单选题Instead of being situated at a fixed campus, the City University conducts classes at various sites deemed convenient to students.

单选题Leo Tolstoy was a Russian writer and moral philosopher, and one of the world"s greatest novelists. He was born on April 30,1828 and died on Feb. 14, 1910. His writings 1 influenced much of 20th-century literature, and his moral 2 helped shape the thinking of several important 3 and political leaders. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born 4 a family of noble landowners at his family 5 south of Moscow. His early education came from tutors at home, but after the deaths of his parents in the 1830s, he was 6 by relatives. He entered Kazan" University when he was 16 but preferred to educate himself independently, and in 1847 he 7 his studies without finishing his degree. His next 15 years were very 8 . Tolstoy returned to manage the family estate, with the determination to improve himself 9 and physically. Alter less than two years, however, he abandoned rural life 10 the pleasures of Moscow. In 1851 Tolstoy traveled to the Caucasus, a region then part of southern Russia, 11 his brother was serving in the army. He was 12 as a volunteer, serving with distinction in the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856. Tolstoy began his literary career during his army service, and his first work, the semiautobiographical short novel Childhood 13 was published in 1852, brought him fame. A series of other stories 14 , and when he left the army in 1856 he was acknowledged as a rising new talent in literature. Tolstoy achieved great literary fame during his lifetime, both in Russia and abroad. Thirty-one translations of his works 15 in the year 1887 alone. The most significant part of Tolstoy"s legacy may be his defense of the individual personality.

单选题Man: Why do you want to move out? You really have a happy life. I do envy you. Woman: You don"t know that I have been over-protected by my mother these years. I want to spread my own wings. Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题Very soon, unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives. This could have dangerous consequences, especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them. There"s a growing gap between our technological capability and our underlying scientific understanding. We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath, and that is very dangerous. The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology, artificial intelligence and biotechnology. The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous. In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50,000 million times smarter than the human brain by the year 2010. The only thing not feasible in the film Terminator is that the people win. If you"re fighting against technology that is much smarter than you, you probably will not win. We"ve all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating until the world has been reduced to sticky goo, and certainly in biotechnology, we"ve really got a big problem because it"s converging with nanotechnology. Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech-enabled bacteria, we can go much further than the Borg in Star Trek , and those superhuman organisms might not like us very much. We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows. The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good. We should prepare for new and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.

单选题Man: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need with our library cards. Woman: That"s right, but not those reference books. Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题Man: How did Eddy do in the interview? Woman: He left the room with only one question unanswered. Question: How well did Eddy do in the interview?

单选题In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethnology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes. 4 , the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10 , even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Good all reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young.

单选题Woman: Next fall will be my last semester of course work for my master"s and I will be very busy doing research on my thesis. Man: So you will not graduate next fall, will you? Question: When will the woman finish her course work for her master"s degree?

单选题A: Kennedy Airport, please. I have to be there by 7:00. B: ______

单选题Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape—and the way your body works—fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport? "It"s about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain"s University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins." Someone who"s 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won"t automatically push you to Olympic gold." Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain"s Brunel University. Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath"s sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. "In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital. " Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14- 16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in women"s rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for "performance genes. "

单选题There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal. Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎). Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur. Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse hung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven. Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.

单选题Man: Our budget is a little tight this year. As we plan our vacation, let"s keep that in mind. Woman: There are a lot of very interesting things to see that are close to home. Maybe we could consider some things like backpacking in the mountains. Question: Why does the woman suggest a backpacking in the mountains?

单选题An action that is lavishly rewarded as soon as it is performed is well on its way to becoming a habit.

单选题The events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security at American airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta. But to say there is plenty of room for improvement puts it mildly: Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U. S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony social security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had wanted. Tests ordered by President Bush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports were on highest alert, showed that Security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 300//00 of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time. Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration"s opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense. Attorney General John Ashcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks--done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others—needs tightening. That much is painfully obvious. What isn"t clear is why the system was so porous (有洞的) to begin with and why it wasn"t immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September. Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other security checks as flight crews do. Congress has ordered the new Transpiration Security Administration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19—when the reds take over airport security—and installing bomb-detection equipment in all airports by the end of the year. Plainly, those two goals are critical. But it would be a mistake to give low priority to fixing other gaping holes in the nation"s airport security net. If the federal crackdown is going to be effective, it needs to be comprehensive.

单选题Man: I hear you have been working part-time. Woman: Yeah, I must stand on my own feet. My parents are retired and their health is declining. Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems. There was often 1 between each established group of 2 and each succeeding group. As each group became 3 financially successful, and more powerful, they 4 newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are 5 U.S. history, 6 , this prejudicial treatment of different groups is 7 more unjust than with black Americans. Blacks had distinct 8 . For the most part, they came to the "land of opportunity" as slaves and were not free to keep their 9 and cultural traditions. 10 most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes slave owners separated members of 11 family. They could not mix easily with the 12 society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to 13 the American culture. Even after they became flee people, they were still discriminated 14 in employment, housing, education, and even in public 15 , such as restrooms.

单选题Sofia Coppola"s "Lost in Translation" is a funny, bittersweet movie that uses cultural dislocation as a metaphor for people who have gotten lost in their own lives. The movie contains priceless slapstick from Bill Murray, finely tuned performances by Murray and the beautiful Scarlett Johansson and a visual and aural design that cultivates a romantic though melancholy mood. In only her second feature, Coppola has made a poised, intelligent film that nicely balances laughs with a poignancy rarely seen in American movies. If Focus Features markets "Lost in Translation" carefully, this most original comedy could win audiences well beyond art houses. Bob Harris (Murray) is a grumpy movie star in town to shoot a whiskey commercial. He is not only plagued by jet lag and gloom over a deteriorating marriage of many years, he is also in the midst of a midlife crisis that dampens his spirits but not his wit. Charlotte (Johansson), the neglected wife of a photographer, experiences a similar air-conditioned nightmare. Married two years, she already feels lost in the relationship, unable to participate in her husband"s career or pinpoint what she wants out of life. When she ventures into the city, she is confronted by a distorted version of western modernity. These two people discover each other late at night at the bar. Neither one can sleep. A friendship evolves in their mutual isolation. Coppola sees in Tokyo"s crowded, neon-lit urban landscape a society estranged from its own culture. The night is filled with pleasure-seekers obsessed by games, toys and American pop culture. Only when Charlotte takes a train to Kyoto is she able to experience the old Japan of ancient temples and gardens, tea houses and kimono-clad figures. This role fits Murray like his own skin. A middle-aged burnout who sees no challenges on his horizon gradually changes into a man revitalized by another alienated soul. His comic touch enriches the character with a self-deprecating wit and in a few sequences, a rubbery physicality that earns sustained laughs. Johansson makes Charlotte"s loneliness and disillusionment palpable as the woman is cut off from life in ways she never imagined. Using high-speed film stock, cinematographer Lance Acord gives the glaring neon and numbingly sleek interiors a kind of romantic sheen. The score produced by Brian Reitzell created out of Japanese musical themes and "Tokyo dream-pop" adds to the sense of an Eastern city that has succumbed in large measure to Western culture.

单选题Another 1,000 workers were dismissed when the machinery plant was in difficulties.

单选题Woman: I went downtown yesterday and saw Jean"s sister there. Man: Unlike her sister, Jean doesn"t have lots of time to spend buying dresses. Question: What do we learn about Jean?

单选题So what are books good for? My best answer is that books produce knowledge by encasing it. Books take ideas and set them down, transforming them through the limitations of space into thinking usable by others. In 1959, C. P. Snow threw down the challenge of "two cultures", the scientific and the humanistic, pursuing their separate, unconnected lives within developed societies. In the new-media ecology of the 21st century, we may not have closed that gap, but the two cultures of the contemporary world are the culture of data and the culture of narrative. Narrative is rarely collective. It isn"t infinitely expandable. Narrative has a shape and a temporality, and it ends, just as our lives do. Books tell stories. Scholarly books tell scholarly stories. Storytelling is central to the work of the narrative-driven disciplines—the humanities and the nonquantitative social sciences—and it is central to the communicative pleasures of reading. Even argument is a form of narrative. Different kinds of books are, of course, good for different things. Some should be created only for download and occasional access, as in the case of most reference projects, which these days are born digital or at least given dual passports. But scholarly writing requires narrative fortitude, on the part of writer and reader. There is nothing wiki about the last set of Cambridge University Press monographs(专著) I purchased, and in each I encounter an individual speaking subject. Each single-author book is immensely particular, a story told as only one storyteller could recount it. Scholarship is a collagist (拼贴画家), building the next road map of what we know book by book. Stories end, and that, I think, is a very good thing. A single authorial voice is a kind of performance, with an audience of one at a time, and no performance should outstay its welcome. Because a book must end, it must have a shape, the arc of thought that demonstrates not only the writer"s command of her or his subject but also that writer"s respect for the reader. A book is its own set of bookends. Even if a book is published in digital form, freed from its materiality, that shaping case of the codex (古书的抄本) is the ghost in the ghost in the knowledge-machine, we are the case for books. Our bodies hold the capacity to generate thousands of ideas, perhaps even a couple of full-length monographs, and maybe a trade book or two. If we can get them right, books are luminous versions of our ideas, bound by narrative structure so that others can encounter those better, smarter versions of us on the page or screen. Books make the case for us, for the identity of the individual as an embodiment of thinking in the world. The heart of what even scholars do is the endless task of making that world visible again and again by telling stories, complicated and subtle stories that reshape us daily so that new forms of knowledge can shine out.