteem and 20 percent have much too little. That struck me as pretty accurate, but psychologists will tell you that self-esteem is not a constant. People's appraisal of their own worth varies.... I have the impression that more people have unstable self-esteem than before. I say this because some of the traditional standards people used to measure their own worth have eroded(middle class respectability), whereas more people now seem to measure themselves against celebrities and superstars. It would be interesting to know if anybody has studied changes in the criteria we use to measure self-worth. " Comment 1: You bring up an interesting point because I do believe values and beliefs have changed. It would be very interesting to see the criteria used for self-worth. I find it hard to believe that only 20% of people have low self-esteem. I've been following Brene Brown's thoughts on the subject of self-worth, and low self-worth(on some level)seems much more common. Comment 2: If the quality of one's self-esteem is going to be judged by comparisons with those who are celebrities and superstars, then the entire exercise is really pointless. Comment 3: Self-esteem solution: A happy marriage. Comment 4: Ego(self-worth)is proportionate to wealth. The more wealth, the more self-worth. Comment 5: Benjamin Franklin said it best, and it applies to all facets of life. " Contentment will make a poor man rich just as discontent will make a rich man poor. " It does not mean not try to do your best, or be the richest. It simply means once you've done your best be content with yourself, just as if you don't give your best effort discontent is sure to follow. Comment 6: I've " retired" from 30 years of expensive, if interesting, " personal growth" and " self-improvement" , much probably motivated by trying to "fix" myself. Hanging out with friends at a local cafe is way more satisfying. Comment 7: A related concept you may be interested in is the "sociometer theory" of self-esteem, pioneered by Mark Leary(Wake Forest). Basically it states that our self-esteem is determined by the amount of perceived social acceptance/rejection, and that determination is full of cognitive biases and errors. Awesome stuff.

A. By the way, how much is it?B. What is your destination?C. I'd like to catch a return flight on the twenty-ninth. Travel Agent: Freedom Travel. How may I help you?Caller: Yes, I'd like to make a flight reservation for the twenty-third of this month. Travel Agent: Okay. 【D1】______Caller: Well. I'm flying to Helsinki, Finland. Travel Agent: Okay. Let me check what flights are available. And when will you be returning?Caller: Uh, well,【D2】______Oh and I'd like the cheapest flight available.Travel Agent: Okay. Let me see. Um, hmm...Caller: Yeah? Travel Agent: Well, the price for the flight is almost double the price you would pay if you leave the day before.Caller: Whoo. Let's go with the cheaper flight. 【D3】______Travel Agent: It's only $ 980.Caller: Alright. Well, let's go with that. Travel Agent: Okay, That's flight 1070 from Salt Lake City to New York, Kennedy Airport, transferring to flight 90 from Kennedy to Helsinki.

On the large board in the main hall of the airport, you can easily find the different destinations ________which airlines can take you.

In court he repeated his________that he was not guilty in front of the jury.