填空题One expert remarks that a computer with so many tubes as the brain has neurons would require the Empire State Building to contain it.A. remarksB. soC. hasD. would require

填空题On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $ 35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling. He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user"s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin". 1 . In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williams"s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams"s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. 2 . The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: "Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it." Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams"s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to "lure" him to "engage in conduct against his will". Well. 3 . The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. 4 . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. 5 . Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers" dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web"s most profitable business. A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino"s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected. B. It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative? C. By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit. D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government. E. David Williams"s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don"t bet on it. F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. G. The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

填空题A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on the project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers: The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other did. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.

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填空题The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection of intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.A.ofB.have enhancedC.intellectual propertyD.made them conform

填空题Where Is the News Leading Us? Not long ago I was asked to join in a public symposium on the role of the American press. Two other speakers were included on the program. The first was a distinguished TV anchorman. The other was the editor of one of the nation's leading papers, a newsman to the core-tough, aggressive, and savvy in the ways and means of solid reporting. The purpose of the symposium, as I understood it, was to scrutinize the obligations of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those obligations. (1) . Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs so disaster-prone? Why are newsmen and women so attracted to tragedy, violence, failure? The anchorman and editor reacted as though they had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen and newswomen, they said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating it or modifying it. (2) . The gentleman who had asked it was not blaming them for the distortions in the world. He was just wondering why distortions are most reported. The news media seem to operate on the philosophy that all news is bad news. Why? Could it be that the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition—the way newsmen and newswomen are accustomed to respond to daily events? (3) . News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours—24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is apt to be eruptive. A sniper kills some pedestrians; a terrorist holds 250 people hostage in a plane; OPEC announces a 25 percent increase in petroleum prices; Great Britain devalues by another 10 percent; a truck conveying radioactive wastes collides with a mobile cement mixer. (4) . Civilization is a lot more than the sum total of its catastrophes. The most important ingredient in any civilization is progress. But progress doesn't happen all at once. It is not eruptive. Generally, it comes in bits and pieces, very little of it clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better. It is this aspect of living history that most news reporting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under informed about positive developments and over informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism and despair, which in themselves tend to be inhibitors of progress. An unrelieved diet of eruptive news depletes the essential human energies a free society needs. (5) . I am not suggesting that "positive" news be contrived as an antidote to the disasters on page one. Nor do I define positive news as in-depth reportage of functions of the local YMCA. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events—whether or not they come under the heading of conflict, confrontation, or catastrophe. The world is a splendid combination of heaven and hell, and both sectors call for attention and scrutiny. A. Focusing solely on these details, however, produces a misshapen picture. B. Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word news, for this is where the problem begins. C. A mood of hopelessness and cynicism is hardly likely to furnish the energy needed to meet serious challenges. D. During the open-discussion period, a gentleman in the audience addressed a question to my two colleagues. E. It didn't seem to me that the newsmen had answered the question.

填空题Some of these studies {{U}}have shown{{/U}} that although some people have trouble {{U}}to fall asleep{{/U}}, others have an {{U}}equally{{/U}} difficult time {{U}}waking up{{/U}}. A. have shown B. to fall asleep C. equally D. waking up

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填空题Public health experts say that (the) money one spends (avoiding) illness is (less) than the cost (to be) sick. A. the B. avoiding C. less D. to be

填空题The speaker suggests that ______.A. stamps play an important role in our livesB. too much attention is devoted to stamp productionC. stamps should reflect a nation's character

填空题It is debatable whether this would have happened if the terrorists had struck again, or had done so more effectively than with the few anthrax-carrying (含有炭疽病毒的) letters that were received last October from still-unknown authors.

填空题People were riding horses much earlier than previously thought, new archaeological finds suggest. Scientists have now traced the first conclusive evidence of domesticated horses back to Kazakhstan, about 5,500 years ago. That"s 1,000 years earlier than we already knew about, and about 2,000 years before domesticated horses showed up in Europe. 1 Scientists analyzed the horses" lower leg bones, and found that they more closely resembled those of later known domestic horses rather than those of ancient wild horses. The researchers also developed a new method to identify the chemical signatures of fat from horse milk, and were able to find these traces on Botai pottery fragments. 2 . "The invention of a method to identify the fat residues left by horse milk in ceramic pots is a spectacular and brilliant advance," archaeologists David Anthony and Dorcas Brown of Hartwick College wrote in an e-mail. "If you"re milking horses, they are not wild." 3 . For one thing, it meant people could travel much farther, and much more quickly, than before. "When people began to ride, it revolutionized human transport," Anthony and Brown said. "We still measure the power of our transportation technologies in horsepower, because for millennia, until just about 150 years ago, that was the fastest transport humans had." 4 They were less nomadic than previous residents of that area, which is why archaeologists have an easier time studying their remains, compared to earlier peoples who moved around so often that they didn"t leave large deposits in any one place. 5 . "We"ll probably be looking more widely now trying to apply the same techniques to other sites," Brown said. "I wouldn"t be surprised if we find even earlier ones. I think even if there are earlier sites, they"re still going to be in the neighboring area, where those big grass plains are." A. The advent of horsemanship was a major advance for civilization, right up there with inventing the wheel and making tools out of iron. B. Finally, a few of the ancient horse skulls bore physical markings on the teeth that could have been made by the use of a harness with a bit in the mouth. C. Experts suspect that some of these even earlier groups may have also domesticated houses, though. D. Comparisons were also made to leg bones from modern and 3,000-year-old domesticated horses and from wild Siberian horses that lived more than 20,000 years ago. E. The Botai people lived in planned-out villages, with houses partly buried underground. F. Archaeologists have uncovered thousands of horse bones at the site of the ancient Botai culture in Kazakhstan.